首字母填空教学分享省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

首字母填空教学分享首字母填空教学分享首字母首字母填空解题技巧与训练填空解题技巧与训练策策略略 漕溪路校区漕溪路校区 杨地发杨地发第1页首字母填空教学分享首字母填空教学分享一一.首字母填空概述首字母填空概述二二.解题技巧解题技巧与与经典例题解析经典例题解析三三.提分策略提分策略第2页首字母填空概述首字母填空概述n全局观念全局观念中考英语首字母完形填空题实际上是恢复原貌式阅读了解题，各种短文结构严谨，段落清楚，首句普通不设空，便于学生依据首句提醒进行整体了解。n关注实词关注实词 首字母填空题目普通在一句话中关键词设空。关键词多是名词、动词、形容词、副词固定搭如.be able to 等实词，有时包括介词与连词考查。主要是考查学生词语搭配，正确辨析句子结构，掌握语法规则能力。n逻辑关系逻辑关系 利用逻辑关系是首字母填空设计过程中用得较多方法之一。第3页解题技巧与提分策略解题技巧与提分策略n快速能读全文，了解文章大意，正确分析归纳文章主旨。n在了解文章大意基础上，了解空格所缺词词性，确保语法正确性，注意数改变。考虑语境上下文呼应，利用逻辑思维进行推理，再依据自己最有把握、最熟悉短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构，先完成简单，把难留在后面。n再细读全文，集中精力处理难点，填空补缺。n答题完成，遵照由整体到局部、由局部到整体规律，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所填答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否合理。第4页空格所缺词性注意点空格所缺词性注意点n名词时，应 联络文章主题，注意它单复数如中考：Of course,London,like any large city,has problems,too.很多学生都填了problem漏加了sn动词时，要注意它时态、语态、三单及谓语动词和非谓语动词如年中考：This added about an hour to my journey,so I was not happy.这里同学们假如能想到add已经很不轻易，没加ed就非常可惜了。n连词，注意文章中前后句和上下文逻辑关系。第5页n形容词和副词形容词和副词时，注意比较级和最高级使用方法We feel isolated（孤立）sometimes,too,especially since the nearest neighbors are almost 100 km away.填入词逻辑依据为near，语法依据为最高级，因为前一个词是the，后面是100 km awayn代词代词，注意它性、数、格是否准确n介词介词，注意它固定搭配和惯用语法特点第6页经典例题解析经典例题解析n依据上下文情景确定“意义”上正确词。I was making a trip from Paris to London.At asmall town near Lodon,I stopped to do some s_.As I was going into a very crowded shop.I saw a few young people talking about something they had just b_.第7页本段主要讲作者在伦敦一个小镇本段主要讲作者在伦敦一个小镇 经历。在第一个空格上，经历。在第一个空格上，由下文由下文a verycrowded这个词组能够推断应填这个词组能够推断应填shopping,这这么也就很轻易判断第二个空格内应填么也就很轻易判断第二个空格内应填bought了。了。nI was making a trip from Paris toLondon.At a small town near Lodon,I stopped to do some shopping.As I was going into a very crowded shop.I saw a few young people talking about something they had just bought.n例2 This is a special class.The studentscome from different c_.Somecome from Germany,othersfromAmerica,Europe,France.Their parents are_in Shanghai.第8页解析：这是一个特殊班级，学生们来于不一样地方。依据上下文提到America，Germany，France能够判断第一格指是国家countries,由此也推断出学生父母当前在上海工作。第二格因为谓语动词是be动词，所以这里时态为进行时，表示当前状态。故应填现在分词working.例2 This is a special class.The students come from different contriesSome come from Germany,others from America,Europe,France.Their parents are working in Shanghai.第9页本段主要讲一位女士经过减肥后能够穿上一条牛本段主要讲一位女士经过减肥后能够穿上一条牛仔裤，并要演示给她丈夫看情景。第一格表示主仔裤，并要演示给她丈夫看情景。第一格表示主人公感觉很发，所以填人公感觉很发，所以填felt,第二格表示她能够穿第二格表示她能够穿上牛仔裤了，上牛仔裤了，be able to 为固定搭配。为固定搭配。