1、环境专业英语词汇对照表精品文档环境专业英语词汇对照表收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 APPENDIX Selected English Words and Expressions for Environmental SubjectAabacterial 无菌的abatement 减少,减小,取消,消除abnormal blooming of plankton 浮游生物异常繁殖absolute alcohol 无水酒精absolute temperature 绝对温度absorb 吸收absorbent 吸收剂;吸收性的absorption 吸收abundant precipitation
2、 过量降水abysmal deposit 深海沉积物accelerator 加速澄清池,机械澄清池,加速器access 接近,(出)入口,使用或接近的方法、机会或门路,捷径accessory 附件,附属品accidental error 偶然误差acclimate 服水土,适应环境,适应气候acclimatization 驯化,(对环境条件的)适应accommodate 使适应,调节,接纳,容纳,供应,提供acetic acid 醋酸acetone 丙酮acetylene 乙炔acid fog 酸雾acidify 酸化(作用)acidity 酸度,酸性acid-proof material 耐
3、酸材料acoustic construction 隔声构造acoustic fatigue 声致疲劳acquisition 获得,取得,采集acrid 辛辣的,腐蚀性的act 法规,法案,条例,行为,动作activated biofilter 活性生物滤池activated carbon 活性碳activated silica 活性硅土activated sludge 活性污泥activation 活化,激活active chlorine 活性氯activity 活性,活度,放射性,功率adaptable species 适应性强的物种adaptation 适应,匹配,采用,改编(本),修改,
4、适应性,适应力additive 附加物,添加剂;加成的adherence 粘附adhesion 粘附力adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adjustment 调节,调准,控制,安装admixture 掺合物,杂质adsorbate 被吸附物,吸附质adsorbent 吸附剂;吸附的adsorber 吸附器,吸附剂adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线advanced treatment 高级处理,深度处理aerated contact bed (submerged contact aerator) 曝气接触床(淹没式接触曝气池)aerated lagoon 曝气氧化渠ae
5、rated spiral-flow grit channel 曝气螺旋流沉砂槽aeration 曝气aeration blower 曝气鼓风机aerobic 好氧的,好气的,需氧的,有氧的aerobic biological treatment process 好氧生物处理法,需氧生物处理法aerobic decomposition 好氧分解,需氧分解aerosol 气溶胶aesthetically 从审美角度看affinity 亲和力,亲和势affluent 支流afforestation 造林(计划),绿化after burner 火舌燃烧炉,后燃烧装置,补燃器agar 琼脂 agglom
6、erate 使聚集,使成团aggressive pathogen 侵袭性病原体air compressor 空压机,压气机air conditioner 空调器air gauge 气压计air hammer 气压锤air header 空气干管air inflow 进气量air intake 进气孔air mass 气团air polluntant emission inventory 空气污染物排放清单air pollution surveillance 空气污染监视air release valve 放气阀,释压阀air relief installation 排气设备air sparge
7、r 曝气器air stripping 气提airborne 空气中的,空降的,空运的airborne pathongenic organism 空气致病生物体air-lift pump 空气升水泵,气提泵airview 鸟瞰,鸟瞰图alcohol 乙醇,酒精aldehyde 醛algae 藻类algal bloom 水藻繁盛alignment 成直线,调准,准线,直线性,结盟,联合alkali consumption 碱消耗(量)alkali earth 碱土alkaline 碱性的alkalinity 碱度alkalization 碱化alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS
8、) 烷基苯磺酸盐alluvial deposit 冲积物,冲积层alum 矾,明矾aluminate 铝酸盐aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝ambient air quality standard 环境空气质量标准ambient noise 环境噪声amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonia nitrogen 氨氮ammonia stripping 氨的气提,气提法除氨ammonification 氨化作用,加氨ammonium 铵amphoteric ion exchange resin 两性离子交换树脂anabolism 合成代谢,组成代谢 anaerobic 厌氧的
