科技英语写作中的典型错误市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

科技英语写作中经典错误科技英语写作中经典错误例例 1汉语原句汉语原句这种新方法含有效率高、轻易调整优点。这种新方法含有效率高、轻易调整优点。英英语语错错句句This kind of new method have the advantage of high efficiency,easy adjustment.【错误分析】(1)不用this kind of new method，汉语中“种”假如在英语中表示只有一个东西时，不能或无须译出来，如“一个算法”，“一个方法”，“一个元素”；(2)havehas；(3)优点有两个，所以advantages advantage；(4)优点只有两个，所以之间连接用and而不用“，”，更不能用“、”。更更正正后后句句子子This new method has the advantages of high efficiency and easy adjustment.第1页例例 2汉汉语语原原句句本本文文首首先先讨讨论论了了这这种种信信号号特特点点，然然后后讨讨论论了了它它产生。产生。英英语语错错句句This paper first discusses the features of this signal,and then its generation is described.【错误分析】语法上，本句没错误。但因为这是一个并列复合句，普通来说两个并列句中语态（有时时态）应该一致。所以做以下修改。更更正正后后句句子子This paper first discusses the features of this signal,and then describes its generation.本本 句句 最最 好好 采采 取取 以以 下下 句句 型型：This paper begins with the discussion on the features of this signal,followed by the description of its generation.第2页例例 3汉语原句汉语原句这台设备特点是操作简便、价格低廉。这台设备特点是操作简便、价格低廉。英英语语错错句句 The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price.【错误分析】本句主语是features，所以其表语不能用easy in operation and low in price,而只能用名词短语,这叫做“主表对等”。假如主语是详细东西，我们就能够说This device is good in quality。更更正正后后句句子子 The features of this device are easy operation and low price.比比很很好好一一个个句句型型是是：This device is characterized by（its）easy operation and low price.第3页例例 4汉汉语语原原句句我我们们方方法法与与以以前前讨讨论论同同一一问问题题文文章章中中所所述述不一样。不一样。英英语语错错句句Our method is different from previous articles discussed the same problem.【错误分析】错误有两处。(1)比较对象不一致，主语是“方法”，而from后是“文章”；(2)discuss为及物动词，之后the same problem是宾语，所以应该用现在分词，而不是过去分词。另外“以前文章”用previous articles不好，因为previous多指同一本书或同篇论文里表示“前面”；科技论文多用“paper”。更更正正后后句句子子 Our method is different from those presented（或或 described）in the papers available（或或 published before）on（或或 discussing）the same problem.第4页例例 5汉汉语语原原句句只只有有经经过过对对该该系系统统性性能能研研究究，我我们们才才能能了了解它优点。解它优点。英英语语错错句句Only through studied the performance of the system,its advantages can be understood.【错误分析】错误有三处。(1)through是介词，所以其后不能接过去分词分词studied，科技文件惯用“through+名词+of+”或“by+动名词+”表示“经过”；(2)以“only+状语”开头，所以后面要发生部分倒装，can应该提前；(3)因为“研究”主语是人，所以本句应该使用主动语态。更更 正正 后后 句句 子子 Only through the study of the performance of the system,can one（或或 we）understand（或或appreciate）its advantages.第5页例例 6汉汉语语原原句句本本文文对对提提升升打打印印速速度度和和印印字字质质量量提提供供了了一一个个计计算机辅助设计伎俩。算机辅助设计伎俩。英英语语错错句句This paper provided a kind of means of computer aid design for progressing the printing speed and the printing quality.【错误分析】三个错误：(1)通常在使用“本文讨论了”这种句型时，不用过去时而用普通现在时，所以provided不适当，最好用presents；(2)“一直机辅设计伎俩”就是CAD method；(3)progressing用词不对，因为progress做动词是不及物动词，提供速度要用increase，提供质量要用improve。更更正正后后句句子子This paper presents a CAD method for increasing the printing speed and improving the printing quality.第6页例例 7汉语原句汉语原句对构件承载能力做了详细分析。对构件承载能力做了详细分析。英英语语错错句句The detailed analysis of the ability of bearing loads of the components is given.【错误分析】四处错误:(1)“分析”之前应该用不定冠词a；(2)“承载”是“carry loads”而不用“bear loads”；(3)“作分析”表示为“make an analysis of”，“作研究”表示为“make a study of”，“作比较”表示为“make a comparison of”；(4)能力ability之后加of加不定式复合结构做定语，如：能量被定义为物体做功能力，译为Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work，如：电容存放电荷能力取决于几个原因，译为：The ability of a capacitor to store charge depends upon several factors。