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单元评估检测(二)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds.The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation.For example，if you’re writing about human living on a planet with zero gravity，then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body.
Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds.And you have to follow them.If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1，your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3.The issue here is maintaining your readers’trust.That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you.If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter，you will pull the readers out of their imagination.The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway.
Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail.You should decide the following issues: the history of the world，the geography，what possibilities it offers，how everything works in this new reality，and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think，feel，and react to things.You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter.But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on.This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing.
When you are writing，remember to make it feel real.You are inviting readers to visit a new world.They will want to be able to see，hear，feel，smell，and even taste what it’s like.Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet，help your readers feel like they’re actually there.
【解题导语】 很多人对科幻小说布满爱好，你是否想写科幻小说呢？
1．What’s the relationship between actual science and science fiction?
A．Science fiction promotes the development of actual science.
B．Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science.
C．Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction.
D．Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction.
解析：选D。推理推断题。从第一段的The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.即幻想世界事物产生的过程和方式基于现实科学，可知D项正确。
2．The second paragraph is mainly developed by________.
A．making comparisons
B．giving examples
C．following the time order
D．analyzing causes
解析：选B。文章结构题。其次段主要是通过举例的方式阐述了观点。
3．The target readers of the passage are________.
A．young scientists
B．science fiction writers
C．college students
D．professional journalists
解析：选B。推理推断题。文章多处毁灭其次人称，如The way things work in your imaginary worlds...，由此可推断出作者在与写科幻小说的人沟通。
4．The passage is mainly about________.
A．how to do scientific research
B．how to raise interest in science
C．what to expect from science fiction
D．how to write science fiction
解析：选D。主旨大意题。文章主要针对如何写好科幻小说提出了建议。
B
Kelly Reeves was getting ready for a trip when her phone slipped into a sink full of water.Panic moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on，but nothing worked.Her first reaction? She got dressed，drove to the nearest store，and bought a new mobile phone at full price.
A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness.About 66 percent of those surveyed suffer from nomophobia or “no mobile phone phobia”．Interestingly，more women worry about losing their phone than men.
Fortunately，there’s a solution.
The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia.Checking your phone too often is one thing，but the true sign of a problem is that you can’t conduct business or go about your routine when the fear becomes so severe.
Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That’s another sign of a problem.If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour，or a total of an hour per day，there may be a problem.
Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks：leaving the phone behind and not checking email or text messages，and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety.Even if this leads to a high level of worry and stress，the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal with not having your phone.
Of course，there are also technological alternatives.Luis Levy，a cofounder at Novy PR，says he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone.To find it，he can just go to a website and see the phone’s location.
He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion.The company’s description of its product reads like a prescription for anxiety：“60 million phones are lost，stolen or damaged each year.You’ll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect with family，friends and work，as soon as the very next day！”
【解题导语】 手机已成了我们的生活必需品，一旦手机丢失或忘了带，我们就会焦虑担忧，这在心理学上叫做“无手机焦虑症”。文章向我们介绍了无手机焦虑症的治疗方法。
5．Why does the author mention Kelly’s experience in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic for discussion.
B．To inform us that mobile phones are useful.
C．To warn us that we should be careful.
D．To tell us we should get phones ready for a trip.
解析：选A。推理推断题。由文章的结构可以看出，第一段所举的例子是为了引出话题：无手机焦虑症。
6．The underlined word “nomophobia” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．
A．habits of using mobile phones
B．fear of losing mobile phones
C．eagerness for new mobile phones
D．independence of mobile phones
解析：选B。词义猜想题。由画线词前后的“fear of losing your phone is a common illness”“more women worry about losing their phone than men”可推知，该词的意思是：无手机焦虑症。
7．Why can the service called Asurion help to treat nomophobia?
A．It lets you know other people also lose their phones.
B．It will give you a new phone through insurance.
C．It enables you to reconnect with your acquaintances.
D．It gives you a prescription to treat nomophobia.
