2021年高考英语拉分题专项训练(必修四)-专题19-Body-language(知识部分).docx

必修4 Unit 4 Body language【重点词汇】1.represent: vt. 代表；象征;描绘； Thisis notabouthope,butaboutvisionandwhat yourepresent.这不是关于期望，而是关于远见卓识和你们所代表的一切。My only aim is to represent the United States at the Olympics我惟一的目标就是代表美国参与奥运会。New York represents everything thats great about America.纽约象征着美国宏大的一切。The popular press tends to represent him as an environmental guru.大众媒体倾向于把他描绘成环保领袖。2. approach ：n. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；着手处理vi. 靠近He didnt approach the front door at once.他没有马上走近前门。When I approached, they grew silent.当我走近时，他们变得缄默了。At their approach the little boy ran away and hid.当他们走近时，那个小男孩跑开了并藏了起来We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.我们将探究收集信息的不同方法。3. defend: vt. 辩护；防护vi. 保卫；防守His courage in defending religious and civil rights inspired many outside the church.他捍卫宗教权和公民权的士气鼓舞了很多非教会人士。He has hired a lawyer to defend him against the allegation.他已聘请一位律师为他所受的指控辩护Ourdutyistodefendthecountryagainst itsenemies.我们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人侵害。4. major: adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的；较多的n. 主修科目；陆军少校vi. 主修Drug abuse has long been a major problem for the authorities there.毒品滥用长期以来始终是那里的当局的一大难题。I was a major in the war, you know.你知道，我在那场战斗期间是个少校。English majors would be asked to explore the roots of language.英语专业的同学会被要求探究语言的根源。He majored in finance at Claremont Mens College in California.他在加利福尼亚州的克莱尔蒙特男子高校主修金融。5. dash n.冲撞vt. 猛撞；vi. 猛冲；撞击Suddenly she dashed down to the cellar.她猛地朝地窖冲过去。.a 160-mile dash to the hospital.飞奔160英里赶向医院。Oh, Tim! Im sorry but I have to dash.噢，蒂姆！很愧疚，但我得抓紧走了。She seized the doll and dashed it against the stone wall with tremendous force.她抓起洋娃娃，用劲往石墙上摔。6. function: n. 功能；职责； vi. 运转 运行；活动；行使职责The main function of the investment banks is to raise capital for industry.各投资银行的主要作用是为产业筹集资金。The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally.当局称该监狱现在在正常运转。On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace.在工作日，这个房间的三分之一充当工作场所。Themachinedoesntfunction.那机器不能运行了。Herpostshould be determinedonly byherfunctioninthecompany.她的职位视其在公司的作用而定。7. simply : adv. 简洁地；仅仅；简直；Imsimplyroasting in thisfurovercoat.我穿着这件皮外套简直快热死了。Mostoftheseproblemswontsimplydissolve.大多数这些问题不会简洁地解决。Ifanyonethinkshecandraftmoresimply,I advisehimtotryhis hand.假如有人认为他能把草稿拟得更简洁一点，请他来试试看。【重点短语】1.defendagainst防备；保卫以免受He has hired a lawyer to defend him against the allegation.他已聘请一位律师为他所受的指控辩护Ourdutyistodefendthecountryagainst itsenemies.我们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人侵害。2.be likely to很可能；有期望Ifyougallopthroughyourwork,youaremorelikelytomake mistakes.假如你匆忙完成你的工作，你就更可能出错了。In the meantime the war of nerves seems likely to continue.同时心理战好像很有可能要连续下去。The train islikelytobelate. 这趟火车很可能晚点。He is not likely to get the job.他无望得到这份工作了3.in general总的来说；通常Shes disillusioned with life in general.她对生活各方面均不抱幻想了。In general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful.总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了。In general, people dont like to be made fun of.大体上讲，人们都不宠爱被戏弄。The old couple are now quite at ease as their son is out of danger4.at ease:舒适；欢快；自由拘束 The old couple are now quite at ease as their son is out of danger这一对老夫妻现在可安心了，由于他们的儿子已经脱离危急。I will feel moreateasewhen you put down your gun. 你放下手枪时我会比较安心。Reggie was veryatease, a lovely man. 雷吉是个很拘束很可爱的人。With good social security，the aged can live at ease 有好的社会保障，老年人都过得很安逸。 Her promise of support set my mind at ease 她答应支持我，就使我放心了。5. lose face 丢脸，丢人Youll lose face if you dont keep your promise. 你假如没有遵守诺言，会丢脸的。When Tom failed to beat his opponent, he felt he had lost face with his friends. 汤姆没能战胜对手，这让他在伴侣面前很丢脸【重点句型】1.I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.我观看几个年轻人走进了等候区，奇异地向四周张望。【考点】looking around是现在分词作伴随状语。伴随状语的特点它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报纸。