现代大学英语基础写作下省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Contemporary College English 当代大学英语当代大学英语 基础写作（下）基础写作（下）第1页ContentSummaryManuscriptform/Diction/Sentences/Paragraphs/TypesofWritingNarration(Units1357)Description(Units246)lLetters(Unit8)第2页Summary Writing1.What a short piece of writing-the main facts or ideas of a story or article 2.Features:objective,complete,balanced 3.Goal to give readers an objective,complete,accurate and balancedunderstandingoftheoriginalpaper.4.Where:examination questions newspaper or TV reports employees reports5.Tips read&master the main ideas figure out important details not adding extra things limit the number of words preserve the mood and the tone第3页Gathering essential facts summarize the main idea1.essential facts and main actions2.necessary background 3.leave out unimportant things4.indirect speech and straightforward language5.in chronological(time)order第4页Differences between summarizingothersstoryThe main ideasThe main actionIn logical order(逻辑次序)In chronological order(事情发展次序)第5页Diction-figureofspeechSentences-sentencetypes:simple,compound,complexandcompound-complex;loose,periodic,balancedandparallel.Paragraphs-coherence-order:time,space,logical(least-most;most-least;obvious-subtle)TypesofWriting:narrative;exposition;description;argumentation第6页There are many different forms of writing for different purposesPersuasiveExplanationInstructions and proceduresFactual AccountReportPoetryDescriptiveLetterNarrativeWriting第7页Warm UpIs there a significant memory in your life?What is it?Try to share it with us.-writing style第8页Narration1.Whatthe type of writing which tells a story:personal experience,imaginative fiction,historical narrative2.Essential elements:events arranged in a chosen order told by a narrator purpose:to illustrate a point to support an idea to explain a procedure(程序,步骤)to entertain the reader/audience第9页Narration3.How to write construct a topic sentence use the first person point of view present your personal experience in chronological order select details that serve your purpose connect the details by transitions p.s.ordinary experiences are the beat sources for personal narratives第10页Even within each genre of writing there are different kinds of writingNarrativeAnecdoteBiographyStories with a plotNarrative PoemAutobiographyFables and Legends第11页NarrativeAnarrativeisastorydevelopedfromaneventoraseriesofeventsCharacter,settingandthemoodareusuallyestablishedatthebeginningofthestoryThemiddledescribeseventsinwhichacharacterdealswithsomekindofconflictTheendofthestoryorclimax,tellshowtheconflictisresolved第12页 CharacteristicsNarrativeHasaplot-beginningincludinganinterestingsetting(place,time)&charactersmiddleend(climax)第13页Activity 1 Checkthesentencesthatyouthinkwouldmakeinterestingtopicsentencesforpersonalexperiencenarrative.Andexplainit.(p.2)第14页How to write a personal experience narrativeConstructatopicsentenceUsethefirstpersonpointofviewPresentitinchronologicalorderSelectonlythedetailsConnectthedetailsbyusingtransitions第15页Personal experience narrativeNarrator:firstpersonStructure:1.beginning:topicsentence(who,when,where,what,why,how.),describingthewholeevent2.body:presenttheexperienceinchronologicalorder(usingsometransitions:afterward,later,when,soon,while,before,then.)3.end:summarizethewholetextandshowthetheme(p.3exercises+reading)第16页Activity:Comparetwopassagesbyyourpeers(p.8,p.9)“Reunion with my best friend”“what a change”Whichoneisbetter?