解析：选C。细节理解题。最终一段引号内的内容是对Asurion服务的描述，由此我们了解到，该服务能让你感到踏实并知道你的手机是平安的，确保你其次天能快速联系你的家人、伴侣、工作单位，由此可知C项符合题意。
8．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Attitude toward mobile phones.
B．New mobile phone technology.
C．Disadvantages of mobile phones.
D．Solutions to nomophobia.
解析：选D。主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，文章在引出了话题：无手机焦虑症后，重点介绍了治疗该症的方法，由此可知答案为D项。
C
Claude Sammut，a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of New South Wales in Australia，said it would soon be possible for robots to defeat the stars of the future.
For many years，Mr.Sammut has been a member of a project called RoboCup，where robots have been programmed to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match.
As he explains，the robots are having difficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on their own，but he is still full of confidence that one day in the future they will show the same skills as Wayne Rooney，who is one of the best football players in the world.
Mr.Sammut also said，“In 1968，John McCarthy and Donald Michie made a bet with David Levy，who was then the chess champion in Scotland，that within 10 years a computer program would be able to beat him.It took a little bit longer than 10 years(nearly 30 years) but eventually such programs came into being.”
“In the same spirit of a grand challenge，RoboCup aims to develop a team of robots that can defeat the world soccer champion team by the year 2050.To achieve this，or come even closer to the ambition，the robots will have to be able to sense and act in completely unstructured environments.This will require major advances in perception (感知)，decisionmaking，learning，and cooperative behaviors.Considering robots are integrated hardware and software systems，great advances will also be needed in sensors (传感器)，energy storage，and materials.”
【解题导语】 你信任机器人的球技有一天会超过人类吗？科学家猜想在2050年，人类最好的足球队将被机器人战胜。
9．The RoboCup is aimed to develop robots that know how to ________.
A．play computer football games
B．play football and win in real matches
C．understand the rules of the football game
D．improve the skills of real football players
解析：选B。细节理解题。依据其次段．..where robots have been programmed to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match.即始终在设计着使机器人学会踢足球并在足球赛中与对手竞赛，可知B项符合语境。
10．What kind of difficulty are the robots facing in playing football?
A．They can’t run as fast as real people.
B．They can’t recognize their partners accurately.
C．They can’t control the ball well by themselves.
D．They can’t pass the ball to their partners.
解析：选C。细节理解题。依据第三段．..the robots are having difficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on their own...可知应选C。
11．We can conclude from Mr.Sammut’s words that________.
A．many parts of robots still need improving
B．robots would be smarter than human beings in the
near future
C．robots have more ambitions than human beings
D．robots would take control of the world
解析：选A。推理推断题。依据最终一段Mr.Sammut的那些话可以推断，机器人的很多部件还需要改进。
12．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．Scientists’ Wisdom in Designing Robot Football
Players
B．Robot Football Players to Beat World’s Best by 2050
C．Robot Football Players’Bright Future
D．Mr Sammut—the Father of Robot Football Players
解析：选B。主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是科学家猜想机器人足球队在2050年左右会战胜人类最好的足球队，故B项能体现本文的大意。
D
Superfast doubledecker (双层) trains will be taking passengers from London to six big cities in the UK by 2033.The first phase (阶段) linking London to the West Midlands with a connection to HS1 is expected to open in 2026，and the second phase to Manchester and Leeds in 2032.
The government set out plans for the highspeed rail network in 2022.When the project is finished，it will take less time to get to London from major cities like Birmingham，Manchester and Leeds.Traveling at speeds of up to 250mph，passengers will be able to come and go from Birmingham to London in 49 minutes，reducing the journey time by almost half from one hour and 24 minutes.
A journey from Birmingham to Leeds will be reduced from two hours to 57 minutes and a journey from Manchester to London will be reduced from two hours and 8 minutes to one hour and 8 minutes.