更更正正后后句句子子A detailed（或或 concrete）analysis of the ability of the component to carry loads is made.第7页例例 8汉语原句汉语原句共有共有M个多边形，其顶点数均为个多边形，其顶点数均为N。英英语语错错句句There are M polygons altogether,whose vertex number is all N.【错误分析】定语从句中有两个错误:(1)vertex number意为顶点号码，而顶点数应译为the number of vertexes；(2)这里不能使用all来表示“均”含义，应该使用each来表示。更更正正后后句句子子There are M polygons altogether,each of which has N vertexes.即即使使从从语语法法角角度度来来看看，定定语语从从句句能能够够译译成成“the number of vertexes of each of which is N.”但这种表示法不好，显得很繁琐。但这种表示法不好，显得很繁琐。第8页例例 9汉汉语语原原句句这这个个方方法法需需要要准准确确定定位位，这这就就使使得得它它实现含有一定难度。实现含有一定难度。英英语语错错句句This method requires accurate location and this makes its realization have a little difficulty.【错误分析】have a little difficulty属于中式英文，提议使用somewhat difficult。另外句中用and显得比较涣散，提议使用which引导非限制性定语从句或使用分词短语表示结果状语。更更正正后后句句子子This method requires accurate location,thus making（或或 which makes）its realization somewhat difficult.第9页例例 10汉汉语语原原句句对对A识识别别和和对对B确确实实定定是是使使用用这这一一方方法法先决条件。先决条件。英英语语错错句句 The recognition of A and determining B are the prerequisite for the use of this method.【错误分析】本句主语有两个，一个用了名词短语，而另一个则用了动名词短语，这就造成了“非平行结构”，应该让二者统一；另外，prerequisite应采取复数形式，所以在它之后加s。更更 正正 后后 句句 子子 The recognition of A and the determination of B are the prerequisites for the use of this method.第10页例例 11汉汉语语原原句句最最终终提提出出了了实实现现这这种种方方法法应应注注意意一一些些问问题题和和处处理方法。理方法。英英语语错错句句At last,we provided some problems that could be noted in implementing this method and solving ways.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)表示“最终”英美人只用finally，at last或in the end均只能表示“最终”意思，finally表示几项中最终一项；(2)provided不该用过去时，而最好用present一词来表示；(3)solving ways是汉字式英语，处理方法应该用solution来表示；(4)“应注意”最好用deserve to be noted。更更正正后后句句子子Finally,some problems that deserve to be noted in implementing this method and their solution are presented.第11页例例 12汉汉语语原原句句因因为为缺缺点点存存在在，构构件件疲疲劳劳寿寿命命将将大大大大降低。降低。英英语语错错句句Because of the existing of the defect,the fatigue life of the components will decrease very much.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)existing应改为existence，标准是有名词就不要动名词形式；(2)will decrease 应该为被动形式will be decreased,因为它是外界原因造成；(3)very much应该为greatly。更更正正后后句句子子Because of（或或Due to）the existence of the defect,the fatigue life of the components will be decreased（或或shortened）greatly.第12页例例 13汉语原句汉语原句并讨论了这一方法与扫描法相比优点。并讨论了这一方法与扫描法相比优点。英英语语错错句句As compared with the scanning method,the advantages of this method has discussed also.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)“与相比”会使用固定短语“(as)compared with”,可是在“优点”“缺点”等名词后面应使用固定搭配介词over来表示“与相比”这一概念；(2)本句主语是advantages，所以谓语应该使用have而不是has；(3)“讨论”应该用被动语态。更更正正后后句句子子The advantages of this method over the scanning method have also been discussed.第13页例例 14汉语原句汉语原句已知常数已知常数K，就能算出就能算出C来。来。英英 语语 错错 句句 Giving the constant K,C can be calculated.【错误分析】两个错误:(1)表示“已知”有两种方式，一个是过去分词given，这表示这条件是被给定，另一个是现在分词giving，表示“若知道话”；(2)本句主要部分应该使用主动形式，添加主语one或we，因为前面做条件状语分词短语逻辑主语必须是句子主语，假如不一致，则称为“垂悬分词dangling participle”或叫“无依着分词结构unattached participial construction”。