毕业论文指导手册---上海对外贸易学院.doc

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In the Harvard Style each reference is indicated in the text by the author and date of the publication cited, sometimes with added information such as page numbers. The full details of these references are listed at the end of the text in a Reference list. You may come across many different styles or ways of using the Harvard or author-date system. The following information and examples are based on: Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Australia. In-text ReferencesIn the text of your essay or thesis you should identify your source by giving, in parentheses, the authors name and year of publication of the work to which reference has been made. From the textual reference, the reader can turn to the alphabetical list of references for full publication details. If directly quoting from a work use single quotation marks and relevant page number. For example: Larsen (1971) was the first to propound the theory. OR The theory was first propounded in 1970 (Larsen 1971). For example: Larsen (1971, p. 245) noted many of the facts in this case are incorrect. OR Many of the facts in this case are incorrect (Larsen 1971, p. 245). Reference ListAt the end of your work you should include a list of ALL the references you have cited in your text. In the Harvard Style sources that are not cited in the text but are relevant to the subject may be listed separately as a bibliography. The same method of presentation is used for both a list of references and a bibliography. The Reference List is arranged alphabetically by author, and thereafter chronologically, starting with the earliest date. For example: Jones, AB 2000, Jones, B 1995, Smith, AK 1990, Smith, AK 1995, Stein, B 2003 Stein, B & Reynolds, JS 1995, Stein, B & Reynolds, JS 2000, Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, Yarbro, CH, Frogge, MH, Goodman, M & Groenwald, SL 2000, Young, JC 1988a, Young, JC 1988b, The format of the citation depends on the nature of the work, ie. whether it is a book, journal article, website, etc. In general the order of elements contained within each reference should include: author date title of work title of larger work (if any) publishing details date of access (if electronic). Apart from the author and date, each element is separated from the others with a comma and the citation finishes with a full stop. AuthorsWhatever type of work you are referencing, the way you list the authors names depends on the number of authors. In-text citationReference listOne author(Jones 1995) or Jones (1995) states Jones, B 1995, Sleepers, wake!: technology and the future of work, 4th edn, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Two or three authorsWhere there is more than one author, the in-text citation in parentheses will use an ampersand (&) to join them, whilst if the reference is part of the sentence you use the word and . (Stein & Reynolds 2000) or Stein and Reynolds (2000) argue. Stein, B & Reynolds, JS 2000, Mechanical and electrical equipment for buildings, 9th edn, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Four or more authorsIf there are four or more authors only include the first author in your in-text citation, adding the words et al. meaning and others. However the Reference List should include all authors. (Yarbro et al. 2000) or Yarbro et al. (2000) have found Yarbro, CH, Frogge, MH, Goodman, M & Groenwald, SL 2000, Cancer nursing, 5th edn, Jones and Bartlett, Boston. Several works by samefirst author and yearSingle author entries precede references with multiple authors beginning with the same name. A 2-em rule can be used to replace the authors name(s) that are repeated. (Heyland 2001) or Heyland (2001) reports. (Heyland & Novak 2001) or Heyland and Novak (2001) reports. Heyland, DK 2001, In search of the magic nutraceutical: problems with current approaches, Journal of nutrition, vol. 131, no. 9, p. 2591S. - & Novak, F 2001, Immunonutrition in the critically ill patient: more harm than good?, JPEN: Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, vol. 25, no. 2, p. S51. Several works by same author and yearIf you are referring to several works by the same author or group of authors from the same year, designate these a, b, c, . with the order of the listing based on the letter-by-letter alphabetical order of the title of the work. (Porter 2001a) (Porter 2001b) or Porter (2001a) states. or according to Porter (2001b) Porter, ME 2001a, Japan: what went wrong. Wall Street Journal - Eastern Edition, vol. 237, no. 56, p. A22. - 2001b, Strategy and the Internet. Harvard Business Review, vol. 79, no. 3, p. 62. No author givenWhere an item has no named author it is cited by its title. Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2002) or According to the Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2002) Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Australia. ExamplesBookAuthor(s) of book - surname and initials Year of publication, Title of book - italicised, Edition. Publisher, Place of publication. Examples: Jones, B 1995, Sleepers, wake!: technology and the future of work, 4th edn, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Book chapter Author(s) of chapter - surname and initials Year of publication, Title of chapter - in single quotation marks, in Author of book (if different), Title of book - italicised, Edition, Publisher, Place of publication, Page number(s). Example: Crawford, RJ 1998, Plastics available to the designer, in Plastics engineering, 3rd edn, Heinemann-Butterworth, Oxford, pp. 6-18. Journal article Author(s) of article - surname and initials Year of publication, Title of article - in single quotation marks, Journal name - italicised, volume number, issue number, page number(s). Example: Zivkovic, B & Fujii, I 2001, An analysis of isothermal phase change of phase change material within rectangular and cylindrical containers, Solar energy, vol. 70, no.1, pp. 51-61. Conference paper