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英语八大时态整理
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一、 时态
1. 一般现在时
(1) 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
(2) 基本结构:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词要加上s/es)
(3) 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),
once a week, on Sundays
(4) 用法:
①经常性、习惯性动作。
例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。)
②客观事实和普遍真理。
例:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
③表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)
How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)
(5)否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
(6)一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
练习(exercises):
1.I _____ to school at 7 every morning.
A. go B.went C.goes D.gone
2. Action ________(speak) louder than words.(事实胜于雄辩。)
3. The meeting ________(begin) at 9 o’clock this morning.
2.一般过去时
(1) 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
(2) 基本结构:含有be动词,主语+was/were+......
不含有be动词,主语+动词过去式+......
(3) 时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in
1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
(4) 用法:
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
例:We visited a middle school yesterday. (我们昨天参观了一所初中。)
②表示过去习惯性动作。
例:She often came to help us in those days. (那时她经常来帮助我们。)
特殊用法:
由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时,意为过去常常。
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上。)
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)
有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)
Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)
(5)否定形式:带be:主语+was/were not+动词原形+......
不带be:主语+didn't+动词原形+......
(6)一般疑问句:含be动词,was或were放于句首;
不含be动词,用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词原形。
练习(exercises):
1. At that time she _____(is) very good at English.
2. He _____(run) across the road after school yesterday.
3. 现在进行时
(1) 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
(2) 基本结构:Be动词、am/is/are+doing
(3) 时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
(4) 用法:
①表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。
例:She is now teaching in a middle school. (她现在在一所初中教书。)
②表示说话时正在进行的动作。
例:--What are you doing?
--I am writing a letter. (我正在写信。)
(5) 否定形式:be动词、am/is/are+not+doing.
(6) 一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
练习(exercises):
1. Hurry up! We __________(wait) for you. (快点!我们在等你。)
2. He __________(work) in a factory these days.
4. 过去进行时
(1) 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
(2) 基本结构:was/were + doing
(3) 时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
(4) 用法:
①表示过去某时正在发生或进行的动作。
例:When I came home yesterday, they were having dinner.(昨晚我回家的时候他们在吃晚饭。)
②表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
例:They were building a bridge last winter.(他们去年冬天在建一座桥。)
(5) 否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
(6) 一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
练习(exercises):
1. Mary __________(do) her homework at 7 p.m. yesterday.
2. She __________(clean) the house the whole afternoon yesterday. (她昨天整个下午都在打扫房子。)
5. 现在完成时
(1) 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
(2) 基本结构:have/has + done
(3) 时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
(4) 用法:
①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例:I have already finished my breakfast. (我已经吃完早饭了。)
②表示发生在过去但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。
例:John has broken his left leg. (约翰摔断了他的左腿。)
③表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并有可能会持续下去。通常要与表示一段时间的状语连用,如since+过去时间点,for+一段时间,by+现在时间等。
例:He has lived here since 1960. (他从1960年开始就住在这儿了)
(5) 否定形式:have/has + not + done.
(6) 一般疑问句:have或has提前。
练习(exercises):
1. I bought a new house, but I ______ my old one yet.
A. didn’t sell B.sold C.haven’t sold D.would sell
2. She __________(find) her lost pen.
3. He __________(live) here for 10 years.
6. 过去完成时
(1) 概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
(2) 基本结构:had + done.
(3) 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time...,etc.
(4) 用法:
①表示一个动作或状态在过去某个时间以前已经完成或结束。
例:I had written the article when they came.(在他们来之前我已经写完文章了。)
②表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且到那时还未结束,仍有继续下去的可能性。
例:By six o’clock they had worked 12 hours.(到六点为止他们已经工作了12小时了。)
(5) 否定形式:had + not + done.
(6) 一般疑问句:had放于句首。
练习(exercises):
1. Until then, his father ______ from him for six months.
A. didn’t hear B.hasn’t heard C.hasn’t been hearing D.hadn’t heard
2. Tom hurried back home, but his mother ________(die).
7. 一般将来时
(1) 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
(2) 基本结构:am/is/are + going to + do;will/shall + do.
(3) 时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes,
by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
(4) 用法:
①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
例:I will send her a pencil case as a birthday gift.(我将要送她一个笔袋当作生日礼物。)
②表示打算、计划或准备做某事。
例:I am going to visit my aunt.(我打算去看我的阿姨。)
△It is going to rain tomorrow.(明天要下雨了。)
特殊用法:
有些动词,如:arrive, come, go, leave, start等表示位置转移的动词,可以用现在进行体表示计划、安排即将发生的动作或最近即将发生的动作。
例:We are leaving on Friday.(我们将在周五离开。)
I am going for a walk.(我要去散步了。)
表示“即将”、“正要”时,可用be about to do,强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don’t worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)
Be to do 也可用来表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
例:I am to have tea with my friend this afternoon.(今天下午我要跟朋友去喝茶。)
(5) 否定形式:am/is/are + not+going to; 在行为动词前加will/shall(will适用于所有人称,
shall只用于第一人称)
(6) 一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
练习(exercises):
1. We ___________(go) out to play basketball tomorrow.
2. The rain __________(stop) this afternoon.
8. 过去将来时
(1) 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
(2) 基本结构:was/were + going to + do;would/should + do.
(3) 时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
(4) 用法:
表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.(他说他第二天要去北京。)
I asked who was going there. (我问谁要去那儿。)
(5) 否定形式:was/were + not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
(6) 一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
练习(exercises):
1. I said on Thursday I __________(see) my friend the next day.
我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。
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