论工业化商业化对美国英语的影响.doc

The Influence of Industrialization and Commercialization on American EnglishAbstract：Highly developed industry and commerce grew the Americans feverish consumption idea of materialism and worship of money .The Americans feverish consumption brought variety sorts of waste phenomenon .Someone called the country a throwaway society .Of course , most Americans knew how to get their moneys worth. From some pouplar proverbs in American English, we can easily see how people treat money and wealth in such a highly developed country. Key words：Industrialization; Commercialization; American English 论工业化、商业化对美国英语的影响内容摘要：高度发达的工业和商业滋长了美国人的销费狂热，物质至上主义以及对金钱的崇敬，美国的消费狂热中伴有各种浪费现象，有人称它为“a throwaway society”。当然大多数美国人懂得量力而行，从美国英语特别是一些流传的谚语中可清楚的看到生活在一切都被商品化的美国社会里的人们是如何看待金钱和财富的。关键词： 工业化； 商业化； 美国英语Although the United States has experienced the serious economic recession since the 1970s .Worse still, this stationary state continues. It still has the biggest and strongest economic potentiality in the world, because its former economic basis was very powerful.The manufacturing industry, the trade and service industries are the key branches of the economy in the USA. Manufacturing industry projects with the highest output value include: automobile and auto plant, paper and paper product, industry organic chemical plant, airplane and part, communication facility, steel and iron and concise petroleum. In addition, other manufacturing industry projects have also occupied a position of strategic importance, such as: the textile and the clothing, the computer, the electronic component, the building material and food drink and so on. The United States domestic trade is very broad in scale, at the same time, it has many difference channels which are used for circulation of commodities. There are many different kinds of service industries. The population who engaged in service trade is to make up 20 percent of people who obtain employment. The output value of service trades amounts to 30 percent of GNP in USA.The highly developed industry and trade developed Americans fanaticism for consumption, material benefits as well as money. Commercial advertisements exist everywhere in USA. All of these advertisements constantly stimulate peoples desire for purchasing goods. Statistics shows in the American society each ordinary consumer can read 1,600 advertisements through different kinds of channels per day. An average American family may be disturbed by 117 advertisements through broadcasting station and television channels . Therefore, many brief eye-catching advertisement languages (slogans) all effectively got their agitation function taken effect. Here we only choose some pieces from the world of the United States commercial advertisements as examples:When you make a great beer, you dont have to make a great fuss. 酿造出上好的啤酒，就无须大肆夸耀。 Any bar that serves Remy Martin XO is not just any bar.任何供应Remy Martin XO的酒吧都是非同寻常的酒吧。Coke Adds Life. 可口可乐带来活力。Enjoy the flavor of the worlds No. 1.请君享受世界一流的味道万宝路香烟广告In just one soaping, this mans skin will start living better.只须用本厂品擦洗一次，此君的皮肤就将开始变得更美好，舒适男士肥皂的广告，附有图片Health and Comfort Can be yours!With this contemporary leather recliner 有了这种具有当代实用派设计特点的皮革躺椅，健康与舒适将会属于你！Because You Derserve It. 由于你本来就该拥有它福特费尔莱恩汽车广告，附有图片以及介绍该型号福特汽车优异性能的广告文字Many English scholars have made a special study on English in advertising, such as Geoffrey leech, ovoid crystal and so on. These scholars objective point mainly is the characteristic of advertisement English language, which included the glossary, grammar and rhetoric characteristics and so on. Regarding the people who engaged in English teaching and the literary style research, it is said that, scholars such as Litchi Stella and so on whose works are having the great significance of inspiration, as space is limited, we do not narrate and comment this topic in this research results. We must discuss commercial advertising take efforts on the expense consciousness and life style of Americans.There is no doubt that so many and varied commercial advertisements have a strong appeal to different American consumers. For example, the consumer has one kind of psychology which hope generally oneself maintains the youth appearance and the healthy vigor, therefore, in the advertisement propagandizes having “mysterious effect” each kind puts on make-up to protect the thing, the nutrition health foods always is extremely good. Also for example, take “the charm”, “the demeanor”, “the style”, “the leader elegant demeanor”, “super enjoys” as the rallying point automobile, the high-quality photographic camera, nurtures the divine or pristine element within oneself the acoustics equipment high, the precious wrist watch, the jewelry and the name brand clothing advertisement similarly also can cause the multitudinous consumers to move for it. The upper classes of society and the middle class look upon with favor specially to this kind of commodity, because these goods are more luxurious expensive more manifest the buyer and owners superior social economy status.All kinds of trades and professions which are related to service one called service industries or service trades in American English, such as transport shipping industry, the tourism, the banking industry, the insurance business as well as other kinds of consuming service. They all have more