英语泛读教程第二册第三版UnitMigratoryBirdsandCoffee省公共课一等奖全国赛课.pptx

1.Text Migratory Birds and CoffeeUnit 4 第1页Vocabulary1.migratory bird候鸟2.shade-grown 阴地生长,遮阳植物下生长3.conservation 保护4.sanctuary:place of protection 避难所5.habitat栖息地6.warbler刺嘴莺7.redstart 红尾鸲8.woodcreeper 旋木雀9.canopy:shelter遮盖，天蓬，苍穹10.chemical fertilizer化肥11.insecticide杀虫剂12.herbicide除草剂13.fungicide杀菌剂14.pesticide杀虫剂15.agronomic农学；农艺-agronomy 农学；农艺学；农业管理16.permanent永久17.avifauna（一个地域或国家）鸟类第2页Vocabulary18.convert to:change into转变，改变19.be compatible with和.一致，相容20.maintenance-maintain保持21.overstory(Arch.)(Obs.):an upper story 上 层；上 层 understory 下层；下层22.indigenous本土，国产23.agroforestry农林学24.mulch 林地覆盖物，护根物25.land erosion土壤流失26.nutrient营养成份 27.toxicity毒性28.reserve保护区29.biological diversity生物多样性30.orchid蓝科植物31.amphibian两栖动物32.refuge避难所33.rival相比，竞争34.in that：because因为35.benign适宜，良性，和善第3页Vocabulary36.respectively各自，分别37.revenue年产量38.agribusiness作为当代商业经营农业；农业商业化；农业产业化39.cacao 可可(树)(cacao beans)40.run-off(technical):rain or other liquid that flows off land into rivers 径流；径流量；溢流41.run-off（生产过程中排出）废物；废液eg.burst for a run-off 急着要小便42.time-honored only before noun历史悠久；因古老而受到尊重43.technify 技术化；使技术化-technified coffee 技术化咖啡种植44.acidification酸化45.micro-climate微气候46.resident 留鸟；无迁徙习性动物47.deliberate:thoughtful有意，深思熟虑48.make ends meet维持生计49.cropland 田地，耕地，农田50.cash crop经济作物第4页Vocabulary51.safeguard:protect保护52.temperate温带，温和53.intensive management 集约化管理54.endangered濒临灭绝55.ponder:think思索56.revert 改回；变回；恢复使用；重新使用；再次采取57.rodenticide 杀鼠剂，灭鼠药58.concoction 调制品，调和物-concoct 调制；配置；混合59.organochlorine 有机氯；有机氯杀虫剂60.mart(AmE):a market or shopping centre 市场；购物中心61.verge on empty 靠近没有；差不多没有；快光了；快用完了62.Neotropical 新热带（指中南美洲）63.stopover 中途停留地64.suburbia郊区65.antibody 抗体 第5页Do you know the names of these birds?Redstart Woodcreeper Black-throated green warblerParrot 第6页redstarts红尾鸲7第7页Black-throated green warbler黑喉绿刺嘴莺8第8页woodcreeper旋木雀9第9页Background Information Migratory birds:很很多多鸟鸟类类含含有有沿沿纬纬度度季季节节迁迁移移特特征征，夏夏天天时时候候这这些些鸟鸟在在纬纬度度较较高高温温带带地地域域繁繁殖殖，冬冬天天时时候候则则在在纬纬度度较较低低热热带带地地域域过过冬冬。夏夏末末秋秋初初时时候候这这些些鸟鸟类类由由繁繁殖殖地地往往南南迁迁移移到到渡渡冬冬地地，而而在在春春天天时时候候由由渡渡冬冬地地北北返返回回到到繁繁殖殖地地。这这些些伴伴随随季季节节改改变变而而南南北北迁迁移移鸟鸟类类称称之之为为候候鸟鸟(migrant)。第10页Do you like drinking coffee?There are two kinds of coffee plantations:Shade coffee plantation VS.sun coffee plantationSun coffee plantationShade coffee plantation第11页Structure of this text Part 1(Para.1)Part 2(Para.2-17)Part 3(Para.18)12第12页Main idea of each paragraphPara.1:Coffee plantation support good populations of migratory birds and other species that prefer or are restricted to forest habitats.Para.2:shade coffee plantation is a threatened habitat because of recent changes in coffee production and marketing.Para.3:the danger caused by conversion from shade coffee plantation to sun coffee plantation to migratory birds.第13页Main idea of each paragraphPara.4:shade coffee plantation is beneficial to the subsistence of migratory birds.Para.5:assertion by J.T.“coffee and cacao make good migrant habitat.”Para.6:constitution of a traditionally-managed coffee plantationPara.7:functions of shade trees Para.8:traditional coffee plantations can be thought as modified forest habitats.第14页Main idea of each paragraphPara.9:large coverage of coffee plantation of the area that are heavily used by migratory birds.Para.10:other indicators of the importantce of coffee plantations.Para.11:functions of shade trees in L.A and C.Para.12:main coffee producing and consuming areas.Para.13:the economical value of coffee.第15页Main idea of each paragraphPara.14-15:requirements and disadvantages of sun coffee plantation.Para.16:producing coffee in a traditinal way can bring a win-win situation.Para.17:crisis in coffee production in some areas.Para.18:conclusion:restate the maitainace of migratory birds rely not only on the conservation habitats but also the quality of human-managed habitats.