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【由上海市闵行区2022质量调研考试改编】
阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
For the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the same thing true for workers in poor countries? The answer is that they are even more likely than their rich-country counterparts (地位相当的人) to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain.
Traditional economics takes an optimistic line on integration (整合) and the developing countries. Openness to foreign trade and investment should encourage capital to flow to poor economies. In the developing world, capital is scarce, so the returns on investment there should be higher than in the industrialized countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labour have already been used up. If poor countries lower their barriers to trade and investment, the theory goes, rich foreigners will want to send over some of their capital.
If this inflow of resources arrives in the form of loans or portfolio investment (组合投资), it will top up domestic savings and loosen the financial restriction on additional investment by local companies. If it arrives in the form of new foreign-controlled operations, FDI, so much the better: this kind of capital brings technology and skills from abroad packaged along with it, with less financial risk as well. In either case, the addition to investment ought to push incomes up, partly by raising the demand for labour and partly by making labour more productive.
This is why workers in FDI-receiving countries should be in an even better position to profit from integration than workers in FDI-sending countries. Also, with or without inflows of foreign capital, the same gains from trade should apply in developing countries as in rich ones. This gains from trade logic often arouses suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or the other must lose. Not so. The benefits that a rich country gets through trade do not come at the expense of its poor country trading partners, or vice versa. Recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive sum game. In all these trades, both sides—exporters and importers, borrowers and lenders, shareholders and workers can gain.
1. Why are workers in poor countries more likely to benefit from the process of globalization?
A. They can get more chances to gain a good job.
B. They can get more financial aid.
C. They have nothing to lose.
D. They have less to lose and more to gain.
2. What can be the final result of the inflow of the resource?
A. It will top up domestic savings.
B. It will loosen the financial restriction.
C. It will push people’s incomes up.
D. It will bring technology and skills from abroad.
3. What can we know from the last paragraph?
A. Poor countries get the most profit during the process of trade.
B. Rich countries get profit from trade at poor countries’ expense.
C. Poor countries get more profit from trade than rich ones.
D. All aspects involved in the trade can get benefit.
4. Which can be the most appropriate title for this passage?
A. Benefited or Hurt B. Who Benefits the Most
C. Helping the Poor D. The Inflow of Resources
1.
D
2.
C
3.
D
4.
B
【广东省2022届高三考前冲刺卷(八)】C
The French word renaissance means rebirth.It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France，then adopted by historians of culture，by art historians，and eventually by music historians，all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450－1600.The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe.Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome.To these scholars this meant a return to human—as opposed to spiritual values.Fulfillment in life—as opposed to concern about an afterlife—became a desirable goal，and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.Artists and writers now turned to secular(不朽的)as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.
These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed，experienced，discussed，and circulated.They could see the architectural monuments，sculptures(雕塑)，plays，and poems that were being rediscovered，but they could not actually hear ancient music—although they could read the writings of classical philosophers，poets，essayists，and music theorists that were becoming available in translation.They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect.For example，the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time.He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors，painters，architects，and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.
The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.Furthermore，music changed so rapidly during this century and a half—though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.
36．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renaissance.
B．The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance.
C．The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style.
D．The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance.
37．The underlined word “now” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________.
A．1855
B．the period of the Renaissance
C．tile time of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome
D．the time at which the author wrote the passage
38．It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of ________.
A．spirituality in everyday life
B．communication among artists across Europe
C．a cultural emphasis on human values
D．religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes
39．What can be inferred about the music of ancient Greece and Rome?
A．Its effect on listeners was described in a number of classical texts.
B．It was played on instruments that are familiar to modern audiences.
C．It expressed more different ideals than classical sculpture，painting and poetry.
D．It had the same effect on Renaissance audiences as it had when originally performed.
40．According to the passage，why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?
A．It did not contain enough religious themes.
B．It had little emotional impact on audiences.
C．It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.
D．It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.
36．C [主旨大意题。全文主要叙述了欧洲文艺复兴的进展，其中以音乐风格的变化为主要例证。]
37．B [词义猜想题。叙述故事时用now表示“那时，当时”，即故事发生的时候。]
38．C [推理推断题。依据第一段第五句“To these scholars this meant a return to human—as opposed to spiritual values.”可知，文艺复兴时期的思想家寻求的是对人的价值的重视。]
39．A [推理推断题。依据其次段的“...although they could read the writings of classical philosophers，poets，essayists，and music theorists that were becoming available in translation.They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why...”可推知选A。]
40．D [推理推断题。从其次段最终的描述中可以看出，Bernardino Cirillo对他那个时代中的仿照的音乐格外无望，敦促音乐家来向古代雕塑家、画家、建筑师和学者学习，这说明他认为他那个时代的音乐依靠性太强。]
【广东省2022届高三考前冲刺卷(八)】D
The high school prom is the first formal social event for most American teenagers.It has also been a rite(仪式) of passage for young Americans for nearly a century.
The word “prom” was first used in the 1890s，referring to formal dances in which the guests of a party would display their fashions and dancing skills during the evening’s grand march.In the United States，parents and educators have come to regard the prom as an important lesson in social skills.Therefore，proms have been held every year in high schools for students to learn proper social behavior.