9、,厌气的,无溶解氧的anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process厌氧-缺氧-好氧法analysis of variance 方差分析analytical balance 分析天平anemometer 风力计,风速计anemoscope 风向仪anhydrous 无水的animal community 动物群落anion 阴离子,负离子anionic surface active agent 阴离子表面活性剂annual depreciation 年折旧annual precipitation 年降水量anode 阳极,正极anodize 阳极氧化,阳极处理anoxic 缺氧的an
10、tagonism 对抗(作用),拮抗(作用)antibiotics 抗菌素,抗生素antifreezing agent 防冻剂aperture 孔径,隙缝,小孔apparatus 仪器,装置apparent activation energy 表观活化能appreciable 明显的,相当可观的appurtenance (常用pl. ) 附属物,设备,配件,附属建筑,附属装置aquatic 水的,水生的,水上的aquatic habitat 水生环境aquatic community 水生群落aquatic life 水生生物aqueduct 水道,渠,导水管aqueous 水的aqueous
11、 ammonia 氨水aqueous solution 水溶液aquifer 蓄水层,(地下)含水层,含水地层arbitrary 独裁的,专制的,专横的,任意的,随机的,独立的aromatic 芳香的,芳烃的;芳香剂arsenic 砷artery 动脉,运输线artifical wetland (constructed wetland )人工湿地(系统)artificial fibres 人造纤维asbestos 石棉ascending velocity 上升速度ash content 灰分ash conveyer 灰渣输送带ash handling equipment 除尘设备asphyxi
12、ate 使(人)窒息、闷死aspiration 吸气,吸入,吸出,愿望,渴望,志向aspiration ventilation 排气通风(法)assay 分析,化验assembly 装配,组合;机组assimilate 同化,吸收assimilative respiration 同化呼吸associated mineral 伴生矿物atmospheric dispersion 大气弥散,大气分散atmospheric emission 大气排放物atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收分光光度测定法atomic fluorescence spectrop
13、hotometry 原子荧光光谱atomization 喷雾,喷雾法,雾化attenuation 衰减,减弱,减轻,减少,减小attraction 引力,吸引attrition 磨损, 损耗autoclave 高压锅,高压釜automatic flushback 自动反冲洗automatic valveless gravity filter 自动无阀重力流滤池,无阀滤池automobile exhaust 汽车尾气,汽车废气autotroph(e) 自养生物,自营性生物autotrophic 自养的,自我营养的,无机营养的available chlorine 有效氯available head
14、 可用水头average yearly loading capacity 年平均负荷容量axial flow 轴流azo dye 偶氮染料azotification 固氮(作用)Bbackfill 回填backflow 回流background noise 背景噪声,本底噪声background survey 本底调查back-pressure valve (check valve) 单向阀backwash cycle 反冲周期bacteria coli 大肠杆菌bacterial colony 细菌菌落bacterial population 细菌种群bactericide 杀菌剂bacte
15、riological examination 细菌检验bacteriologically 按细菌学的观点baffle 挡板baffle board 挡板,隔音板baffled reaction chamber 隔板式反应室bag filter 袋滤器,袋式过滤器baghouse 布袋,滤袋室,滤袋装置baghouse precipitator 布袋除尘器ball mill 球磨机band dryer (污泥)带式干化机band screen (belt screen) 带式格网,带条滤网bar screen 格栅barometer 气压计barrel 桶,桶状物basicity 碱度,盐基度b
16、atch 分批的,间歇(式)的batch centrifuge 间歇式离心机batch distillation 分批蒸馏batchwise operation 分批式操作be laden with 充满,携带,含有beaker 烧杯bearing capacity 承重能力belt filter press (污泥)带式脱水机bench 工作台,实验桌,板凳bench-scale 小型的,实验室(规模)的bench scale test 小型试验,实验室试验,模型试验beneficiation 废物回收加工benzene 苯bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐,重碳酸盐bind 粘合,束缚,堵塞
17、bioassay 生物鉴定,活体鉴定biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量biocoenosis 生物群落biodegradable 可生物降解的biodegradation 生物降解(作用)bio-disc 生物转盘biofilter 生物滤池biogeophysical 生物地球物理的biological filter loading 生物滤池负荷(率)biological phosphate removal 生物除磷酸盐biology 生物学biolysis 生物分解(作用)biomass 生物体群,生物量bioremediation 生物修复bios