visitors or business than one can attend to. Many American are been on traveling , the rich goes to the sunlight to be sufficient frequently, the scenery beautiful seashore takes vacation; the income only achieved general level incapably undertakes the expenditure which that kind enjoys Luxuriously, but they are also accustomed to the weekend holiday go by car tour for a picnic or the participation travel agency. Thereupon, the traveling has also became one expense way, arises at the historic moment with the traveling related each kind of service organization and the revise project, in the American English has increased such as a along with it. ( attaches moors a ship wharf facility aquatic hotel this word is boat and the hotel condensation.) motel (usually attaches garage or parking lot motel, this word is motel and the hotel condensation) and so on newly creation words and expressions. In addition, the trailers cheek , travelers credit is also used widely rapidly.Obviously, Americans great passion in consumer goods is accompanied by all kinds of wasting phenomenon. Some people are called this country a throwaway society, because in the market sells many type every day use small commodities and the article of stationery all are the disposable uses, then throws the garbage heap with after. Most typical is the disposable use cringe vessel, the tableware, the pen, the ball pen, the cigarette lighter and so on, these goods are produced unceasingly, the sale, use and discard. Therefore, raw material is made very quickly the commodity, after but also takes the astonishing speed evolution as trash.Almost each American family accumulates a big sack of trash every day. Most of these trash are food packing material, remaining food, the bottle bottle pot pot and the paper carton, in addition, they also includes junk mail (here “junk mail” refers to batches of advertising propaganda materials which are sent by the firm through post and telecommunications office.) Once the durable goods (such as furniture, domestic electric appliances and so on.) receive the quite serious damage, they will be thrown away because it costs too much to have them repaired. So it is wiser of people to buy a new one instead. It must point out that American who can indulge in luxury and extravagance are in the minority after all. Regarding the overwhelming majority American the more periphery living conditions stimulates the purchase desire the more necessary to remind oneself do what one can, reduces blindness as far as possible. American an pet phrase is “get my moneys worth”. When purchase goods, they can choose carefully, if purchase big-ticket item goods or valuables they must calculate earnestly, compares each place price before hand. The store hangs indicates bargain sale, clearance sale, discount sale, the special sale advertisement often has very strong attraction to the residents.In the American society, nearly everything can be commercialized； everything can be bought and sold. The billionaires and millionaires may spend money easily, obtain variously luxuriously entertainment. Not only that, they also may take money to buy the privilege, the prestige and the safety and security. Relies on the economic potentiality, they crush or annex a scale younger enterprise with fulfilled, even can control the economical situation and the political affairs. But in another extreme, the penniless beggar have to warders about destitute the street corner poverties. Was situated between most wealthy and the most impoverished, has accounted for the American population enormous proportion. To some degree, many people must try to preserves oneself depends on make money to make a living, some people then earnestly were anticipating can make money same day, leading the comfortable luxurious life.Folk circulating proverbs usually reveal pointedly, which reflect peoples value notion in specific social culture. We cited some American proverbs as follows, from which we can easily observed how people living in such American society as all have been commercialized regard money and wealth. A rich man is either a rogue or a rogues heir. 一个富人不是无赖便是无赖的继承人。 A rich mans foolish sayings pass for wise ones. 一个有钱人的傻话被当作明智之言。Mention hard cash and the world turns soft.一说到钱，世人就变得软弱了。Money breeds money. 钱能生钱；以钱赚钱。Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience and truth may be drowned. 金钱是一个无底大海，节操、良心和真理也许在里面淹死。Money is the root of all evil. 金钱是万恶之源。Money recommends a man everywhere. 钱使一个人畅行无阻。Money talks. 金钱最有发言权；金钱万能。Money unmakes its makers.赚得金钱，损了德性。Money will do anything.钱能神通；有钱好办事。Rich folk have many friends.富人朋友多。Riches are gotten with pain, kept with care, and lost with grief.财富得之不易，存之忧虑，失之悲痛。Riches are the pillar of the world.财富是世界的支柱。 Bibliography :1.He Tian, Meng Jiyou, A Cultural Background for English Study，Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 19842.Zhu Yongtao,A Handbook to Essentials of British and American Cultures, Beijing :Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 19943.Lai Luning,Cultural Background for English Study: A Survey of Europe, Beijing :Peking University Press, 20234.Deng Yanchang,Liu Runqing,Language and Culture，Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 19895.Wang Bo, Selected Readings in American History & Culture，Beijing :Peking University Press, 2023