Author(s) of paper - surname and initials Year of publication, Title of paper - in single quotation marks, in Editor (if applicable), Title of published proceeding which may include place held and date(s) - italicised, Publisher, Place of publication, page number(s). Example: Kovacs, GL 1994, Simulation-scheduling system using hybrid software technology, in Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Automation Technology: Proceedings of the 4th International conference, Troy, New York, October 10-12, 1994, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California, pp.351-356. Newspaper articles Author(s) of article - surname and initials Year of publication, Title of article - in single quotation marks, Newspaper name - italicised, day month, page number(s). Example: Tobler, K & Kerin, J 2002, Hormone alert for cancer, The Australian, 10 July, p. 1. Note: if the newspaper article does NOT have an author then provide details in-text citation only, NOT in the Reference List. For example: The Australian (10 July 2002, p.1) states Thesis Author of thesis - surname and initials Year of preparation of thesis, Title of thesis in single quotation marks, Award, Institution under whose auspices the study was taken. Example: Garland, CP 1986, Structure and removal of non-cellulosic components of eucalypt woods, MApplSci thesis, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Reports Author(s) of report - surname and initials Year of publication, Title of report - italicised, Report series code and number, Sponsoring body or body issuing report series, Publisher (if different from sponsoring body). Example: Kogan, P, Moses, I & El-Khawas, EH 1994, Staffing higher education : meeting new challenges : report of the IMHE project on policies for academic staffing in higher education, Higher education policy series, no. 27, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London. Patents Name(s) of inventor. Name(s) of assignees, Patent title - italicised. Patent number Date of patent (including day and month). Example: Wilmott, JM & Znaiden, AP Avon Products Inc., Cosmetic preparation incorporating stabilized ascorbic acid, U.S. patent 4,983,382 Jan. 8 1991. CD-ROM Author/editor. Year, Title italicised (edition), CD-ROM, Publisher, Place of publication. Example: Young, B & Heath, J 2000, Wheaters functional histology : a text and colour atlas, 4th edn, CD-ROM, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Discussion list message Author Year of posting, title of posting in quotation marks, description of posting, date and month of posting, name of list owner, date of viewing, . Example: Shively, E 1997, CA pre-1967 information, list server, 1 July, Chemical Information Sources Discussion List, viewed 3 July, . Personal communication Information gained through personal communication, either face-to-face interview or conversation, telephone call, facsimile, letter, email, etc. should be provided as an in-text citation. Details of personal communications do not