18、crubber 生物洗涤器,生物涤气器biosorption 生物吸附,生物吸收biosphere 生物圈biota 生物群biotic community 生物群集,生物群落biotope 群落生境,环境条件均匀的地方black liquor 黑液(一般指纸浆厂废液)blank assay 空白试验,空白检定blast 鼓风bleaching liquid 漂白液blind ditch 暗沟block diagram 方块图bloom 大量增殖,旺发boiling point depression 沸点降低bomb calorimeter (炸)弹式量热器booster pump 增压泵bo
19、tanic 植物的boundary layer 边界层branch 支线,支管,分支管 brand 标记,牌子breakthrough 穿透,贯穿,泄漏brewery 啤酒厂brine 海水,盐水broth culture 肉汤培养,肉汤培养物bubble aeration 气泡曝气bubbling tower 起泡塔Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗bucker excavator 斗式挖掘机bucket dredger 斗式挖泥船buffer 缓冲液,缓冲剂buffer capacity 缓冲能力,缓冲容量building drain 建筑物内污水总管,建筑排水管building se
20、wer (house sewer) 建筑物外污 水总管bulking of activated sludge 活性污泥的膨胀buoyancy force 浮力burette 滴定管bypass 旁通管,超越管,旁路Ccabinet 箱,柜,橱cage rotor 笼式转子cake conveyer 滤饼输送带cake of filter-press 滤块,污泥压滤饼calcination 煅烧,焙烧calcium lime (calcium oxide, CaO) 石灰, 生石灰calcium sulphate 石膏,硫酸钙calibration 校准,标定,定标calorie 卡(路里)ca
21、lorific value 热值capillarity 毛细管作用,毛细现象capillary 毛细管;毛细的,毛细管的capillary suction time 毛细空吸时间(测定污泥过滤性)capital cost 基本(建设)投资,投资费,资本值capital repair 大修(理)carbonaceous compound 含碳化合物carburetor 汽化器carcinogen 致癌物,致癌因素 cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病carrier 带菌者,载体cascade 级联catabolism 分解代谢catalysis 催化(作用)catalyst
22、催化剂cataphoresis 电泳catchment 集水区域cathode protection 阴极保护cation 阳离子,正离子cation-exchange softener 阳离子交换软水器cationic surface active agent (cationic surfactant) 阳离子表面活性剂caustic (quick) lime 生石灰,石灰caustic 腐蚀性的,苛性的;苛性药,氢氧化物caveat (防止误解的)说明cavitation 空蚀作用,气蚀作用,空穴作用cavity 空腔cell 小室,细胞,电池,盒cell mass 细胞块cellular
23、 protoplasm 细胞原生质cellular 细胞的,多孔的,蜂窝状的cementation 胶结(作用)centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度计centrifugal 离心的cesspool 污水池channel improvement 河道整治characteristic curve of pump 泵的特性曲线characterization 表征,性能描写charcoal 木炭charge 电荷;充(水、气、电等)chart 图表check 核对,阻止,制动装置,支票,联单checklist (核对用的)清单chelating reagent 螯合剂,chemic
24、al 化学的;化学品,化学制品chemical engineering unit operation 化工单元操作chemical nomenclature 化学命名法chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical resistance 耐化学性,化学抗性chemical stoichiometry 化学计量学chloride 氯化物chloride ion 氯根离子chlorinate (使)氯化,用氯消毒,用氯处理chlorinated lime 漂白粉chlorine feed unit 投氯设备,加氯单元chloroform 氯仿chlorophy
25、ll 叶绿素cholera 霍乱chromatography 色层(分离)法chronic pollution 慢性污染,长期污染chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验cinder 煤渣,焦渣circulator clarifier 水力(循环)澄清池cistern 蓄水池,贮水器cite 引用,引证clamp 夹子clarificant 澄清剂clarification 澄清,净化classifier (结合沉砂池的)洗砂机,分级机clay 粘土cleaner production 清洁生产climate modification 人工影响气候climatic anomal
26、y 气候异常clinker (煤燃烧后留下的)渣滓,熔渣,熔块closet 盥洗室cloudiness 混浊性,浊度coagulant 混凝剂,凝聚剂 coagulant aids 助凝剂coagulation 混凝,凝聚coalesce 凝结,凝聚,合并cocurrent extraction 并流萃取code of practice 工作规程,业务法规cold wave 寒潮coli test 大肠菌试验coliform 大肠的,大肠菌的coliform bacteria 大肠菌,大肠杆菌collecting trough 集水槽collection of classificated re