All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。【考点】这个句子是由一个中心词组not .nor .连接起来的，意为“既不也不”。部分否定通常由not+ all/both/each/everybody/everything等来表达。并不总是用这种方式表达部分否定，有时也以一般否定句的形式毁灭，即把否定主语的not与谓语动词放在一起。Not every Welshman speaks Welsh. 并不是每个威尔士人都说威尔士语。All is not gold that glisters. 发光的并不都是金子。若要表示全部否定，则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。all none （一个人也没有、没有任何东西）；both neither （两个都不）;every no(没有，不是）；everyone no one(没有人);everything nothing(什么也没有)等。I like neither of the books. 这两本书我都不宠爱。3.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defense.她向后退着，看上去很吃惊，举起双手好像在防备。【考点】as if 引导从句He cleared his throat，as if to speak .他清了清嗓子，好像要说话。as if in defence是省略句式。在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，假如从句的主语和主句的主语全都，且谓语动词含有动词be,或者从句中主语是it时,通常把从句中的主语和谓语动词be省略。Look out for cars when crossing the street.过街时留意车辆。If not well managed, it can be harmful.假如管理不善，这很可能有害处。She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.尽管身体还很不好她仍格外努力地工作。4.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.（Page 26）第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，紧随其后的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。【考点】 the first+名词+to do第一个做,动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或者代词的后面。(2)有很多名词常可用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。(3)假如不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。Give me a piece of paper to write on.给我一张纸写字。 (4)当名词被first，second, last.以及形容词的最高级或者only等修饰时，其后可用不定式作定语。He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最好人选。(5)不定式作定语一般表示将来。He has much work to do.他有很多工作要做。(6)作定语的不定式和被修饰词是动宾关系，但假如是由句子的主语或者句子中另一个名词或者代词发出时，则要用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。【重点语法】动词-ing形式作定语和状语I.ing 形式作定语1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在规律上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；假如与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈规律上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。如：a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人”，主动的或正在进行的动作。如：a moving film, a developing country.II. ing 形式作状语动词-ing形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的，经常可以做时间、缘由、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句。句子的主语必需是状语的规律主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈规律上的主谓关系。1.缘由状语，相当于缘由状语从句。1).Being ill, she didnt go to school today.由于生病，她今日没上学去。2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.观看没有人在家，我打算再来一趟。2. 时间状语，相当于when, while等引导的从句。1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.当听到这个好消息时，他兴奋地跳了起来。2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.当我走在街上时，我看到了我的伴侣。假如分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在分词短语前加上when或while。3).Be careful when crossing the street.过街时当心。3. 伴随状语，与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。1).He sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁看中国日报。2).Talking and smiling, they went into the room.他们又说又笑地走进房间。4. 结果状语。1).The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.母亲去世了，给她的孩子留下了一大笔钱。5. 条件状语。Turning right, you will find the place you want.往右转弯，你就会找到你要找的地方了。III.现在分词短语作状语时，它的规律主语一般须与句子的主语全都。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。1).Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see our beautiful school.从山顶望下去，我们就能看到我们秀丽的学校。但有时它也可以有自己独立的规律主语，独立主语=规律主语+现在分词表示伴随，时间、缘由，条件。2).Many people being absent, they decided to put the meeting off.由于很多人都缺席了，他们打算取消这次会议。IV. 现在分词的否定形式。现在分词的否定式:not+ v.ing完成式的否定式:not+ having doneNot having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.由于很久没有收到儿子的来信，这位母亲很担忧。V. 现在分词的时态和语态的用法。1). 分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行时，则用分词的一般式形式。He walked on the street, seeing back from time to time.他走在街上，不时地向身后看看2). 假如分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则用分词的完成式形式。Having finished his work, Henry went home.完成了他的工作后，亨利回家了。