2015-2016学年八年级英语下册单元基础训练题21.doc

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八年级下册Unit 10 I ’ve had this bike for three years.单元知识点讲解及当堂测验
一、重点短语
1.  these days 目前;现在            
2. regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着
3. in order to 为了                       4 .so far 迄今;到现在为止
5. in need 需要                          6. not.. anymore 不再……
7. welcome to sp_ 欢迎来到                8.check out 察看;观察
9. board games 棋类游戏                 10.one last thing 最后一样东西
11.junior high school 初 级 中 学         12. clear out 清理
13.no longer 不再;不复                  14. toy monkey 玩具猴
15.part with 与……分开                 16.to be honest 说实在的
17. ride a bike 骑自行车                18.have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
19.one’s old things 某人的旧东西
20.bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
21.give away 捐赠                     22.play for a while 玩一会儿
23.do with... 处置;处理                 24.search for work 找工作
25.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里
26. the mid-20tH century 20世纪中期
27.stay the same 保持原状              28.according to 依据;按照
29.in one’s opinion 依……看            30.in my time 在我那个年代
二．重点句型
1.  How long have you... ?
How long have you had that bike over there?那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了？ 2.  sb. has/have done sth.  for...
Amy has had her favorite book for three years.艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3 年了。
3.  sb. has/have done sth.  since...
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.自他4 岁生日起，他拥有这个东西了。
4.  Some… Others...
Some  people  still  live  in  their  hometown. However, others may only see
it once or twice a year. 有些人仍然住在家乡。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
三．重点知识点讲解
Section A
1.You can also give old things away to people in need.
   你也能捐赠旧东西给那些需要的人们。
【解析】 in need 需要；需求
【拓展】in danger 在危险中     in trouble在困境中  
in silence 在沉默中     in good health 在好的健康状态中
Eg : A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情

2.  Because I don’t read it anymore . 因为我不用再读了。
【解析】no more ;not … anymore/  no longer ;not... any longer不再  
词语
同义词
用法
no longer
not… any longer
强调时间或动作“不再延续” , 与延续性动词连用
no more
not … any more
强调数量和程度“不再增加” , 与非延续性动词连用
位置区别： 当修饰动词时，no longer通常置于be或行为动词前；
                         no more一般置于行为动词后。
   not... any longer与not... any more常置于句末。
Eg:  He can no longer walk. = He can’t walk any longer
     The little girl no more cried. = The little girl didn’t cry any more.

3. Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. 因为自从我很小的时候我就有它了。
【解析】since 自从
 Since +从句（一般过去时），主句用现在完成时
 Eg:  He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
【辨析】since 与for 在现在完成时态中的用法：
since
其后接时间点或时态为一般过去时
的句子，表示某事是从什么时候开始的
I’ve been a soldier since two years ago
for
其后接时间段，
表示某事持续了多长时间
I’ve been a soldier for two years.

4.  I have something for the kids, 我有一些孩子们的东西。
【解析】for 给；为了
介词for用法归纳
用法1：(表目的)为了。They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
用法2：(表利益)为，为了。 What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？

5.I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months.我拥有这本杂志已经几个月了。
【解析】a couple of 几个；一些= a few 后接可数名词复数
    a couple of “一对” ,尤指夫妻、情侣
Eg : I’ll be back in a couple of days. (几天)

6.We’ve decided to each sell five things we no longer use.
  我们已经决定每人卖出去五件我们不用的东西。
【解析1】decide 决定
decide v 决定→-decision n 决定
(1)decide to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事 
(2)make a decision 做决定

【解析2】no longer = not ... any long 不再
【在句中位置】no longer 位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后；
   not ... any longer   not 常与助动词或情态动词连用，any longer 位于句末。
I no longer live in this city. = I don’t live in this city any longer.
【辨析】 no longer, not ... any longer; no more , not... any more.
词语
同义词
用法
no longer
not ... any longer
强调时间或动作“不再延续” ，与延续动词连用
no more
not ... any more
强调数量和程度“不再增加” 与非延续动词连用
Eg:  He can no longer walk  = He can’t walk any longer.
     I have no more money to give you.= I don’t have money to give you any more.

7. For example , he’s owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven.
例如，从他四岁生日以来，就已经拥有了这列火车和铁轨的组合，大约七岁之前他几乎每周都要玩这个玩具。
【解析】own 拥有
own v 拥有→owner n 物主
 of one’s own 某人自己的      the owner of … ……的所有者

8. My daughter was more understanding , although she felt sad to part with certain  toys.我女儿比较通情达理，尽管要失去某些玩具也让她感到难过。
【解析1】part with 与……分开；失去（尤指舍不得的东西）
  Eg: They were sorry to part with the old house.

【解析2】certain  ⑴ 某种； 某事；某人 （在句中只能做定语，常与不定代词a连用，可修饰单、复数名词）
  Eg:  A certain person called on me yesterday.
                  ⑵ adj. 确实的，无疑的
 be certain of 对某事有把握           They are certain of success.
 be certain to do sth 肯定做某事       He is certain to come.
 be certain +that确信                 I’m certain that he’ll come.

9. As for me, I didn’t want to give up my football shirts , but , to be honest , I     haven’t playedfor a while now.
对于我来说，我不想放弃我的足球衫，但说实话，现在我有段时间没踢足球了。
【解析1】as for 至于；关于 （后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语）
   Eg:  As for computer, I’m not telling you anything.

【解析2】 to be honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说；说实话
【拓展】honest adj. 诚实的（反）dishonest adj. 不诚实的
an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩
【注】honest 以元音音素开头，所以前面的定冠词要用an.

【解析3】for a while 一会儿
      She　likes　to　lie　down　for　a　while　after　lunch.