27、fuse 垃圾分类收集collection works 取水构筑物collector 集尘器,浮选促集剂,集电器,集水槽colloid 胶体colloidal 胶态的colony 菌落,群体color cast 色调color index 色度color-developing agent 显色剂colorimeter 比色计colorimetric analysis 比色分析 colorimetry 比色法colour (color) 色,色度column plate 塔板combined available residual chlorine 化合性有效剩余氯combined sewage
28、合流污水,混合污水combined sewage system 合流下水道系统combustion 燃烧commercial formulation 生产配方commercial scale 工业规模commercial waste 商业废物,商业废水commercial 商业的,工业(用)的,大批生产的commercially 大批地commingle 混合,搀和comminute 使细碎,粉碎comminutor 磨碎机,粉碎机common grate 普通格栅communicable disease 传染病community 团体,界,全体居民,地区,社区,居民区,城镇,共同性,共有性,
29、生物种群,群落community pollution 居民区污染,城市污染compaction 压实,压缩,致密化compactor truck 垃圾打包卡车compartment 间,室compensation 补偿,抵消,赔偿,平衡,调整completely miscible 完全混溶的complex 络合物complex ion 络离子component 组分,成分,分力,部件composite sample 混合样品,复合样品composite wastewater sample 混合废水样品composition 组成,成分,结构compost 把做成堆肥,施堆肥于;堆肥compou
30、nd fertilizer 复合肥料comprehensive utilization 综合利用compressed air 压缩空气concentrator 浓缩器concerted reaction 协同反应concrete 混凝土condensation 冷凝,凝结,缩合(作用),缩聚(作用)condensation polymerization 缩聚condensation reaction 缩合反应conditioning 调理(使污泥便于脱水)conductivity 传导性,传导率confined water 禁闭水confluence 汇流处,合流congeal 冻结,凝固co
31、nical type clarifier 圆锥形澄清池conjunction 联结,结合,连结connate water 原生水conservation 保护,守恒,保持conservation of energy 能量守恒consistence 稠性,相容性,一致性console 控制台consolidation tank (污泥)浓缩池constant rate pump 计量泵constant-head tank 恒水头水池constant-rate period 恒速阶段contact biological filter 接触生物滤池contact oxidation method 接
32、触氧化法container 集装箱continental climate 大陆性气候continental drift 大陆漂移continuum 连续区,连续体contour line 等高线,等值线contour of water table 等水位线contracted weir 收缩堰contraction 收缩,收缩率convalescent 恢复期的convection 对流converging-diverging duct section 收缩扩大管截面conveyer (conveyor) 传送机conveyor-type scraper 环链板刮泥器coordinate 坐标
33、(系);坐标的coordination 配位correction 校正,改正,纠正correlation 相关(性)corridor 走廊,流槽corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂cost 费用,成本cost benefit evaluation 费用收益评价,成本效益评价counter current (counterflow) 逆流counter force 反作用力counterweight 平衡重,对重covalent bond 共价键covered sludge drying bed 有盖的污泥干化床crack 裂缝cracker 破碎机cradle 支架,机架criter
34、ion (criteria) 准则,标准critical 临界的,极限的critical compressive force 临界压力critical point 临界点cross conveyor 横向传送刮板cross current 错流,正交流cross cut test 正交试验cross section 断面,剖面,截面crucible 坩锅crush 破碎crusher 破碎机,砸碎机crystallization 结晶culprit 罪魁祸首, 肇事原因culture 培养基,培养微生物的成长 culture medium 培养基,培养物curing 固化,硫化,熟化,处理cu
35、rrent repair 小修(理)curve 曲线cycle 循环,周期cyclone 旋流,旋风,气旋器,旋风分离器,旋风除尘器cyclone dust collector 旋风集尘器cyclone scrubber 旋风涤气器cyclone separator 旋风分离器cylinder 钢瓶,(氧)气瓶,圆筒体cytoplasm 细胞质Ddaily flow 日流量,逐日流量dairy waste 牛奶场废水废物damped balance 阻尼天平deactivation 钝化作用deaeration unit 脱气装置deafening effect 隔声效果debris 有机残渣