The first high school proms were held in the 1920s in America.By the 1930s，proms were common across the country.For many older Americans，the prom was a modest，homegrown affair in the school gymnasium.Promgoers were well dressed but not fancily dressed up for the occasion：boys wore jackets and ties and girls their Sunday dresses.Couples danced to music provided by a local amateur band or a record player.After the 1960s，and especially since the 1980s，the high school prom in many areas has become a serious exercise in excessive consumption，with boys renting expensive tuxedos and girls wearing designer gowns.Expensive cars were hired to drive the promgoers to big restaurants or discos for an allnight celebrations
Whether simple or lavish，proms have always been more or less upsetting events for adolescents who worry about selfimage and fitting in with their peers.Prom night can be a fearful experience for socially awkward teens or for those who do not secure dates.Since the 1990s，alternative proms have been organized in some areas to meet the needs of particular students.For example，proms organized by and for homeless youth were reported.There were also “couplefree” proms to which all students are welcome.
41．In what way are high school proms significant to American teenagers?
A．They are part of the graduation ceremony.
B．They are occasions for teens to show off their wealth.
C．They are important events for teenagers to learn social skills.
D．They are formal events in which teens share their fearful experiences.
42．Which best expresses the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．Proper social behavior must be observed by promgoers.
B．Proms held in earlier times gave less pressure to teenagers.
C．Proms are regarded as important because everyone dresses up for the occasion.
D．The prom has changed from a modest event to an expensive party over the years.
43．According to the text，what led to alternative proms?
A．Not all students behaved well at the proms.
B．Proms were too serious for young promgoers.
C．Teenagers wanted to attend proms with their dates.
D．Students with special needs did not enjoy conventional proms.
44．Which is true according to the text?
A．Unconventional proms have been organized since the 1990s.
B．In the 1980s，proms were held in local churches for teenagers to attend.
C．Proms have been a significant event in American high schools since the 1930s.
D．In the 1890s，high school proms were allnight social events.
45．Which of the following is suggested but not clearly stated?
A．Many high school students attend proms together with their lovers.
B．The first high school proms were held in the 1920s in America.
C．Prom night can be a fearful experience for socially awkward teens.
D．The high school prom is the first formal social event for most American teenagers.
41．C [依据第一段首句和其次段末句可知答案。]
42．D [第三段主要叙述了proms由简朴到奢华的进展过程。]
43．D [答案依据在文章末段。由于传统proms给部分同学带来心理压力，故催生了一些替代形式。]
44．C [20世纪90年月之前，不论简朴还是豪华，proms都属传统型的(conventional)，后来才产生了非传统型的，据此排解A项；全文提到的proms的举办场地有学校体育馆、大饭店等，但没有一处提到church，故排解B；第三段说自20世纪30年月proms普及以来，中同学及家长越来越重视，将其看作中同学重大社交活动。据此可确认答案为C；依据其次段可知，19世纪90年月prom还只是成人间的社交舞会，根本未进入学校，故排解D。]
45．A [第三段首句、第四段其次句和第一段首句分别明确而具体地交代了B、C、D选项中的信息，只有选项A中的信息在第四段中有示意“who do not secure dates”，此处的“dates”指约会的恋人。]
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Beijing, April 2----Starting from this year, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau will begin to promote a home medical service. With this service a medical team which is made up of a doctor, a nurse and a medical health worker will be sent to some communities in the city. They will set up a medical filing recorder for every resident in community and publicize their contact information to them. If people in the community feel sick, they can consult their community doctor first. If community doctors cannot treat their illness, they will then be transferred to large hospitals. Liang Wan, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, made the statement last Friday .
In addition ,the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau will set up some funds to train home medical service workers for families whose members suffer either from high blood pressure, diabetes,cerebral apoplexy , or coronary heart disease . The home medical service workers will remind patients to take pills on time and lead the patients to follow some health tips in their daily life. They will also learn some practical knowledge to save patients in case of an emergency .
The work will first begin in the medical service room in the 25 community centers and spread to all communities in Beijing. The disease prevention and control centers at various counties and districts in Beijing will be responsible for teaching community doctors and giving home medical service lectures, or advice . These workers will not be able to work until they pass related examination and obtain the work certificates. It is expected that by the end of this year, there will be 10000 home medical service workers in Beijing .
26. Where does a person go to see first if he gets sick according to the passage ?
A. The community clinics. B. Large hospital .
C. Private clinic . D. Small hospital .
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。依据If people in the community feel sick, they can consult their community doctor first.假如有人病了首先去社区诊所看病，故选A。
27. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.The medical team which is made up of a doctor, a nurse and a medical health worker will set up a medical filing record for every resident.
B. The home medical service workers not only give some healthy suggestions to the patients, but also learn practical knowledge about first aid.
C. Some funds will be provided by Beijing Municipal Health Bureau for home medical service training.
D. The government aims to offer the home medical service for free.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。依据选项ABC短文中都已经提到，短文中没有提到政府是无偿地供应家庭医疗服务，故选D。
28. If you want to work as a home medical worker, you need to _____________.
A. receive the training about medical service.
B. pass related examinations.
C. obtain the work certificates.
D. All the above.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。依据train home medical service workers for families 及These workers will not be able to work until they pass related examination and obtain the work certificates.首先参与特地的培训，然后通过考试获得工作资格证书，故选D。
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