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单元过关检测(二)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 阅读理解
[共两节，满分60分]
第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2022·长沙重点中学高三第四次月考) When you look at yourself in the mirror，do you ever wonder why you look the way you do?
No two faces look exactly alike, making a human face as unique as a fingerprint. Genetics(遗传学) obviously play a major role—no two faces share the same DNA.But even in identical twins, there are still small differences in their appearances. So what is it that makes each face different?
The answer lies in a small piece of your DNA called a “gene enhancer”， according to a study published in Science. “There are thousands of enhancers in the human genome，” study leader Axel Visel，a researcher with Berkeley Lab. US. told Discovery.
According to Visel, these DNA pieces act like switches, turning genes on and off and therefore determining whether a certain facial feature develops in a fetus(胎儿) while it is still in the womb(子宫)．
What’s interesting about gene enhancers is that they don’t have to be found anywhere close to the genes they affect. They are able to control their targets from far away, which makes them even more influential.
To test how powerful these special DNA pieces are in shaping the face，researchers deleted three of the gene enhancers in mice and compared them with normal mice at 8 weeks of age. The results showed that each enhancer deletion caused a distinct set of differences in the shape of the face—for example, causing an increase or decrease in facial length or width.
In fact, scientists first noticed the existence of gene enhancers long ago, but they called them “junk DNA” back then because they didn’t produce proteins and were thought to have no biological function. But now “it’s increasingly clear that important functions are embedded in this junk” Visel told New Scientist.
Understanding this may help scientists learn why and how things go wrong as a fetus develops, leading to facial birth defects(缺陷) such as cleft lips.Maybe gene enhancers also play a role.
【语篇解读】 为何每个人都长得不一样？文章介绍了科学家们争辩基因对于人们长相的影响的试验，解释了这一个问题。
1．What did Visel’s recent study uncover?
A．How gene enhancers help shape the appearance of the face.
B．How gene enhancers affect the growth of the fetus.
C．A new cure for facial birth defects.
D．The connection between gene enhancers and genetic mutations(变异)．
解析：选A。主旨大意题。本文主要回答的是其次段提出的问题：So what is it that makes each face different？争辩发觉，这主要是基因增加子的功劳，所以答案是A项。
2．What does the underlined word“embed” probably mean?
A．Root. B．Find.
C．Absorb. D．Research.
解析：选A。词义猜想题。依据上下文可知这句话的意思是：现在事实越来越清楚的显示出重要的功能就扎根于这种junk DNA中。embed和root的意思相近。故选A项。
3．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Gene Enhancers Affects Birth Defects
B．Facing Gene Enhancers
C．The Power of DNA Pieces
D．Gene Enhancers Determines Your Personalities
解析：选B。标题归纳题。依据文章大意，作者主要是想介绍gene enhancer和人类面貌不同之间的关系。所以较为合适的题目是B项。
B
(2022·湖南十三校高三第一次联考)Sometimes people call each other “freakedcat”， but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its bloodstream. Although the cat doesn’t realize this, its body is getting ready for action.If the danger continues, the animal will do one of two things. It will defend itself，or it will run away as fast as it can.
Something like this also happens to people. When we are excited，angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions (feelings), our bodies go through many physical changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too，get ready to defend ourselves or run.
Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face.If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger—or hit somebody—and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher，told somebody you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut?
It isn’t always clever to express your feelings freely.
Does this mean that it’s smarter always to hide our feelings? No! If you keep feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays tense. Physical illness can develop. It can actually be bad for your health.(It isn’t good to keep pleasant feelings inside either；all feelings need to be expressed.)
Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside don’t just go away.It’s as if you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard.You might not be able to see them，but before long you’d smell them.And if you opened the cupboard，chances are that you’d see little fruit flies flying all over them.They’d be rotten.
You can try to treat emotions as if they were bananas in the cupboard.You can hide them and you can pretend they don’t exist，but they’ll still be around.And at last you’ll have to deal with them，just like those bananas.
【语篇解读】 本文主要用一只猫引出话题。人类把好的心情或者坏的心情藏在心里对身体没有好处。全部的心情都需要表达。
4．The best title for this article is ________．
A．Emotions Affect Our Bodies
B．What Happens to A Frightened Cat
C．What Happens to An Excited Person
D．Feelings That People Have
解析：选A。本文主要介绍了心情对我们身体的影响。随时表露自己的真实情感并不合适，但是总是把不良心情压抑在心中害处更大。故本题选A项。
5．What does the word “freaked” mean in the first sentence?