36、,腐质,残骸decantation 倾析,倾泻上层液decay 腐烂,衰变dechlorination 脱氯decibel 分贝decking 盖板,铺面,支撑板declining growth phase 生长衰落期decolorize 漂白de-emulsification 解乳化,破乳化defacing 磨损,损伤外观defecation 澄清deficiency 缺乏deficit 亏空,赤字defoam 去沫,去泡沫defoaming agent 消泡剂,去泡剂deforestation 滥伐,砍伐森林degasification 脱气作用deglaciation 冰消(作用)deg
37、radation 降解(作用)dehydration 脱水(作用),去水deionized water 去离子水,无离子水deliquescence 潮解demister 除雾器denitrification 反硝化,脱氮,脱硝(作用)denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densely inhabited district 人口密集区deodorization 除臭作用deoxygenation 脱氧,脱除溶解氧,消氧dephenolizing 除酚,脱酚deposit 沉淀物,沉积物deposition 沉积(作用),沉积物depreciation 折旧depressant
38、 抑制剂depression 减压,降低,抑制,洼地desalination 海水淡化,脱盐(作用)desiccant 干燥剂desiccating agent 干燥剂desulfurization from exhaust 从尾气脱硫detection limit 检出极限detention time 停留时间,逗留时间,滞留时间detergent 洗涤剂,去垢剂detritus 杂粒dialysis 渗析,膜析(渗透离析法)diaphragm 膜片,隔膜differential gauge 压差计diffused aeration 扩散式曝气(法)digester 消化池,煮解器diges
39、tion 消化dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 冲淡,稀释dimensionless 无因次的,无量纲的dioxin 二噁英direct-flow demineralization 自流式脱矿质discharge 流出,排出量,排放,放电discharge area 过水面积discharge capacity 流量,排水量,排放量discharge permit 排污许可(证)discharge rate 流量率,排水率,排放率,排放速率discipline 学科,科目discrete settling 离散沉降,单粒沉降dish aerator 浅盘式曝气器disin
40、fectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒(作用),灭菌(作用)disintegrator 破碎机,碎裂机dismantle 拆开,拆散dismutation 歧化(作用)dispersate 分散质dispersed-air flotation 弥散空气浮选dispersion 分散(作用),弥散(作用)displacement 置换,位移disposal (废弃物)处理,处置disposal of refuse in land fills 垃圾填埋处置dissociation 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 溶解dissolved oxygen sag curv
41、e 溶解氧下垂曲线,氧垂曲线distillation 蒸馏(作用)distributing trough 配水槽,布水槽diurnal variation 昼夜变化,(周)日变DO (dissolved oxygen) 溶解氧dome aerator 圆罩式曝气器domestic demand 生活用水量,居民用水量domestic fecal sewage (家庭)粪便污水domestic refuse 家庭垃圾domestic sewage 生活污水domestic waste 家庭废水,生活废水,家庭垃圾downcomer 下水管,落水管downstream 顺流的,在下游的;顺流地,在
42、下游地draft 草图,通风,汲出,汲水,引通draft fan 引风机draft tube 引通管,引水管drag (流体对悬浮颗粒的)摩阻,曳力drain pit (drain sump) 排水坑drain tile 瓦管drainage 排水,排水设备,排出的水draw 汲,吸,拉,拖dredge 挖掘,清淤dress water 选矿水drought 干旱,旱灾dry weather flow (合流沟管)晴天流量,干季(七天以上无雨)流量dryer 干燥器drying oven 烘箱dual water supply 分质供水durability 耐久性duration 期间,历时d
43、uration day 日照长度dust 尘dust cloud 尘云dust fog 尘雾dwelling 住宅,住所dye 染料dyestuff 染料E easement 附属建筑物ecological perspective 生态学观点ecological crisis 生态危机ecology 生态学effervescence 起泡,液沸(现象)effervescing 泡腾,起泡,鼓泡(作用)efficient rotation (农作物)有效轮作effluent 出水,出流,排出物ejection 喷射ejector 喷射器,射流器,喷射泵electric precipitation 电除尘electrode potential 电极电位electrodialysis 电渗析electrogalvanizing 电镀锌