nAfter going a diet,a woman felt really good about herself-especially she was able to fit into a pair of jeans.Look,Look!she shouted while running downstairs to show her husband.n例4.In March1982，there was a_drought in Australia.The summer rain didnt fall,and the grass didnt grow.The farmers had to sell all their sheep.Many sheep d_of hungry.第10页n从下句the summer.推断这是一场严重干旱，第一空格填terrible.依据上文提及严重干旱能够知道由此而造成很多羊死于饥饿，die of 是固定词组，第二空格填died.nIn March1982，there was a terrible drought in Australia.The summer rain didnt fall,and the grass didnt grow.The farmers had to sell all their sheep.Many sheep died of hungry.第11页依据词汇辨析和词组搭配来解题依据词汇辨析和词组搭配来解题n意义相近词是首字母填空命时惯用伎俩之一，在做这类题目时，必须要在特定语境中分析注意空格所缺单词词性或者固定词组搭配来进行。n例：After going a diet,a woman f_really good about herself-especially she was a _ to fit into a pair of jeans.Look,Look!she shouted while running downstairs to show her husband.第12页利用逻辑关系解题利用逻辑关系解题n利用逻辑关系是首字母填空设计过程中用得较多方法之一。解这类题目需要我们在教学过程中多注意周围生活常识、行文脉络及句子之间转承关系。n例5：Western country music describes life.It talks about love,jobs,home and money.It talks about friends and enemies,farms and corps.Poeple in many parts of the world like western country music b_ everyone knows somethings about these ideas.第13页我们中国人对于西方乡村音乐还是有所了解，它我们中国人对于西方乡村音乐还是有所了解，它描述生活中一些事情，如爱情，事业家庭，朋友，描述生活中一些事情，如爱情，事业家庭，朋友，农场，庄稼等，人们对乡村音乐耳濡目染。本段农场，庄稼等，人们对乡村音乐耳濡目染。本段最终一句因与前文存在因果关系，所以填最终一句因与前文存在因果关系，所以填because.nWestern country music describes life.It talks about love,jobs,home and money.It talks about friends and enemies,farms and corps.Poeple in many parts of the world like western country music becauseeveryone knows somethings about these ideas.n例6 Amonth later,Mary hadnt heard from Peter or received any money,s_she poned him.第14页n依据上下文，Mary hadnt heard from Peter和下文She phoned him能够判断两句之间存在着因果关系。所以填so.nAmonth later,Mary hadnt heard from Peter or received any money,so she poned him.第15页n依据文章意思，在4月1日愚人节这天，我们经常相互开玩笑。从语法角度看，play jokes on sb.是固定词组，所以答案是jokesnApril Fools Day is on April 1st.People can play jokeson others on this special day.If you succeed,you usually laugh and say,“happy Fool!”第16页利用语法和句型解题利用语法和句型解题n这类题目主要考查学生在一定语境中利用语法知识和识别句型能力。因为学生对这类题把握较大，所以这类题型数量越来越少。nEvery day,standing at my information desk,I have to answer a lot of questions of the travellers coming from all o_the world.第17页n答案为over,all over the world.是一个最为常见固定搭配。nEvery day,standing at my information desk,I have to answer a lot of questions of the travellers coming from all overthe world.例8.April Fools Day is on April 1st.People can play j_on others on this special day.If you succeed,you usually laugh and say,“happy Fool!”第18页提分策略提分策略-“台阶式台阶式”训练训练n“台阶式”训练法 阅读教学是英语教学中一个难点，首字母填空又是阅读教学中最令人头痛一环。它不但考查学生对语篇了解能力，而且考查学生了解语篇过程中分析判断、句子成份与词性对应关系、语法结构、词义辨析等全方位综合能力。只有具备了相当词汇量、扎实语法知识、充分扩散性思维和严密逻 辑推理能力学生，才能很好地完成语篇，使文章通顺畅达，恢复原样。