更更正正后后句句子子Given（或或knowing）the constant K,one（或或we）can calculate C.（或或,it is possible to calculate C.）第14页例例 15汉语原句汉语原句这台新设计仪器质量很好。这台新设计仪器质量很好。英英语语错错句句This new designed instrument is in good quality.【错误分析】两个错误，(1)“新”修饰“设计”，因为designed是过去分词作前置定语，相当于形容词，所以new应该改为副词形式newly，(2)表示“质量好”有两种方法，be good in quality或be of good quality，当然也能够用the quality of is good，但不如前两个好.更更正正后后句句子子This newly designed instrument is good in quality.或或：This newly designed instrument is of good quality.第15页例例 16汉语原句汉语原句锡熔点没有铅高。锡熔点没有铅高。英英语语错错句句Tin does not have a melting point as high as lead does.【错误分析】as high as lead does部分错误，这是汉字式英文经典问题。比较内容不一样，一个是熔点，一个是铅。假如句子改为Tin does not have a melting point as high as that of lead就正确了。不过英美人不这么用，他们习惯把asas句型套在名词a melting point上，这是要注意不定冠词特殊位置。更更正正后后句句子子Tin does not have as high a melting point as lead does.第16页例例 17汉汉语语原原句句这这台台转转动动机机器器将将在在一一二二分分钟钟后后自自动动停停下来。下来。英英语语错错句句This running machine will stop of itself after one minute or two.【错误分析】两个错误，(1)表示瞬间动作或状态动作未来时句中要表示“在之后”要用in而不能用after 或 later，(2)表示“一两天”，“一两分钟”等概念有两种表示方式，one or two days 或 a day or two.更更正正后后句句子子This running machine will stop itself in one or two minutes（或或 in a minute or two）.第17页例例 18汉汉语语原原句句在在这这种种情情况况下下，输输入入不不会会下下降降，输输出出也不会下降。也不会下降。英英语语错错句句In this case,the input does not fall;the output does not fall,too.【错误分析】错误在于too，它不能用于否定句，应该用either表示。不过在这种情况下，普通使用neither或nor开头部分倒装省略句型。更更正正后后句句子子In this case,the input does not fall,neither（或或nor）does the output.第18页例例 19汉语原句汉语原句这个问题有待处理。这个问题有待处理。英语错句英语错句This problem waits to solve.【错误分析】汉字式英文。两个错误，(1)英美人表示“有待于”概念惯用remain，(2)问题被处理，所以应该用被动语态。更正后句子更正后句子This problem remains to be solved.第19页例例 20汉语原句汉语原句这个电荷与存在其它电荷相互作用。这个电荷与存在其它电荷相互作用。英英语语错错句句This charge interacts with other present charge.【错误分析】present位置错了。Present做前置定语时意义为“当前”而表示“存在”时只能是后置定语。更更正正后后句句子子This charge interacts with other charges present.第20页例例 21汉语原句汉语原句现有教科书没有提到这一点。现有教科书没有提到这一点。英英语语错错句句The now existed textbooks do not make mention of this point.【错误分析】错误有两个:(1)exist属于不及物动词，所以不能用过去分词来作定语（英语中只有少数几个不及物动词变来表示状语过去分词可做定语，如fallen leaves，the arrived train），所以这里应改为existing。(2)凡用短语动词(如make use of，make mention of，pay attention to，take care of等)，其否定式英美人普通只使用no来否定词组中名词。更更 正正 后后 句句 子子 The existing textbooks（或或 The textbooks available）have made no mention of this point.第21页例例 22汉语原句汉语原句x 全部值均不能满足这一方程全部值均不能满足这一方程。英语错句英语错句All values of x cant satisfy this equation.【错误分析】中国人对英语中全否定和部分否定表示方式存在误解。更更正正后后句句子子No values of x（或或None of the values of x）can satisfy this equation.注意：英明科技人员普通不用cant这种形式，而是用can not或cannot。第22页例例 23汉语原句汉语原句这个电压几乎是测不出。这个电压几乎是测不出。英英语语错错句句 This voltage almost can not be measured.【错误分析】汉语“几乎不可能”英文翻译应该是can hardly。更更正正后后句句子子 This voltage can hardly be measured.第23页例例 24汉语原句汉语原句铜导电率比铁高。铜导电率比铁高。英英语语错错句句 The conductivity of copper is higher than iron.【错误分析】受汉语影响而产生错误。这里对比对象不一致。更更正正后后句句子子The conductivity of copper is higher than that of iron.第24页例例 25汉汉语语原原句句在在这这个个试试验验室室中中，这这台台仪仪器器比比其其它它灵灵敏。敏。英英语语错错句句In this laboratory,this instrument is more sensitive than any one.