(Title,topic,structure,content,writingskill,language)第17页WritingListalltheideasofreunionyouhaveexperienced.MakeaplanDiscusswithyourclassmateswriteaccordingtoyourplanimprovedEditing第18页Narration-Effective Effective sentencessentences -action and active verbsTIPS replace the verbs be with an action verbs dont overuse the patternthere+be use the active voice(P141)第19页Effective sentencesCoordinationSubordination第20页coordinationItiscombiningtwoormoreideasinonesentencetocreateequal emphasis.Youcancoordinatewords,phrasesandclauses.Coordination of sentences is a grammatical strategy to communicate thattheideasintwoormoreINDEPENDENTCLAUSESareequivalentorbalanced.Coordinationcanproduceharmonybybringingrelatedelementstogether.Wheneveryouusethetechniqueofcoordinationofsentences,makesurethatitworkswellwiththemeaningyouwanttocommunicate.第21页SubordinationItiscombiningtwoormoreideasinonesentencetocreateunequal emphasis.Togiveunequalemphasistotwoormoreideas,youexpressthemajorideainanindependentclauseandexpressminorideasinsubordinateclauses,phrasesorsinglewords.第22页Effective sentences1.coordination(并列)Coordinating conjunctionsbut,or,nor,for,so,yetCorrelative conjunctionsboth.and,either.or,nether.nor,notonly.but also,whether.orConjunctive adverbsHowever,moreover,furthermore,thereforeTransitional phrasesAs a matter of fact,for example,in other words第23页2.subordination(隶属)Subordinating conjunctionsAfter,although,as,because,before,if,since,though,unless,until,when,where,whileRelative pronounsThat,which,who,whom,whose第24页Coordinating conjunctions:for(reason),and(addition),nor(negativechoice),but(contrast),or(choice),yet(contrast),so(resultoreffect)Conjunctive adverbs:Addition:also,furthermore,moreover,besides,finallyContrast:however,still,nevertheless,nonetheless,conversely,nonetheless,instead,otherwise,stillComparison:similarly,likewiseResultorsummary:therefore,thus,consequently,accordingly,hence,thenTime:next,then,meanwhile,finally,subsequentlyEmphasis:indeed,certainly,specificallyTransitional Phrases:Addition:inaddition,equallyimportantContrast:ontheotherhand,incontrast,atthesametime,onthecontrary,evensoComparison:inthesamewayConcession:ofcourse,tobesure,certainly,granted,admittedlyExample:forexample,forinstance,asanillustration,namely,specifically,infactSummary/Result:inshort,inbrief,insummary,inconclusion,asaresult,accordinglyTime/Ranking:first,second,third(),next,finally,afterwards,meanwhile,subsequently,eventually,inthefirstplace,atthesametime,第25页SubordinatingconjunctionsandtheirmeaningsTimeafter,before,once,since,until,when,whenever,whileAfter you have handed in your report,you cannot revise it.Reason or Causeas,because,sinceBecause you have handed in your report,you cannot revise it.Purpose or Resultin order that,so that,thatIwanttoreadyourreportso that I can evaluate it.Conditionif even,if,provided that,unlessUnless you have handed in your report,you can revise it.Contrastalthough,even though,though,whereas,whileAlthough you have handed in your report,you can ask to revise it.Choicethan,whetherYoutookmoretimetorevisethan I did before the lab report deadline.Place or Locationwhere,whereverWherever you say,Ill come to hand in my report.第26页常见连接词常见连接词Coordinators and SubordinatorsCoordinators and SubordinatorsTo add ideas togetherAnd,also,besides,furthermore,in addition,moreover,too,first,second,finallyTO show emphasis and clarityAbove all,after all,in fact,particularly,that is第27页常见连接词常见连接词Coordinators and SubordinatorsCoordinators and SubordinatorsTo show similarityLike,likewise,in the same manner,in the same way,similarlyTo show contrastAlthough,but,however,in comparison,in contrast,in spite of,on the contrary,on the other hand,unlike,whereas,while,yet第28页常见连接词常见连接词Coordinators and SubordinatorsCoordinators and SubordinatorsTo express cause and effect relationshipAs,because,due to,for,for this reason,now that,since,owing t,as a result(consequence),accordingly,consequently,therefore,thusTo point out examplesFor example,for instance,to illustrate第29页常见连接词常见连接词Coordinators and SubordinatorsCoordinators and SubordinatorsTo draw a conclusion,an inference,or a summaryIn a word,in conclusion,in brief,in short,in summary,to conclude,to summarize,to sum up,thereforeTo indicate timeAt times,after,afterward,from then on,immediately,later,meanwhile,next,now,then,until,while.