“HS2 is an important part of transport’s lowcarbon future，” Transport Secretary Justine Greening said.Some people aren’t happy about the plans，though.HS2 will cost around ￡33 billion.It will also be built near some towns and villages，disturbing the people that live there.
But Chancellor (财政大臣) George Osborne thinks it will help build the future for Britain.“It’s a longterm decision，” he said.
HS2 is designed for everything around the needs of the passenger.It will provide a new and exciting travel experience.There will be plenty of room，intelligent ticketing，a good service and high quality comfort and access to trains.This is a transport network for the new century and beyond.
【解题导语】 英国政府打算修建HS2高铁，连接伦敦、伯明翰及北部城市。从2026年起，英国铁路的载客人数和运行速度将获得大幅提升。这一工程将历时20年之久，也就是说将来的高铁正在一步一步走入人们的视线。
13．What’s the UK’s plan according to the passage?
A．To buy some doubledecker trains.
B．To take passengers to Manchester from London.
C．To build a highspeed train network.
D．To collect ￡ 33 billion for the highspeed train network.
解析：选C。细节理解题。依据第一段的描述和其次段的第一句可知英国政府方案修建高铁。故C项正确。A、B选项是这项方案的一部分；D项叙述错误。
14．What cannot be inferred from what Justine Greening and George Osborne said?
A．HS2 is more important than HS1.
B．Not all British people are happy about the plan.
C．The British will benefit from the project in the future.
D．The ￡33 billion will not be enough for the plan.
解析：选A。推理推断题。A项说其次阶段比第一阶段重要，这一说法在文中找不到支持的证据。依据第四段中Some people aren’t happy about the plans可知并非全部英国人都对这项方案感到兴奋，故B项可以推断出来；依据第五段中it will help build the future for Britain也可推出C项正确；依据第四段中HS2 will cost around ￡33 billion可知这仅是该方案的其次个阶段的费用，而该方案共有两个阶段，所以可得出￡33 billion对整个方案来说是不够的。
15．The passage is most probably taken from________.
A．a novel B．a geography book
C．a personal diary D．a newspaper
解析：选D。推理推断题。文章主要向读者说明白英国政府建筑高铁的方案，这很可能是一则新闻，故这篇文章最有可能在报纸上看到。
其次节(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For more than six million American children，coming home after school means coming to an empty house.__16__Some may hide.But all of them have something in common.They spend part of each day alone.They are called latchkey children.They’re children who look after themselves while their parents work.__17__
Lynette Long was once the headmaster of an elementary school.She said，“We had a school rule against wearing jewelry.A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys attached.I was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts.There were so many keys.It never came to my mind what they meant.”__18__
She and her husband began talking to the children who had them.They learned of the impact working couples and single parents were having on their children.__19__One in every three latchkey children the Longs talked to reported being scared.Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety.
The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding.__20__The second is TV.They’ll often play it at high volume.It’s hard to get statistics(统计)on latchkey children，the Longs learned.Most parents are slow to admit they leave their children alone.
A．Slowly，she learned they were house keys.
B．But they don’t mind.
C．Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone.
D．Some deal with the situation by watching TV.
E．Some go to their friends or their relatives.
F．And their bad condition has become a subject of concern.
G．It might be in a shower stall，under a bed or in a closet.
答案：16～20.DFACG
其次部分：英语学问运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The concept of solitude (独处)in the digital world is almost nonexistent.In the world of digital technology，email，social networking and online video games，information is meant to be__21__.Solitude can be hard to discover __22__it has been given up.In this respect，new technologies have __23__our culture.
The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n)__24__as we’ve known it.People have become so __25__in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted __26__they’d rather not be.Today we can talk，text，email，chat and blog(写博客)，not only from our __27__but from our mobile phones as well.
Most developed nations have become__28__on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it，and at this point not__29__it would make them an outsider.__30__，many jobs and careers require people to be__31__.From this point of view，technology has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a__32__to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who__33__wants it.Computers can be shut__34__and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many __35__，as well as disadvantages.Travelers hav
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