【错误分析】使用比较级时，主句主语是决不能包含在比较从句比较对象中，这也是中国学生常犯错误之一，所以本句any one是错误，应改为any other one。更更正正后后句句子子In this laboratory,this instrument is more sensitive than any other one（或或 any one else）.第25页例例 26汉语原句汉语原句这本书序言写得很好。这本书序言写得很好。英语错句英语错句The preface of this book was well written.【错误分析】两个错误：1）preface后只能跟to，这是一个固定搭配；2）本句主要叙述一个状态而没有包括到“在何时写”这一动作，所以应该用普通现在时，而不是过去时。更正后句子更正后句子The preface to this book is well written.第26页例例 27汉汉语语原原句句为为了了发发射射无无线线电电波波，必必须须产产生生高高频频振振荡。荡。英英语语错错句句Sending out radio waves,high-frequency oscillations must be generated.【错 误 翻 译】Sending out radio waves,high-frequency oscillations must be generated.更更正正后后句句子子To send out radio waves,it is necessary to generate high-frequency oscillations.第27页例例 28汉语原句汉语原句其它类型电动机也广泛用在工业上。其它类型电动机也广泛用在工业上。英英语语错错句句Other types of the electric motor also are widely use in industry.【错 误 分 析】本 句 两 处 不 妥：一 是 名 词 前 有“the type/kind/form/sort of”,该名词前不得用任何冠词，若该名词为可数名词话，普通应使用单数形式，有时也可使用复数形式；另一个是also位置，普通它应放在复合谓语中间，所以这里放are之后。更更正正后后句句子子Other types of electric motor are also widely used in industry.第28页例例 29汉语原句汉语原句任何学生均不会解这种特殊方程任何学生均不会解这种特殊方程。英英语语错错句句 Any student cannot solve this kind of special equation.【错误分析】汉字式英文，两处错误：一是本句属于“全否定”含义，所以不该用any而用no或none；special位置错了。更更正正后后句句子子No student（或或None of the students）can solve this special kind of equation.第29页例例 30汉汉语语原原句句必必须须了了解解这这种种材材料料是是否否能能经经受受住住这这么么大力大力。英英语语错错句句It is necessary to know if this material can stand a so large force or not.【错误分析】两处错误：一是if普通不能与or not连用，应该是whether or not；二是不定冠词a位置错了，因为有so修饰large，所以必须是so large a force。更更正正后后句句子子It is necessary to know whether this material can stand so large a force or not.第30页例例 31汉汉语语原原句句电电压压是是用用伏伏特特来来度度量量。（或或：电电压压度度量单位是伏特。）量单位是伏特。）英语错句英语错句Voltage is measured with volt.【错误分析】两个错误:一是这里“用”不该有with，英美人用in；另一个是volt这么单位要用复数形式（只有hertz除外，只用单数，因为其复数难以组成）。更正后句子更正后句子Voltage is measured in volts.第31页例例 32汉语原句汉语原句这两位工程师正忙于设计一个新型软件这两位工程师正忙于设计一个新型软件。英英语语错错句句This two engineers are busy to design a type of new software.【错误分析】三个错误:一是“这”在这里指两位工程师，所以该用these；二，在形容词busy之后有两种续接方式，一个是with the design of，另一个是（in）designing，两种皆可；三，new在type之前。更更正正后后句句子子These two engineers are busy with the design of或或busy（in）designinga new type of software.be busy(in)doing；be busy with 第32页例例 33汉语原句汉语原句这种材料极难加工这种材料极难加工。英英语语错错句句This material is very difficult to be machined.更更正正后后句句子子This material is very difficult to machine.第33页例例 34汉汉语语原原句句若若把把式式（7）代代入入式式（8）就就得得到到a=b。英英语语错错句句If Eq.(7)is substituted in Eq.(8),we obtain a=b.更更正正后后句句子子Substituting Eq.(7)in Eq.(8),we obtain a=b.或或Substituting of Eq.(7)in Eq.(8)yields a=b.第34页例例 35汉语原句汉语原句声音传输速度比光慢得多声音传输速度比光慢得多。英英语语错错句句Sound travels less faster than light is.更更正正后后句句子子 Sound travels much less fast than light（does）.第35页例例 36汉语原句汉语原句这个设备有它一些独特优点这个设备有它一些独特优点。英英 语语 错错 句句 This equipment has a few advantage all its own.更更 正正 后后 句句 子子 This equipment has some advantages all its own.第36页例例 37汉语原句汉语原句所得结果与测量值吻合所得结果与测量值吻合。英英 语语 错错 句句 The results obtained fit the experimental values.更更正正后后句句子子The results obtained agree（或或 are in agreement）with the experimental values.