2021年高考英语“单项选择”提分训练：动词和动词短语-2013年.docx

动词和动词短语
1. (2021•安徽卷•T22)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ____a book about it.
A. on B. at C. for D. to
【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意:你参观名胜之前,要在当地图书馆查找一本关于它的书。look for查找;look on看待,旁观;look at看;look to朝……看去,留神。
2.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·T8) (2021·大纲版全国卷·T28)The watch was very good,and he　　　　 20 percent down for it.
A.paid B.cost C.bought D.spent
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意:这块表很好,他打八折买的。pay +money +for sth.为某物付多少钱;cost表示“花费”时,主语是物不是人;buy sb.sth./buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物;spend +money+on sth./in doing sth.在某物上花多少钱。故选A。
3.(2021·浙江卷·T9)When the group discussion is nearing its end,make sure to_____ it with important points.
A.conclude B.lead C.avoid D.hold
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:当小组争辩接近尾声时,确定要以重点而结束。conclude结束;lead指导,指引;avoid避开;hold抓住,握住。故选A。
4.(2021·浙江卷·T17)Bears　　　fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A.pack up B.build up
C.bring up D.take up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语用法。句意:熊在整个夏天和秋天积蓄脂肪以度过冬眠期。pack up停止,收工;build up渐渐增加;bring up抚养,使……长大;take up开头从事,占据(时间、空间等)。故选B。
5.(2021·辽宁卷·T32)Briggs will　　　as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A.get away B.take over
C.set off D.run out
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:Mitchell退休后Briggs将接替她任总经理。A项表示离开,脱身,逃掉;B项表示接替,接管;C项表示动身,动身;D项表示用光,用完。
6.(2021·天津卷·T2)If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to　　　a hand.
A.lend　　B.shake　　C.wave　　D.want
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:假如你有困难,迈克总是情愿伸出援手来帮你。lend借;shake摇动;wave挥手;want想。lend a hand帮忙。
7.(2021·天津卷·T8)I had hoped to take a holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to　　　.
A.get away B.drop in
C.check out D.hold on
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我原本期望今年去度假的,但是我没能休假。A项离开,逃脱,休假;B项(顺便)访问;C项检查,结账离开;D项坚持,别挂断。依据句意选A。
8.(2021·江西卷·T27)Mother always complains that children　　　their shoes very quickly.
A.find out B.wash out C.wear out D.set out
【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:母亲总是埋怨孩子们把鞋穿破得太快了。A项意为“找出,查明”;B项意为“洗洁净,洗掉”;C项意为“穿破”;D项意为“动身,动身”。
9.(2021·福建卷·T28)Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks_______in disasters.
A.turn down B.turn out
C.break down D.break out
【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:当无线网络在灾难中出故障的时候,老式手机就派上用场了。break down(机器等)坏了,出毛病了,(人)身体垮了,失败,分解;turn down(将音量等)调低,拒绝;turn out结果是,证明是;break out爆发,突然发生。
10.(2021·福建卷·T24)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ______spending quite a lot of time with students.
A.enjoys B.involves
C.practices D.suggests
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:米歇尔找到了一份作为中学老师的工作,这份工作涉及要和同学一起度过很多时间。involve包含,涉及;enjoy享受,宠爱;practice练习;suggest建议,示意。
11.(2021·安徽卷·T26)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they　　　　on their life journey.
A. give up B. settle down
C. get through D. set off
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:传统上认为,高校生进行毕业典礼是为了在他们开头生活之旅之前为自己加油助威。set off动身,动身;give up放弃;settle down定居,安静下来,认真于;get through完成,接通(电话等)。
12.(2021·湖北卷·T23)While intelligent people can often　　　the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A.sacrifice 　B.substitute　 C.simplify 　D.survive
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:智者经常能够简化简洁的问题,而愚人更可能把简洁的事情简洁化。A项“牺牲”;B项“替代,顶替”;C项“简化”;D项“幸存下来”。依据句意可知选C项。
13.(2021·湖北卷·T24)According to the law, all foreigners have to　　　with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A.associate B.dispute C.negotiate D.register
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:依据法律,全部的外国人在到达后的两周内必需到当地的警察局注册登记。A项“联系,结交”;B项“争辩”;C项“谈判”;D项“登记,注册”。依据句意可知选D项。
14.(2021·湖北卷·T25)Butterflies　　　a sweet liquid produced by flowers,which bees and other insects collect.
A.carry on B.feed on C.put on D.focus on
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:蝴蝶食用花朵分泌的甜汁,这是蜜蜂和其他昆虫采集的东西。A项“连续,坚持”;B项“以……为主食”;C项“穿上,上演”;D项“聚焦,集中”。依据句意可知选B项。
15.(2021·湖北卷·T26)In much of the animal world, night is the time　　　for sleep—pure and simple.
A.set aside B.set down
C.set off D.set up
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:在动物世界里,夜晚是特地留出睡觉的时间——纯粹而简洁。A项“(特地)留出,拨出”;B项“写下,登记”;C项“动身,动身,引起,引爆”;D项“建立”。依据句意可知选A项。
16.(2021·江西卷·T31)She　　　the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.
A.connected B.fitted C.equipped D.matched
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:在颜色上,她把地毯和好看的窗帘搭配起来。A项意为“联系,连接”;B项意为“安装”;C项意为“装备”;D项意为“相称,搭配”。依据句意,选D。
17.(2021·江苏卷·T23)—The town is so beautiful!I just love it.
—Me too.The character of the town is well　　　.
A.qualified B.preserved C.decorated D.simplified
【解析】选B。考查动词。句意:——这个城镇真美!我很宠爱。——我也一样。这个城镇的特色保持得很好。A项“有资格,合格”;B项“疼惜,保持,腌制”;C项“装饰”;D项“使简化”。
18.(2021·江苏卷·T29)Team leaders must ensure that all members　　　their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A.get over B.look over C.take over D.come over
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:团队领导应当确保全部成员克服他们的想避开因犯错而产生尴尬的天性。A项“克服,解决”;B项“查看,检查”;C项“接管,接任”;D项“过来,顺便来访,转变立场”。
19.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅰ·T23)Try not to cough more than you can　　　　since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A.check B.allow C.stop D.help
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意:尽量能把握咳嗽就别咳嗽,由于会伤到肺。check检查;allow允许;stop停止;help挂念。can help(doing)sth.表示“阻挡或避开(做)某事”。
20.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅰ·T30)At the last moment,Tom decided to　　　　a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A.put up B.put in C.put on D.put off
【解析】选B。考查动词短语。句意:在最终一刻,汤姆打算添加一个新的角色以使故事感觉更真实。put up举起,建立;put in加入,放入;put on穿上,上演;put off推迟。
21.(2021·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·T2) (2021·大纲版全国卷·T22)Would you like to______ with us to the film tonight?
A.come along B.come off
C.come across D.come through
【解析】选A。考查come动词短语。句意:今晚你情愿和我们一起去看电影吗?come along一起来,毁灭,进展,赶快;come off实现,进行;come across被理解,偶然遇到;come through传出,恢复。
22.(2021·陕西卷·T25)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has　　　　.
A.cut out B.cut down
C.cut up D.cut off
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我叔叔始终没能把烟戒掉,但是至少他抽烟少了。cut out停止运转,删去;cut down砍倒,缩减;cut up切碎;cut off切断,切除。依据句意,应选B。