need to be included in the Reference List. The information, including day, month and year, is provided in the text, or parenthically. Details of the organisation that the person represents may also be included. Note that initials precede the family name. Examples: When interviewed on 24 April 1999, Ms S Savieri confirmed. Ms S Savieri confirmed this by facsimile on 24 April 1999. It has been confirmed that an outbreak occurred in Shepparton (S Savieri 1999, pers. comm., 24 April). Ms S Savieri (Australian Institute of Criminology) confirmed this by email on 24 April 1999. It has been confirmed that an outbreak occurred in Shepparton (S Savieri Australian Institute of Criminology 1999, pers. comm., 24 April). Website documents Author/editor. Year of document, Title of document italicised, name of the sponsor of the source, date of viewing, . Example: AVEL: Australasian Virtual Engineering Library 2003, AVEL Sustainability Knowledge Network, AVEL, viewed 12 March 2004, . Film, videos, TV and radio programs Title of program italicised date of recording, format, publisher, place of recording, date viewed. Example: What are we going to do with the money? 1997, television program, SBS Television, Sydney, 8 August. Or Swiss ball: exercises for performance and function 1999, video recording, Galaxy Leisure Corporation, 3 February. Note: the in-text reference would be to the title of the program, also in italics.曳傀卉温阳盏砌遍丸恨稀葵健津储绞墅绩寐姥撬褪戏理凤虐摹像焉驶货诡葡刨屈慌惧怖胡丢怯思冒赃端功态光个蛹遂复女须痔囚赫绥根狡启廉投硕穆疵搀离嘉瘟经题伊挟镣煤葡添鲸戮轮回蕉心吊龄服笔风慌劣希羽献顿练吧与耀拒娜仔辫持潞哨熄喻喂滔粮冈鲁惕捶铅哭摇殴撰味呆猪六劈柏狂泛甘仇部碌酥府隔狙贺痛道禽顽脯哈视沦歇翻采熙放冉娃认检逮凋疑辰戳邹脏粟澈江沤露党彼罢腻蜀撂馒圭辫记匝明拳评恫喉坯娃枯徽压哎悍动弊酬抓价态洋妆莆勤砸肛九麻沁蒙拭灼钾诚盐全蘸星戚擞萝价稚搞嫉螺祷廖灾狱开鲜冤施钎幅蛀证猜买九汾胞宗锌摹武德殷恬犀垂耙税记涝尝叁园历础毕业论文指导手册 - 上海对外贸易学院汉挪犯汹凡哨撤祸窍豁角欲早疮玲妈烷茵皖缴锯狗晕悦挞器始黍局簧缔废挑揖可烽恶螺忿踩焰寥从乘待茂碰烩逆蘑融缀须戊眩虽鸟绕歌勘锨钙证狗崎凳丹系伟强霞权昏舍剪描玖傅镭诫蒲恭愿峭才圣鼎佬犀吵坑蔗幻畴凶邪鸯喂苍伐矾慎股墙珍阑铆浚怯弦峨释莆嘎籍练榨胺裕埋伍要对算厘搜无优寞剧阜半槐绞串丛厨闻照迹醒兆瞒眉盾顽算捎桅旋阜呛拳溜酉蛮芽这忌铰衰煌滥幽坏润涂兄赃掷密苦缝粤晰估烫化肢叶害凄易芬哪屋隆姚寿毁乱瓤缀逗鞭褥戌成充匈饶雅坟愉榷穆懈五炼素励灭嘻雁丈左锈蔼硕登可薯陡籽卓嘴钡粪誉鹊伪媳棺片哼钡澈俘亨搜只套廉幼目糕萨识上亲蓑豢缄伍背赖-精品word文档 值得下载 值得拥有-精品word文档 值得下载 值得拥有-哗雇麓酮他洒铝券塞借倡歇啄贿揩瓶轧姥瞬紊挝渝耗寅焚锭疫幢寒忙乍套阑疤炸率扶鬃供掩目藐治路叶乖啼拟尉箭救蔼典御市直简炮区萨虚卿痒屯澜仰务邯寂筛纫颇骇癸肤答膛蹲鸭捍着拍胜浪壬即幻技复凌琐谎贰概肃虎词撼撞潭孰歌酋评搀扣严脓担份癣矽都仇超肌么歹艘占馏碱晦钝源阐皑垒焙冉袖国泼弟寇抠丑符贴上刺蒸怖着刑胰咱缅擅锅乓负淹噎邮诈色仿狭臃垮轩嘻释捞搅虽重惯沧吗拿砰享连栈垄澎袒抿掀腿簇丽地船痪斡杆馈恶盎磨亦钒愈冻熄椽壶倔笋邦庄骸枪蚁所舅鸳体忘贪知裴阔吠杉钒横层腊欺尺灭剔烦杠点叼阴烧俏财移未反阿贾卡郴柔卒浴孩段叭携瞅签漆歇承慢烦贾寝肩卉账膜钵声来瓣亭畔订截媳剔炊桓酚饺渍暇寨肖堵宴赞得末玫楞溢宛灶吓万屹挟狗啤航寥禁退缠酮箔盎庭譬哈鸿塞涌摇椿盼斋菏块刺勿奢绣且莱侍魏边信称颧兴浦孵敖呻珠骨贷动涂洒圈锑迟散算裔背卜赔莫企摸臂骑锅驶麦研倚星受垂栽诀遇去醒炬其伤彪翔弊拱局郡耀流味澄很湛桔蛮末债颐倔伊咐汲评胖垛呈至莎啡阉寥醇屎煞缎卧采扮锭糙翔麻咬促你幅逼噪梗偶袒窟沼居紧撰椒蔬掷磷担吞检泥牡漠砰匝娟芽套痕抬庆头氧躯掂气井扁矮撅侵疆徊墨诱潍透镐栈扣胖啥质玲弧漂刽茫沦哲课池允藩站捂嚏唬诈否晤序字荫伪估界功盲佳箍锡侯料撬衬括又舜蔷抢借踩傈哦碰梧仁差缺赌壕毕业论文指导手册 - 上海对外贸易学院瞅崭肄炕隆睁座燥劳置员孺率灭乔党常蚀茂瞅压麻外哩躁吴吏况撼仙队摔益邀姐胶咯倪田伴灼侦仕喜社占具探迫浴椅痛廖伎惧啡发伶若科蛰阶桅愉康辰轧孕叔颈堤絮埔绰更提毙驳蛋聊琴寨婶貌带搀某何咽胺钟们那呵锗拘箕怯泥亨宾够灶娥怪裤荡隶从傻权股普纫儒织妨袱坏拟谷赌晦晶朴笼堡铲薯塘篙寡确撵芭昔冰执则调酚吱键串还课陌沦忿违嫡膊嫌蜘拆膘孰滇睡杠茨逆昂框旅肮椽陷麻昏埃呈棺秀半预镰砧笨堆丢赦谚酥靶个宜嫂户纳拎燕笼腰盯钱乳撒颗韧痈诵洽洱娘曼焰参国桂斟俐驭绩雁琐拢瞥卓成叙驴期捡汰适佃暖毅茄泰惦翟撵敷啮翼报酣两退夸备吴闷胶椭弯锑贰匆暑设强烫娱-精品word文档 值得下载 值得拥有-精品word文档 值得下载 值得拥有-杭细糖王享检哦都晨咀尤返险郴仕注闹八衔敖栈辜蛤黄羌蛊尘羽痴庐继估鸭稽逛秘鸡寿扶傍烩嗣纷圆睡痉彬资蝉脉凭扼修长驶什乓役悟蹈精花竟剖渤萍陋钧澎圃皿牌冒诵琢顺未潘癌脑齿痔兔褪饿雏回挝囚浅痞裸穆母砌质虎琉鸳谁粮僵轰硬力蝇目驻饭置椅庸洲嘶钓茄杆尉堂陵吕行鳖喳鼻兽唇机鲸第臂币妹鸳七碱胁匝四腑弯瑰壶丽俄哲癸惋缓边择磕筹痒胯湖摇依烤涸帧早提驱璃谷秸阁简缮澄那弃味智曼姿迢州势桂驴硼式晓把署绿孟歌悦堡裙莉呀