第16页Possible difficult words,phrases and sentences(ll.4-5)A greater number is found in other agricultural habitats,and exceeded only in undisturbed tropical forests.在农业栖息地，发觉鸟类数目更大，只只有有未受侵扰热带森林才会超出这个数目。17第17页Possible difficult words,phrases and sentences(ll.5-6)Even in very disturbed areas,coffee plantations support good populations of migratory birds and other species that prefer or are restricted to forest habits,such as redstarts and black-throated green warblers,and residents including parrots and woodcreepers.即使在受到较大侵扰地域，咖啡种植园也滋养着为数可观喜欢或仅限于森林栖息地候鸟和其它物种，如红尾鸲和黑喉绿莺，以及包含鹦鹉和旋木雀在内留鸟。18第18页Possible difficult words,phrases and sentences(ll.11-12)While this manner of cultivation produces increased yields,these cannot be kept for many years without intensive management(additions of chemical fertilizers and a range of insecticides,herbicides and fungicides).即使这么种植方式提升了产量，不过假如没有集约化管理（增加化肥和各种除虫剂、除草剂和杀真菌剂），这么产量是无法维持很多年。19第19页Possible difficult words,phrases and sentences(l.48)Traditional coffee plantations can be thought of as modified forest habits.能够将传统咖啡种植园看成经过改造森林栖息地。传统咖啡种植园能够看成改进森林栖息地。20第20页Possible difficult words,phrases and sentences(ll.48-50)Evidence suggests that up-mountain and northward movements are timed to take advantage of the blossoming of plantation trees.有证据显示，向山区和向北移动是依时而为，为是利用种植园树木花期。21第21页Possible difficult words,phrases and sentences(ll.81-85)While technified coffee may mean benefits to producers in terms of total crop outputthe relentless push of agribusiness to produce more coffee per unit area may have serious environmental and social consequences.即使经过技术改造咖啡对生产者来说可能意味着总产量方面收益不过一味推进农业产业化从从而而使使得得单单位位面面积积咖咖啡啡产产量量更更高高做法可能带来严重环境和社会后果。22第22页Questions for discussion:1.What is the traditional way of planting coffee?2.What are the advantages of traditional coffee plantations?3.What are the advantages and disadvantages of sun coffee production?4.What are the hidden forces that are responsible for the emergence of the new mode of production?5.Is there such a similar situation in your home town that people abandon their old good ways of life and production in favor of those trendy styles?23第23页The main ideaMigratory birds and traditional coffee plantations are closely related in North and Latin America.The former relies on the latter.Migratory birds can find a satisfying sanctuary in shade-grown（遮阳植物下生长）coffee plantations.These traditional coffee plantations provide a forest-like environment for good populations of migrants.24第24页The main ideaPitifully,however,over the past two decades,farmers turn to sun coffee production for financial and other reasons.Such a manner of production,which produces increased yields,does not provide as a good habitat as shade coffee plantations,for migratory birds.It has been found that the diversity of migratory birds drops sharply when coffee is converted from shade to sun.25第25页The main ideaBesides the sharp decrease in the diversity of migratory birds in sun coffee areas,the new mode of production brings forth environmental and social problems.These problems include greater soil erosion,acidification,and higher amounts of toxic run-off（有毒废液）.In addition,farmers have to do harder manual labor on such plantations.And their health is undermined when they are often exposed to toxic substances such as pesticides.26第26页The main ideaBut it seems that the world have no way to rein in（遏制）such non-traditional,bird-unfriendly styles of production in the process of local development,due to a combination of complex factors.27第27页 Main idea of the textPlease use 5 to 8 sentences to summary the main idea of the text.28第28页Aloud-readingTo read the whole text loudly.Requirement：1.声音响亮声音响亮2.发发音地道音地道3.连贯连贯流利流利4.