第30页Activity 1P140exercises.Correctfaultycoordinationorsubordinationinthefollowingsentences.P.13第31页Read and Compare thetworeadingsfromyourpeers(p18-19)myfirstexperiencewithdeath,myfirstparttimejob.findoutthephrasesorwordsofcoordinationandsubordinationasmuchaspossible.Analyzing“experience”intermsofwhoexperience,Whatistheexperience,whatisthelessonoftheexperience.第32页Narration-to describe a person1.focus on the main character2.briefly describe the main character3.describe an incident to display the character and personality4.conclude with a remark about the implies第33页DiscussionDiscussinyourgroupaboutthefollowingtopic:MyfirstAccordingtowhatyoudiscussed,writeacomposition.Assignment:P14课外阅读 P16背诵第34页Narration-Major types of point of view The first person point of viewI Observer or participantsubjectiveThe third person point of viewHe,she,theyObserverobjective Point of view-the perspective(观点)第35页NarrationThe third person point of viewthe objective/dramatic 只叙述故事,不描写心理the limited omniscient(=all knowing)/limited 仅描写其中一个角色心理the omniscient 全部第36页showing&tellingshowingtellingWays of telling a storyDramatize a scene (片面,突出想强 调)Create a dialogue (为中心服务)Summarize what happenedMore vividReaderexperience the scene directlyInclude many events and detailsShort narrative =showingLonger narrative=showing+telling第37页Short historical narratives 1.be brief account of a persons life the history of a family the establishment&development of an organization第38页Short historical narratives2.basic structure Conclude withOpen withprovide a brief introduction(name,date of birth,birth place)a brief account of major phrases(turning point,achievement)a remark or two第39页Short historical narratives3.summaryparagraphsA typical paragraphTopic sentence&Supporting sentencesExplanations or proofThe summary paragraphSimple facts&conclusions第40页Paragraph Writing1.What a number of sentences-develop an idea2.Structure topic sentence&supporting details a single point a discussible point dont be too narrow(狭窄)or too broad(宽泛)第41页Paragraph unity(一致性)1.What sentences that explain or support the general statement2.How begin with a discussable point and express it in a topic sentence stick and prove this single point,not only repeat it link words第42页Paragraph coherence(连贯性)1.What every sentences after the first is connect to the one before it,to topic sentence,or to both2.How clear order (次序)correct pronouns link words and expressions第43页Interesting paragraphInteresting paragraphInteresting topic sentenceEnough detailsSurroundingsappearancesactionsAnd so on.SurroundingsappearancesactionsSurroundingsappearancesAnd so on.actionsSurroundingsappearancesSurroundingsappearancesactionsSurroundingsappearancesAnd so on.actionsSurroundingsappearances第44页3.parallelism(平行结构,排比)grammaticalequalparallelismcoordination全部平行结构都是并列结构全部平行结构都是并列结构 words phrases clauses第45页4.variety HowHow vary sentence opening use a variety of sentence structure invert sentences occasionally Tips Tips put an verb before the subject put the verb or direct object before the subject begin the sentence with a prepositional or an infinitive phrase begin the sentence with a subordinate clause第46页5.conciseness -be brief unnecessary words 1)cut out unnecessary repetition empty phrase 2)use appropriate(适当)language第47页6.emphasis -emphasize your point coordination 并列结构 subordination 隶属结构 sentence ending 强调末尾 parallelism 平行结构 active verb choosing the right subject第48页DescriptionBasic Writing(2)Essay Writing第49页Contents1.What is descriptive writing?2.Why do we use descriptive writing?3.How to write description4.Assignment第50页DeliciousTastyYummyGoodFinger-licking good第51页What is descriptive writing?Asentencedefinitionofdescription:Descriptionistopaintinthemindofthereaderanimageoraseriesofimagesbymeansoflanguage.