10.What will they do with the money they raise from the sale?
  他们要用卖东西筹集来的钱做什么？
【解析】do with 处理；对付（某人或某物）
             deal with  处理  与how 连用
 do with 处理    与what 连用
do with
“处理；安置”，强调处理的对象，常与what连用
I don’t know what to do with these letters.
deal with
“处理；应付”，强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用
He taught me how to deal with pressure.

Section B
11.We can often guess what a text is about by using what we already know.
我们通常可以用原有的知识来猜测一篇文章写的是什么。
【解析】by的用法：
 (1)by doing sth 通过…方式  by studying with a group
【注】介词短语作方式状语，回答以How开头的问句， 表示“怎样做”。

 (2) by+ 交通工具（交通工具前不能加限定词） by bike   by train
【短语】
by the way 顺便问一下     by accident= by chance 偶然地  by mistake 错误地
one by one 一个接一个      step by step 一步一步地      little by little 逐渐地
by the time 到……为止  by oneself 独自地       
  by and by 不久之后     by hand 用手      by the end of 到….... 末尾

12.However , others may only see it once or twice a year.
   但是，其他的人或许一年只能看到一两次。

【解析】once or twice 一两次
    once = one time一次       twice= two times 两次
   三次或三次以上用：“基数词+times”
    three times 三次  four times 四次   three or four times 三到四次

13.Among these is Zhong Wei a 46-year-old husband and father.
  钟伟就是其中的一个人，他46岁，身为人夫和人父。
【解析】 among   prep在（其中）； …….之一
among
介词，表示在三个或三个以上的人或物之中
The girl disappeared among the crowd
between
介词；表示两者之间
between … and …
I sit between Sue and Jane.

14.“It’s a shame, but I just don’t have the time.” he says.
“说起来真惭愧，但是我实在没有时间，”他说。
【解析】 shame  n 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧
It’s a shame to do sth 做某事是可耻的 It’s a shame to lie.
【拓展】 在口语中常用“ That’s a shame! / It’s a shame! /What a shame!”
真遗憾；多可惜啊

15.I used to return home at least once a year, but I haven’t been back for almost three years now. 过去我至少一年回一次家，但是我差不多三年没有回去了。
【解析1】return ⑴ v 回；返回  He returned home yesterday.
⑵v 归还；放回 He returned her book

【解析2】be back 返回 （强调状态，若表示“回到某地” 则要在其后加介词to）
We are all happy to be back to school after the long holiday.
【短语】go back 走回来   get back 回去    come back 回来
give back 归还     run back 跑回   look back 回顾

16.Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.许多像钟伟那样的人视他们家乡发生了什么变化为最大的兴趣。
【解析】 regard 将……认为，把……视为
regard…with… 对……持某种态度   
regard … as … 把…… 当作…… I regard you as my friend.
17.Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid 20thcentury.在我那所曾经上过的、自20世纪中期就建起来的旧小学里，孩子们已经学会了读书和数数。
【解析1】count  v  数数  The little girl can count.

【解析2】century n 百年；世纪
世纪的表达法：
表示多少世纪要用序数词，序数词前一定要加the.
【结构1】“在……世纪” in the + 序数词 + century
 He was born in the 20th century.
表示某世纪某年代，首先要用定冠词，然后在年代后加s.
【结构2】“…….世纪…… 年代”  in 1840是= 1840’s   19世纪40年代
the 1860s  19世纪60年代

18.consider 仔细考虑
【解析】consider v 考虑=think about
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
【归纳记忆】后跟动名词的动词和短语：
完成，实践， 值得， 忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）
考虑,建议，不禁， 想  （consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）
错过，习惯，放弃      （miss, be used to, give up ）
继续，喜欢，介意      （ keep on, enjoy, mind）

                    Unit 10    当堂测试题
1.She_____ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.
   A. has been away from              B. has left         C. had left
2.“Did you borrow the comic book from the library?”
   “ Yes. I _____ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon.
   A. borrowed       B. kept        C. have borrowed    D. have kept
3. It is late. We can not wait him _____.
   A. any more       B. no more     C. More
4.My grandmother ___ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.
   A．sees          B. can see      C. will see       D. has seen
5.I ______  many new friends since I came here．
    A．make        B．made      C．will make     D．have made
6.—_______ have you been in the sports club?
 —Since the first month I came to the school.
    A. How old      B. How long      C. How much        D. How soon
7.—What did you get _____ your mother ____ Mother’s Day?
 —A beautiful card and a scarf.
    A. for; in        B. for; on      C. to; for
8.The children decide ____ their school yard this Friday afternoon.
    A. clean        B. to clean     C. cleaning    D. cleaned
9.We can’t decide what will happen in our life, but we can decide how we will _____it.
A. agree with   B. begin with    C. deal with   D. come up with
10.— ____ do you ____ your broken watch?
      — I am going to take it to the watchmaker’s .
   A. How; do with             B. What; deal with  
   C. How; deal with            D. What; did with
11.-- ____ did you get there?     — By ___ a taxi.
    A. How; taking     B. How ; take    C. How; took    D. What; taking
12.—How do you learn English words?
   _____ making flashcards.
    A. To              B. By         C. For     D. With
13.The workers will build a new railroad ___ the two cities.
    A. since     B. between    C. among    D. during.
14.His grade in the exam put him ___ the top students in his class.
    A. between        B. over       C. among       D. above
15.______! You are leaving a good job.
A. What a shame              B. How nice   
C. Have a good time           D. Congratulations
16.Don’t ____ others ___ fools! They know the truth of the matter.
        A. remember; to     B. regard ; with   C. take; for    D. regard ; as

薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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