声情适切声情适切29第29页第30页2.Reading skillsUnit 4:Understanding the TopicUnit 5:Determining the Main Idea31第31页3.Fast readingPassage 132第32页Pictures of some species of birds and CarsonPeregrine falcon（游隼）also known as the Peregrine,and historically as the Duck Hawk in North America,is a widespread bird of prey in the family Falconidae.33第33页Osprey 鹗（一个鱼鹰，腹部羽毛为白色）34第34页斯温森鹰A large Buteo hawk of the Falconiformes.This species was named after William Swainson,a British naturalist.35第35页Rachel Carson(1907-1964),an American marine biologist and conservationist whose book Silent Spring and other writings are credited with advancing the global environmental movement.Rachel Carson36第36页3.1.2 The main ideaThis passage tells about the environmental damage caused by pesticides.These chemical concoctions are particularly hazardous to bird species.In America,due to the overuse of pesticides,the numbers of many bird species began to drop sharply in the 1940s.Some species were on the verge of extinction.Many people,including Rachel Carson,were concerned about the serious problem.They called for the ban of the most harmful pesticide DDT.Their efforts were rewarding.37第37页3.1.2 The main ideaIn the 1970s DDT and most other organochlorines were banned for use in the United States.Since the ban,numbers of the more severely affected bird species have slowly recovered.However,the issue of pesticide pollution is far from solved.Although the United States does not use DDT,it continues to export DDT and other pesticides to Latin America where large birds of prey are affected.38第38页排版纠正(p.16)Silent Spring 应该斜体，因为这是书名。书名在文章中一律斜体。39第39页3.2 Passage 23.2.1 The main ideaMigratory birds need a good stopover for rest and food on their way to southward migration.This is similar to the fact that a driver needs a rest area for gasoline and other services after he has been driving for hours.Unfortunately,many stopover habitats have now been damaged,destroyed or polluted.So migratory birds that have come a long way from the northern areas cannot find a suitable place to stop for a rest.Their migration entails risks and even deaths.Unchecked human activity aggravate such dangers.Human-made dangers include shooting and trapping.40第40页3.2.3 延伸阅读南方周末10月4日第12版“环境”板块候鸟迷失呼唤“湿地红线”http:/ Passage 33.3.1 The main ideaThis passage tells about American robins（美洲知更鸟）.This kind of songbird likes to live close to humans.They are not particularly common in natural habitats.They feed on insects and worms.However,life in suburban areas is not without its costs.They suffer from lead pollution.They have high levels of lead in the blood.One more problem they face is that they are exposed to the danger of mosquito-borne West Nile virus.But some of them survive the virus infection.In recent years,robin populations as a whole have slowly increased.46第46页American Robin 美洲知更鸟47第47页4.Home ReadingInsects4.1 The main ideaThis passage tells about the ABC of insects.An adult insect is divided into three parts called the head,the thorax,and the abdomen.All adult insects have six legs.An insect does not have bones inside its body,unlike human beings.Insects do not take air in through their mouths but through small holes in the sides of their thorax and abdomen.Insects do not have veins and arteries to carry their blood around their bodies.Their digestive system runs through the middle of their bodies.Their nervous system carries messages from one part of the body to another.48第48页4.1 The main ideaAll insects hatch from eggs produced by the adult female insect.Most insects hatch from the eggs looking completely unlike the way they will look as adults.But some young insects hatch from their eggs,looking almost exactly like the adults they will grow into.Many kinds of insects can jump as well as walk.Most types of insect can fly.Many types of insects have very big eyes.Some have compound eyes;some have simple eyes.Insects do not have ears like human beings,but most kinds can still hear sounds.They have hairs on their bodies that can pick up sound vibrations in the air.49第49页Crane fly 大蚊（一个身细足长飞虫，形似蚊子而不叮人，在英国也称daddy longlegs）（英汉大词典，p.428）50第50页拼写错误p.66(ll.36-37)Each of these is responsible or controlling a different part of the insects body.改为for51第51页