第37页例例 38汉汉语语原原句句定定义义了了一一个个描描述述图图论论中中一一些些工工程程问问题题求解算法语言求解算法语言(我们称之为图论算法语言我们称之为图论算法语言)。英英语语错错句句An algorithm language（we call it the Algorithm Language for the Graph Theory）to describe the solution of some engineering problem in the graph theory is defined.更更正正后后句句子子An algorithm language（which we call the Algorithm Language for the Graph Theory）for describing the solution of some engineering problems in the graph theory is defined.第38页例例 39汉语原句汉语原句我们轻易确定该物体重量。我们轻易确定该物体重量。英英语语错错句句 We are easy to determine the weight of the body.更更正正后后句句子子It is easy for us to determine the weight of the body.（或或 We can determine the weight of the body easily.）第39页例例 40汉汉语语原原句句摩摩擦擦使使得得输输入入机机器器功功大大于于由由机机器器所做有用功所做有用功。英英语语错错句句Friction make the work put into a machine be greater than the useful work accomplished by it.更更正正后后句句子子Friction makes the work put into a machine greater than the useful work accomplished by it.第40页例例 41汉语原句汉语原句瓶中空气受热后就会膨胀瓶中空气受热后就会膨胀。英英语语错错句句On heating,the air in the bottle will be expanded.更更正正后后句句子子On being heated,the air in the bottle will expand.第41页例例 42汉汉语语原原句句接接收收机机许许多多原原理理也也适适合合用用于于发发射射机机。英英语语错错句句Many of principles of a receiver also apply for a transmitter.更更正正后后句句子子 Many of the principles of a receiver also apply to a transmitter.第42页例例 45汉语原句汉语原句物体越热，它辐射能量就越多物体越热，它辐射能量就越多。英英语语错错句句The hoter the body,the more the energy it radiates.更更正正后后句句子子The hotter the body,the more energy it radiates.第43页例例 46汉语原句汉语原句半导体将在第二章加以讨论半导体将在第二章加以讨论。英英语语错错句句Semiconductor will be discussed in the chapter 2.更更 正正 后后 句句 子子 Semiconductors will be discussed in Chapter 2.第44页例例 47汉汉语语原原句句一一些些元元素素产产生生放放射射能能力力被被称称为为放放射性射性。英英语语错错句句The ability for some elements to give off radiations is referred as the radioactivity.更更正正后后句句子子The ability of some elements to give off radiations is referred to as radioactivity.第45页例例 48汉汉语语原原句句人人们们经经常常发发射射各各种种卫卫星星来来取取得得相相关太空信息关太空信息。英英 语语 错错 句句 The various satellites are frequently launched to obtain informations about space.更更正正后后句句子子Various satellites are frequently launched to obtain information about space.第46页例例 49汉汉语语原原句句不不但但温温度度和和光光影影响响导导电电率率，而而且且给给半半导体加杂质也会使导电率改变很大导体加杂质也会使导电率改变很大。英英语语错错句句Not only temperature and light affect the conductivity,but the addition of impurities to semiconductors will also make it to change greatly.更更正正后后句句子子 Not only do temperature and light affect the conductivity,but the addition of impurities to semiconductors will also make it change greatly.第47页例例 50汉语原句汉语原句直流电总是朝一个方向流动直流电总是朝一个方向流动。英英语语错错句句The direct current always flow to one direction.更更正正后后句句子子Direct current flows always in one direction.第48页例例 51汉语原句汉语原句在这里必须使用一个在这里必须使用一个8伏电池伏电池。英英语语错错句句 A 8-volts battery must be used here.更更正正后后句句子子An 8-volt battery must be sued here.第49页例例 52汉汉语语原原句句结结果果表表明明，这这两两种种方方法法其其实实质质是是一一致致，只只不不过过各有其应用条件各有其应用条件。英英语语错错句句The results indicate that this two methods are consistent,they have only respective applied condition.更更正正后后句句子子The results indicate that these two methods are consistent in essence,with the exception that they have their own specific application conditions.第50页例例 53汉语原句汉语原