英语句子成分省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定语法结构组成，是句子是由词按照一定语法结构组成，是能表示一个完整概念语言单位句子第能表示一个完整概念语言单位句子第一个字母必须一个字母必须大写大写，结尾要有，结尾要有？！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is!第1页英语英语基本成份有基本成份有七七种：种：主语（主语（subjectsubject）、谓语）、谓语（predicatepredicate）、表语（）、表语（predicativepredicative）、宾语）、宾语（objectobject）、定语（）、定语（attributeattribute）、状语）、状语(adverbial)(adverbial)和补语（和补语（complementcomplement）。英语句子基本结构能够归纳成英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五五种基本句型种基本句型.句子包含哪些成份？句子包含哪些成份？第2页Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第3页第4页主语（主语（subject）:句子叙述主体，普通位于句首句子叙述主体，普通位于句首The sun rises in the east.（名词）（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词数词)Fishing is allowed.（动名词）（动名词）第5页The rich should help the poor.名词化形容词名词化形容词第6页1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！第7页找出下面句子主语找出下面句子主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测主语小测第8页单项选择：单项选择：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaiforExplo nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They第9页第10页谓语（谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈说，表示是对主语加以陈说，表示主语行为或状态，惯用动词或者动词词组担主语行为或状态，惯用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语后面。任，放在主语后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.第11页Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成第12页Open the door,please!Go and get some water for me.Dont laugh at others!Dont come back late tonight.祈使句：祈使句：1.省略主语省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形第13页找出以下句子谓语找出以下句子谓语Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?Didthetwinshaveeggsfortheirbreakfast?第14页Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Heisinterestedinmusic.Whomdidyougivemybookto?第15页按要求找出以下句子主谓：按要求找出以下句子主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）（谓）3.Dontgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike（主谓）（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）（主谓）主谓小测主谓小测祈使句祈使句,省略主语省略主语you第16页1.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单项选择：单项选择：Itsadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语 to finish第17页3._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语动名词做主语感官动词感官动词+adj.第18页第19页宾语：宾语：动宾表示行为对象，放在及物动动宾表示行为对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?第20页Heisafraidofher-hisheadteacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介介词词后面后面宾语宾语：介介宾宾注意：人称代注意：人称代词词要用要用宾宾格格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she第21页Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间间接接宾语宾语(sb)+直接直接宾语宾语(sth)：双双宾宾第22页IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语第23页Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?找出以下句子宾语找出以下句子宾语第24页5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.第25页表语：表语：表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词系动词后面后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.第26页除了除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也能够用作系动词，系动词外，还有一些动词也能够用作系动词，1)表表感官动词感官动词:2)表表转变改变转变改变动词动词:3)表表延续延续动词动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等等。第27页宾语补足语宾语补足语在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表示完整意在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表示完整意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表示思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表示完整意思完整意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样作它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样作用用 If you let me go,Ill make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.The boss keeps them working all day.第28页挑出以下句中宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?第29页状语状语状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生行为发生时间，地点，目标，方式，程度时间，地点，目标，方式，程度He did it carefully.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.第30页定语定语定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都能够充当定语从句都能够充当定语 The black bike is mine.Whats your name?A broken vase.I have 5 books.A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.It is a swimming pool.第31页第32页英语句子种类英语句子种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)第33页英英语语句句子子基基本本结结构构能能够够归归纳纳成成五五种种基基本本句句型型及及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构基础掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。一：一：（主（主谓谓）二：二：（主系表）（主系表）三：三：（主（主谓谓宾宾）四：四：（主（主谓谓间宾间宾直直宾宾）五：五：（主（主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补）第34页.简单句简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第35页Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第36页基本句型基本句型 一：一：（主谓）（主谓）主主语语：能能够够作作主主语语成成份份有有名名词词，主主格格代代词词，动动词不定式，动名词等等。主语普通在句首。词不定式，动名词等等。主语普通在句首。谓谓语语：谓谓语语由由动动词词组组成成，是是英英语语时时态态、语语态态改改变变主主角角，普普通通在在主主语语之之后后。不不及及物物动动词词（vi.vi.）没没有有宾语，形成主谓结构，宾语，形成主谓结构，如：如：We come.We come.第37页 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Tom gets up.2.What happened?3.It does not matter.4.They talked.此句型句子有一个此句型句子有一个共同特点共同特点，即句子谓语，即句子谓语动词动词都能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，都能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第38页基本句型基本句型 二：二：（主系表）（主系表）此此句句型型句句子子有有一一个个共共同同特特点点：句句子子谓谓语语动动词词都都不不能能表表示示一一个个完完整整意意思思，必必须须加加上上一一个个表表明明主主语语身身份份或或状状态态表表语语组组成成复复合合谓谓语语，才才能能表表示示完完整整意意思思。这这类类动词动词叫做叫做连连系系动词动词。第39页系系系系动动动动词词词词分分两两类类：be,be,look,look,keep,keep,seemseem等等，表表情情况况；get,grow,become,turnget,grow,become,turn等属另一等属另一类类，表改，表改变变。感官感官感官感官动词动词动词动词多可用作多可用作连连系系动词动词：look well/面色好面色好,sound nice/听起来不听起来不错错,feel good/感感觉觉好，好，smell bad/难闻难闻 第40页（是系动词）（是系动词）（表语）（表语）1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The food smells good.3.Everything looks different.4.He is tall and strong.5.His face turned red.第41页基本句型基本句型 三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此此句句型型句句子子共共同同特特点点是是：谓谓语语动动词词都都含含有有实实义义，都都是是主主语语产产生生动动作作，但但不不能能表表示示完完整整意意思思，必必须须跟跟有有一一个个宾宾语语，即即动动作作承承受受者者，才才能能使使意意思思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第42页（及物动词）（及物动词）（宾语）（宾语）1.Who knows the answer?2.I saw a film yesterday.3.He enjoys reading.4.He said Good morning.5.He knows what he should do.第43页基本句型基本句型 四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）有有 些些 及及 物物 动动 词词 能能 够够 有有 两两 个个 宾宾 语语，egeg：givegive/buybuy/bringbring/showshow。这这两两个个宾宾语语通通常常一一个个指人指人(间接宾语间接宾语)；一个指物；一个指物(直接宾语直接宾语)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give me a cup of tea please.-Show this house to Mr.Smith.-Bring it to me,please.第44页（及物）（及物）（多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She gave me a smile.2.He brought you a dictionary.3.I showed him my pictures.1.4.I told him that the bus was late.2.5.He showed me how to run the machine.第45页基本句型基本句型 五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此此句句型型句句子子共共同同特特点点是是：动动词词即即使使是是及及物物动动词词，不不过过只只跟跟一一个个宾宾语语还还不不能能表表示示完完整整意意思思，必必须须加加上上一一个个补补充充成成份份来来补补足足宾宾语语，才才能能使使意意思思完完整。整。宾语补足语宾语补足语：位于：位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明成份。对宾语作出说明成份。第46页（及物）（及物）（宾语宾语）（宾补宾补）1.They painted the door green.2.This let them think.3.They found the house empty.4.He asked me to come back soon.5.I saw them getting on the bus.第47页a，b，c，d，e，1，Please tell us a story._2,She smiled._3.I have a lot work to do._4.His job is to train swimmers._5.He saw a man enter the room._6.Please look at the picture._daebec第48页