第52页Why do we use descriptive writing?Thepurposeofapurelydescriptiveessayisto1.involvethereaderenoughsoheorshecanactuallyvisualizethethingsbeingdescribed.2.makenarrationorexpositionmorelively,colorfulandexcitingwhencombinedwiththem.第53页How to develop an essay of description effectively?1.A descriptive essay is generally developed through sensory details.Theimpressionsofonessensessight,hearing,taste,smell,andtouch.第54页What makes good descriptive writing?Sensory Details(Asking questions):SightSightSoundSoundSmellSmell Colors?Colors?Loud/Soft?Loud/Soft?Sweet/Sour?Sweet/Sour?Shapes?Shapes?Piercing/soothing?Piercing/soothing?Sharp/mild?Sharp/mild?Sizes?Sizes?Continuous/on and off?Continuous/on and off?Good?(Like what?)Good?(Like what?)Patterns?Patterns?Pleasant/unpleasant?Pleasant/unpleasant?Bad?(Rotten?)Bad?(Rotten?)Shiny/dull?Shiny/dull?Does it sound likeDoes it sound likeNew?(Like what?New?(Like what?Does it Does it anything else?anything else?leather?leather?look like look like plastic?)plastic?)anythinganythingOld?Old?else?else?Does it smell likeDoes it smell likeanything else?anything else?from Susan Ankers from Susan Ankers Real Writing with Readings Real Writing with Readings()()第55页What makes good descriptive writing?Sensory Details(Asking questions):TastesTastesTouchTouch Good?Good?Hard/Soft?Hard/Soft?(What does good(What does good Liquid/Solid?Liquid/Solid?taste like?)taste like?)Rough/Smooth?Rough/Smooth?Bad?Bad?Hot/Cold?Hot/Cold?(What does bad(What does badDry/Oily?Dry/Oily?taste like?)taste like?)Textures?Textures?Bitter/Sugary?Bitter/Sugary?Does it feel like something else?Does it feel like something else?Metallic?Metallic?Burning?/Spicy?Burning?/Spicy?Does it taste like anything else?Does it taste like anything else?from Susan Ankers from Susan Ankers Real Writing with Readings Real Writing with Readings()()第56页Types of descriptionObjectivedescription-recorddetailswithoutmakinganypersonalcomment.Subjectivedescription-thewriterisfreetointerpretdetailsforthereader/audience.Note:Fewdescriptionsoutsideofsciencewriting,however,arecompletelyobjective.第57页Ways to develop a description essayThroughtheimpressionsofonessenses-sight,hearing,taste,smell,andtouchUsingspatialorder:describingthephysicallayoutoftheplace(leftright,bottomtop,clockwise/counterclockwise,insideoutside)UsingchronologicalorderUsespecificwordsDecideonthedominantimpression第58页Dominant Impression for Good Description Decideonadominantimpression-anoverallattitude,moodorfeelingabouttheplaceyouaredescribing(thehustleandbustleofamarketplace,ahauntedcastle,abreathtakingsceneryspot)第59页How to develop an essay of description effectively?2.A descriptive essay has one,clear dominant impression.E.g.describingasnowfall-letyourreaderknowifitis threateningorlovely,threateningorlovely,dangerousorpeacefuldangerousorpeaceful;第60页What Is the Dominant Impression in the Following Photos?第61页What Is the Dominant Impression in the Following Photos?第62页General and Specific Words for Good DescriptionSpecificwordshelptomakewritingclear,exact,vivid,andstriking,fortheyaremoreinformativeandexpressivethangeneralwords.Compare:a good mankind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,warm-hearted,selfless,brave,honorablegood foodtasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,wholesome,fresh,appetizing,abundant Housemansion,villa（别墅）,chateau（庄园）,cottage,bungalow（平房）,cabin,hut,shack,shanty,barn(仓房）第63页General and Specific Words for Good DescriptionPracticeEg.Laugh:smile,grin,chortle,guffaw,sneer,titter,giggleCry: