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阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
PLAYA GRANDE, COSTA RICA? This resort town was long known for Leatherback Sea Turtle (棱皮龟) national Park, nightly turtle beach tours and even a sea turtle museum. However, on a beach where dozens of turtles used to nest on a given night, scientists spied only 32 leatherbacks all of last year.
With leatherbacks threatened with extinction (灭亡), Playa Grande’s turtle museum was abandoned three years ago and now sits among a sea of weeds. And the beachside ticket office for turtle tours was washed away by a high tide in September. “We do not promote that as a turtle tourism destination any more because we realize there are far too few turtles to please,” said Alvaro Fonseca, a park ranger (管理员).
Even before scientists found temperatures going up over the past decade, sea turtles were threatened by beach development, drift net fishing and Costa Ricans interest in eating turtle eggs. But climate change may cause the most serious harm to an animal that has lived in the Pacific for 150 million years.
Sea turtles are sensitive to numerous effects of warming. They feed on reefs, which are dying in hotter seas. They lay eggs on beaches that are being covered by rising seas and more violent waves.
More uniquely their gender (性别) is determined, not by genes but by the egg’s temperature during development. Small rises in beach temperatures can result in ail-female populations, obviously problematic for survival. If the sand around the eggs hits 30 degrees Celsius, the gender balance shits to females: at about 32 degrees they are all female. Above 34, you get boiled eggs.
On some nesting beaches, scientists are artificially cooling nests with shade or irrigation and trying to protect broader areas of coastal property from development to ensure that turtles have a place to nest as the seas rise.
1. Why does the resort town stop promoting it’s turtle tourism?
A. It decides not to disturb the turtles’ normal life.
B. Tourists have lost interest in watching turtles.
C. There are only very few turtles now.
D. The turtle museum was destroyed by a high tide.
2. Which of the following is the major factor in the turtles endangerment?
A. The locals eating habit. B. Drift net fishing.
C. Beach development. D. Global warming.
3. We learn from the last paragraph that scientists .
A. are doing research on the sea rise B. are moving turtles to new homes
C. are protecting turtles’ nests D. are getting rid of sea weeds
4. The passage intends to .
A. introduce a special kind of sea turtle
B. explain the mystery of turtles’ eggs
C. show the dangers a certain kind of turtle is facing
D. attract more visitors to a sea turtle museum
【参考答案】1—4、CDCC
阅读理解。
The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful, says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.
A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad. Keep cool, says George Herbert, for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. Anger, says Pythagoras, brings with folly ( 愚蠢 ) and ends with regret. You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.Self-control is man’s last greatest victory.
If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be
controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.
11. What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?
A. The greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself.
B. One’s moral freedom is based on the control of himself.
C. To control oneself is the most difficult in one’s life.
D. If a person is too stubborn, he will feel most shameful.
12. What is the correct interpretation of “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad ” in paragraph 2 ?
A. If the gods want to kill you, they make you crazy first.
B. If you always lose your temper, you will soon be finished.
C. If you cannot control yourself, you will become crazy.
D. If you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.
13. If a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following EXCEPT _______.
A. the very backbone and nerve of character
B. the patience and power to control himself
C. strong feelings
D. self-confidence
14. The author’s main purpose in writing this article is to _______.
A. explain that self-control is the key to success
B. teach people how to control everything in order to make a great success
C. distinguish all kinds of self-control and suggest ways for keeping it
D. advise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends
14. The passage is mainly developed by _____.
A. analyzing causes B. making comparisons
C. examining differences D. listing quotations
【参考答案】11—15、BBCAD
阅读理解。
Nothing succeeds like confidence. When you are truly confident, it radiates from you like sunlight, and attracts success to you like a magnet（磁铁）. Besides, those who are self-confident can in turn inspire confidence in others: their audience, their peers, their bosses, their customers, and their friends. And gaining the confidence of others is one of the key ways in which a self-confident person finds success.
So how can we build a sense of self-confidence and prepare ourselves on the way to success?
First, do what you believe to be right, even if others mock or criticize you for it. Believe in
yourself and believe that you can do it under any circumstances, because if you believe you can, then you really will. The belief keeps you searching for answers, which means that pretty soon you will get them.
Second, govern your behavior based on what other people think. What’s more important, be willing to take risks and go the extra miles to achieve better results, in which case mistakes cannot be avoided. Don’t hesitate to admit your mistakes, and learn from them. Next, work hard to settle the problems in order to cover up your mistakes before anyone notices. Building self-confidence is readily achievable, as long as you have the focus and determination to carry things through. And what’s even better is that the things you’ll do to build self-confidence will also build success ----after all, your confidence will come from real, solid achievement. No one can take this away from you!
As you sow, sow will reap. With your perseverance and improvement, you are getting closer to success. At this stage, wait for others to congratulate you on your accomplishments and compliments graciously. “Thanks, I really worked hard on that prospect. I’m pleased you recognize my efforts.” The congratulations and compliments from others will promote you to gain further success.
Self-confidence is extremely important in almost every aspect of our lives, and it is no wonder that so many people struggle to find it. Self-confidence really can be learned and built on. Besides, whether you’re working on your own self-confidence or building the confidence of people around you, it’s well worth the effort!
16. Those who are truly confident _________.
A. succeed without effort and hard work
B. encourage people around to become confident
C. appear more attractive and thus become successful
D. gain the confidence of others and feel successful
17. The underlined word “mock” (Para.3 ) is closest in meaning to ________.
A. praise B. imitate C. punish D. laugh at
18. When others congratulate us on our achievements, we are supposed to ________.
A. praise them in return B. gain further improvement
C. politely accept the compliments D. expect them to congratulate you again
19. Which of the following proverbs best goes with Paragraph 4?
A. Look before your leap.
B. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
C. Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.
D. Learn from past mistakes and avoid future ones.
20. The purpose of the text is to ________________.
A. tell people how to become successful
B. convince people to do what they believe to be right
C. encourage people to build confidence and achieve success
D. criticize people who lack confidence and thus fail in their career
【参考答案】16—20、BDCDC
【上海市徐汇区2022诊断卷】任务型阅读
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Space Travel and Science Fiction
Space travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stations might look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.
Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author. He was a pioneer of science fiction. In his novels From the Earth to the Moon (1865) and Around the Moon (1870), a kind of space ship is fired from a 900-foot-long cannon(大炮) at the moon. On their journey, the three travelers are deprived of gravity at one point and float around their small ship. When landing on the moon, rockets are used to slow the ship down.
Given the year in which he was writing, Verne’s predictions were very good. The size of his space ship is about the size of the first one to go to the moon, the Apollo, minus its large rockets. Both Verne’s ship and the Apollo carried three people into space. Furthermore, rockets were indeed used by the Apollo to slow its descent. However, Verne’s ship, by analogy(相像) with a gun, shot his travelers into space, which never could have worked. The intense pressure of such an event would cause great physiological damage to the crew.
During the first half of the 20th century, science fiction novels and comic books were widely distributed in the United States. Their portrayal(描写) of space travel was less far-fetched than Verne’s. Pictures began showing astronauts in space suits, as writers realized that exposure of human beings to space was deadly. Ideas of other planets were still often wrong, though. A 1928 drawing of the surface of a moon of the planet Jupiter shows it covered in plant life. Only later was it discovered that other than Earth, the planets and moons around our sun are without life as we know it. Drawings in the early 20th century showed very large space ships and stations. They were like floating cities. Writers at the time knew that trips to other stars would take hundreds of years. Those who left Earth would die on the journey; their descendants would arrive. Some writers avoided this problem by using the concept of suspended animation—a deep sleep in which a person doesn't grow older. Such travelers would awaken at the end of their journey, hundreds of years in the future. It is not impossible that these ideas could become reality one day.
After the American space program had begun, the television show Star Trek became very popular. It follows the adventures of a large space ship with over 400 crew members that flies around the universe at speeds faster than light. This is a wonderful dream, but it will probably never come to fulfillment. The laws of physics tell us that it is quite impossible for any object to travel faster than the speed of light.
It’s clear to see that science fiction has progressed along with science and technology. Science fiction writers continue to study scientific concepts and to use them to portray the future. Looking back at their ideas, some were correct and cannot be distinguished from today’s reality; many others were nothing but fiction. But, they have always inspired new generations of humans to dream of someday going into space.
78. According to the passage, what did early science fiction writers do to help reveal what future space travel might look like?
79. If the modern spaceship were shot into space by analogy with a gun, the astronauts in it would ___________________________.
80. The space travelers in early science fictions didn’t wear space suits, because ___________________________________________________.
81. According to the passage, suspended animation was a concept used in science fiction to _______________________________
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Twelve Words.)
【参考答案】
78. They studied and employed the latest scientific concepts.
79. be dead or hurt greatly
80. writers didn’t realize exposure of human beings to space was deadly.
81. allow people to travel for hundreds of years
阅读表达
【2022·江西省九校高三其次次联考】
[1]Environment is very important to a student’s success.A child who is in comfortable environment learns more and enjoys class better than a child who is not.A classroom with good decoration such as the students’ art works，and enticing games and crafts makes for an inviting opportunity for the students to learn while still having fun.Classrooms need to be fun and rewarding while still offering high standards of education.
[2]Children need to feel welcomed and safe in their learning environment.If________________at school with bullies or a teacher，the parents should consult the school system to resolve the problem.Pay attention to your children.Ask how their day at school went，ask what they learned，and always be attentive to any problem they speak of.
[3]Learning for a child should be fun and entertaining.No one likes to feel forced to do something they do not want to do.Fun learning allows for children to learn and not really even realize they are doing so.Children like to feel smart and special.Smaller classrooms allow for more oneonone time between student and teacher.This can often greatly improve students’ learning.Keeping up with the class makes a child feel more comfortable and more eager to attend class and try to learn.Smaller classrooms also ensure that children receive recognition for a job well done.This boosts selfconfidence as well as the eagerness to learn.
[4]We cannot expect school to be the only comfortable environment a child needs to be in.A child’s home life can aff
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