A．Excited. B．Scared.
C．Angry. D．Shocked.
解析：选B。词义猜想题。从下文的When a cat is frightened，its heart starts beating faster，its muscles get tense，and there are changes in the chemicals in its bloodstream.可知，这是指一只可怕的猫的表现。
6．If you hold in your feelings，________．
A．gradually they’ll disappear
B．they won’t exist any more
C．they will fly all over
D．your body stays tense
解析：选D。细节理解题。从第五段的If you keep feelings of anger，sadness，and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside，your body stays tense.可知答案。
7．The author wrote this article in order to ________．
A．tell us that it isn’t good to keep feelings inside
B．give us some advice on how to express our feelings
C．make us face the problem that we have to deal with feelings
D．make us know that it isn’t always wise to express our feelings freely
解析：选A。推理推断题。文章的最终三段说的是不论好的心情还是坏的心情，都不能始终憋在心里，这样对身体很不好，也不是解决问题的方法。故A项为本题答案。
C
Have you ever heard of Florida pompano？It’s a flat, silvery fish and very delicious! In fact, people who know a lot about fish say it’s one of the besttasting kinds of fish in the world to eat. Maybe that’s one reason why it costs so much to buy pompano(鲳参鱼) at the fish market or at a restaurant.
Agricultural Research Service scientists in Florida are discovering many new and important secrets about this tasty fish. It lives in the warm waters off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
The scientists are studying pompano. Because they want fish farmers to be able to grow them in big tanks, somewhat the same way trout and catfish are grown in big outdoor ponds.
Raising pompano in big tanks inland could help everyone be sure that there will always be lots of wild pompano in the sea. People could buy them from the fish farm instead of mostly only being able to buy pompano caught from the sea.
Sometimes, if a fish is too popular, a problem called “overfishing” can happen. The fish could become harder and harder to find in the ocean. The fish might even disappear completely.
The trouble with pompano is that no one really knows very much about how to grow big, healthy pompano in big tanks at a fish farm.
That’s why scientists are trying to learn as much as they can about pompano. Maybe someday soon it will be easy to buy and eat pompano raised at fish farms, instead of pompano fished from the sea. When that happens, you may remember this story about these scientists who helped find out how to raise delicious pompano in a new，Earthfriendly way.
【语篇解读】 本文是关于鲳参鱼的人工养殖问题。
8．Pompano costs so much to buy maybe because ________．
A．it remains a secret for the scientists
B．it cannot be raised in big tanks inland
C．it’s the besttasting kinds of fish in the world
D．it lives warmly off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts
解析：选B。细节理解题。依据题干中“costs so much to buy”定位到第一段的最终一句。得知其中一个缘由可能是pompano是最好吃的鱼“之一”，可知C错。因此答案只能在后文，答案A、D都是文中的事实，但是却不是造成鱼贵的缘由。而无法进行人工养殖最有可能造成鱼贵，故B为最佳答案。其中D的干扰性可能比较大。
9．Paragraph 4 mainly tells us raising pompano at fish farms ________．
A．makes it easier to buy and eat the pompano
B．prevents people catching pompano from the sea
C．stops people buying pompano caught from the sea
D．helps make sure wild pompano will remain in the sea
解析：选D。段落大意题。本段主要说明人工养殖pompano的必要性，它可以便利人们购买，但最重要的是它可以避开因过度捕捞而灭亡。依据instead of可知后文才是重点，故A所描述的只是事实细节。
10．The word “overfishing” in paragraph 5 means ________．
A．过度捕捞 B．太受欢迎
C．完全消逝 D．难以搜寻
解析：选A。词义猜想题。思路1：依据a problem called overfishing可知overfishing是一种问题，它会导致鱼类大量削减，甚至彻底消逝。思路2：over表示比较程度差别关系是意为“超过，过度，太”：fish是捕鱼，人类的行为。
11．The best title of the passage may be “________”．
A．Pompano: the tasty fish
B．Secrets of the big fish
C．A challenge: growing the big fish
D．The way of raising the big fish
解析：选C。主旨大意题。综合全文可知从第三段起直到文章结束都在叙述这种鱼的人工养殖问题。
D
When it comes to artificial cloning，there are three different types：gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning.
Gene cloning produces copies of genes or segments of DNA.Reproductive cloning produces copies of whole animals. Therapeutic cloning produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues.
Gene cloning, also known as DNA cloning, is a very different process from reproductive and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive and therapeutic cloning share many of the same techniques, but are done for different purposes.
Gene cloning is a carefully regulated technique that is largely accepted today and used routinely in many labs worldwide. However，both reproductive and therapeutic cloning raise important ethical issues，especially as related to the potential use of these techniques in humans.
Reproductive cloning would present the potential of creating a human that is genetically identical to another person who has previously existed or who still exists. This may conflict with longstanding religious and societal values about human dignity，possibly infringing_upon principles of individual freedom, identity and independence. However，some argue that reproductive cloning could help sterile couples fulfill their dream of parenthood. Others see human cloning as a way to avoid passing on a damaging gene that runs in the family without having to undergo embryo screening or embryo selection.
Therapeutic cloning, while offering the potential for treating humans suffering from disease or injury, would require the destruction of human embryos in the test tube. Consequently, opponents argue that using this technique to collect embryonic stem cells is wrong，regardless of whether such cells are used to benefit sick or injured people.
【语篇解读】 本文叙述了克隆的分类，及其它们的不同点。一方面，由于其可能给人类社会造成的不确定的抑或是灾难性的后果，不少人视之为洪水猛兽而猛烈反对；而另一方面，又由于人类克隆技术可能给人类生活带来的奇怪前景，人们为它寄予了无限的期望。
12．According to the passage，therapeutic cloning is ________．
A．for the purpose of cloning the same cell
B．for the purpose of cloning the same animal
C．for the purpose of cloning the same person
D．for the purpose of medical treatment
解析：选D。细节理解题。依据最终一段Therapeutic cloning，while offering the potential for treating humans suffering from disease or injury，带有治疗医学疾病的目的。故选D。
13．The underlined phrase “infringing upon” in Paragraph 5 is close in meaning to the following words or phrases EXCEPT ________．
A．conflicting with B．violating
C．agreeing with D．breaking
解析：选C。词义猜想题。conflicting with相冲突；violating违反；agreeing with与……全都；breaking破坏；依据This may conflict with longstanding religious and societal values about human dignity，这里用的conflict with，则下句应与conflict with意思相反，选项C与conflict with意思相反，故选C。
14．We can infer from the passage that ________．
A．reproductive cloning will destruct human embryos in the test tube
B．therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning are still controversial
C．supporters of reproductive cloning think that it can offer the potential for treating humans suffering from diseases or injuries
D．opponents argue that using therapeutic cloning to collect embryonic stem cells is wrong
解析：选B。推理推断题。依据第五段some argue that reproductive cloning could help sterile couples fulfill their dream of parenthood. Others see human cloning as a way to avoid passing on a damaging gene that runs in the family without having to undergo embryo screening or embryo selection.可推知治疗性克隆和生殖克隆仍有争议，故选B。
15．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The impact of cloning.
B．The use of cloning technology.
C．The debate over cloning.
D．Types of artificial cloning and some related moral issues.
解析：选D。主旨大意题。依据第一段When it comes to artificial cloning，there are three different types：gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning.叙述了克隆的分类及其有关道德的争辩，故选D。
其次节(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2022·河北遵化一中月考)
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue，but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you，it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However，forgiveness is possible，and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness，anger and stress and more hopefulness，according to a recent research.
16．________ Try the following steps：
Calm yourself.17.________ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature，or someone you love.
Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. 18.________ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of focusing on your mounded feelings，learn to look for the love，beauty and kindness around you.
19．________ If you understand your offender，you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness，fear，and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself.20.________ But it can rob you of your selfconfidence if you don’t do it.
A．Why should you forgive?
B．How should you start to forgive?
C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
D．Try to see things from you offender’s angle.
E．For some people，forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F．To make your anger die away，try a simple stressmanagement technique.
G．If you wait for people to apologize，you could be waiting an awfully long time.
答案：16～20.BFGDE
其次部分 英语学问运用
[共两节，满分55分]
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A clone is an exact copy of a plant of animal __21__ from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they
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