第19页台阶一：掌握七种句子成份与十种词性之台阶一：掌握七种句子成份与十种词性之间对应关系。经过对单一成份分类练习，间对应关系。经过对单一成份分类练习，掌握该句子成份与掌握该句子成份与 何种词性相对应。词性何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确前提。正确是答案正确前提。n 如对主语判断 1._ are helpful to students.(teach)2._ is more important to me than money.：(healthy)3.Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August.(science)4._ is my favourite sport.(fish)5._ stamps is my hobby.(collect)Key:1.Teachers 2.Health 3.scientists 4.Fishing 5.Collecting 分析：以上练习中，填入词均为句子主语。主语是动作发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-题）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应名词或 doing（、）。另外，形容词前加 the，带连词 句子也可作主语。第20页台阶二：在切记了七种句子成份与十种词性对应台阶二：在切记了七种句子成份与十种词性对应关系之后，多做做综合关系之后，多做做综合“用所给单词正确形式填用所给单词正确形式填 空空”，提升对句子成份判断能力。熟练掌握词性，提升对句子成份判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化技巧是通向首字母完形第二步转化技巧是通向首字母完形第二步nJack Chen is an famous_(act)nThey _quickly.nwe all take part in outdoor activities_.nOur monitor take an _part in the party.nHe is famous for his _films.nIt is important for us to take part in all kinds of _.第21页台阶三：锻炼台阶三：锻炼学生学生发散和归纳思维能力，发散和归纳思维能力，或称为或称为“猜谜猜谜”能力能力 nExercise:Guess the missing word.1._ arehelpful to students.2._ are helpful to students.They givethem knowledge.3._ are helpful to students.In class they teach themknowledge and after class they care for them like parents.4._ are helpful to students.They keep them health分析：按次序做你会不假思索地得出答案，1-4 均Teachers，全部解完后再思索，似乎第一题答案不 仅仅有 Teachers。按判断主语结论，凡名词，只要合乎辑都可作为第一题答案，你会发觉 Books 也可继而出结论：“一切有益于学生复数名词均为正确Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents”。第二题受后句 knowledge 限制，答案要少一些：TeachersBooks第三题限制更多，从“care for”判断主语只能是人Teachers。第四题受 healthy 限制，最好Doctors、Nurses。以上练习说明解完形填空需要以下技能：对所缺词句子成份必须作出准确判断，第22页 台阶四：对词性、词义、词形准确判台阶四：对词性、词义、词形准确判断阶段，即综合利用阶段断阶段，即综合利用阶段 nMr.Wu is getting old.He is l_ the school soon.The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_.Among t_ are cards,note-books,photos and books.Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves.Photos will h_ Mr.Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students.Next week,t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him.分析：通读短文以后发觉 Mr.Wu 是一位老师.。从 old 可推断他很快要退休了,所以“l_”应为谓语动词 leaving;“s_”是第三句主语,结合 have 判断为 students;“h_ 是 give 宾语,判断为 him;“p_”内容是 cards,note-books,所以判断为名词 presents;“t_”是介词 among 宾语,应为 them;“m_”处于 be done by 结构中,应为过去分词 made;“h_”位于情态动词 will 之后,应为动词原形 help;“t_”是 remember 宾语,而且受到 happy 修饰应为 time“t_”是主语,名词或代词 teachers/they;“p_”是 have 宾语,前面有冠词,所以是名词 party“s_”前有 to,分析成份为目标状语 to do 即 to say第23页n台阶五：熟能生巧阶段。要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步基础上作长久系统训练，把上述知识演化为 解题技能第24页谢谢龙文教育 教育是一项良心工程第25页