英语语法否定转移省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Transferred Negation第1页 否定转移是指否定形式在谓语动词，而否定信息焦点却在状语和表语，或否定形式在主句，而否定信息焦点却在从句。简单地说，就是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分现象。这是英语一个习惯思维方法，与汉语不一样。第2页 一、在表示“看法”谓语动词上否定形式，语义上却是否定后面宾语从句。这类动词有：think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,anticipate,fancy,consider,find,guess,be supposed to,calculate,figure,reckon。I dont believe Ive met you before.我认为我没有见过你。I dont think you will be late.我认为你不会迟到第3页 上述表示“看法”或“判断”动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移：九种情况不转移第4页二、在表示“感觉”谓语动词上否定形式，语义上却否定表语部分。这类动词有：appear,seem,feel,sound,taste,smell,as if，feel,look,feel like,look like.Im not feeling very well today.My head aches.(not very well )我今天感到不怎么舒适，头痛。The food doesnt taste fresh.(not fresh.)食物尝起来不鲜。第5页It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。三、seem,prove,happen 与不定式组成复合谓语，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定不定式。The president didnt happen to attend that meeting.(happen not to attend )董事长恰巧没参加那次会议。Your answer doesnt seem to be right.(seem not to be)你答案看起来似乎不正确。第6页四、pretend,remember 宾语为非谓语动词时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语,即非谓语动词。My Italian friend didnt pretend to see her tutor in the dining room.(pretend not to see )我意大利朋友在餐厅里假装没看见她导师。I couldnt remember having carried my wallet out.(否定having)我记得不曾带钱包出门。第7页五、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语补足语。We do not consider melting or boiling to be chemical change.(not to be )我们认为熔化和沸腾不是化学反应。I dont think math difficult.我认为数学不难。I dont find the story interesting.我认为这个故事没有趣。I dont expect so.我认为不会。第8页六、在“It is/was likely/probable+从句”中，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定从句。It isnt likely that it will rain tomorrow.看起来明天不会下雨。It isnt probable that he will come here today.他今天可能不会来这里了。七、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定状语或状语从句。Dont judge a man by his appearance.不要以貌取人。第9页Dont read in the sun.不要在阳光下看书。Lets not talk about it here.我们别在这里谈吧。Dont talk with your mouth full of food.不要口里含着食物说话。注：含有not because(of)句子，情况较复杂，需依据逻辑、语境和常识进行判断是否需要作否定转移，如需转移话，往往是由否定谓语转为否定状语。第10页She didnt call you because she loved you.这个句子可能出现两种了解：A.她给你打电话并非因为她爱你。（发生了否定转移）B.她没给你打电话是因为她爱你。（未发生否定转移）到底哪种了解正确，我们无法从逻辑意义上进行区分，这时我们只有借助语境即上下文来分析了。即这类句子是否采取“否定转移”以译文意思合乎逻辑为准则。第11页I dont teach because teaching is easy for me.我教书并不是因为我以为教书轻松。The engine didnt stop because the fuel was used up.发动机并不是因为油用完而停车。He didnt go to class because he was sick.他没去上课，因为他生病了。(这句话不需作否定转移)The manager didnt give a speech because he felt painful in his throat.经理没发表讲话，因为他喉咙痛。第12页八、表示信念信念、看法看法、愿望愿望名词充当主语从句表语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语从句。这类词有：hope,thought,view,opinion,wish,expectation,belief,plan 等。It is not our expectation that you will suffer a lot from that.(will not suffer )我们希望你不要为那事受太多苦。It is not my opinion that you spend much time on computer games.(do not spend )我看法是你不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。第13页It is not their plan that their homework is done on Sunday.他们计划星期天不做家庭作业。九、含有全体意义代词和副词作主语或宾语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语或宾语，表示部分否定。这类词有：all,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely，wholly。I dont like both of them.(not both of them.)这两本小说，我不是都喜欢。第14页All the people didnt know the truth.(Not all the people knew the truth.)并非全部人都知道事情真相。Everybody,it is true,wouldnt like it.(Not everybody)确实不是人人都喜欢它。I dont know all of them.(not all of them)对于他们我不是个个都认识。注：当注：当all 与与can not 或或 wont 组组成否定句式成否定句式时时，其否定不再，其否定不再发发生生转转移，而表示全部否定。移，而表示全部否定。第15页All the foreigners can not pass the borders without visas.全部外国人没有签证均不能过境。All the treatment wont make any help for her disease.全部治疗对他疾病都无用。第16页always否定式：并非总是（并非一直）He is not always so sad.他并不是一直都这么悲伤。第17页entirely,altogether,completely 和quite 否定式：不完全，并非完全(1)The businessman is never to be entirely trusted.不能够完全信任商人。(2)He felt not altogether satisfied.他并不完全满意。(3)I dont agree completely.我并不完全同意。(4)What he did was not quite proper.他做不十分妥当。第18页all the time 否定式：并非一直、未必老是 A foolish man doesnt make a mistake all the time.笨人未必老是犯错误。第19页notand否定式，被否定往往是and后面那一部分。(1)He did not speak clearly and correctly.他讲得清楚但不正确。(2)This film is not interesting and instructive.这部电影有趣但无教育意义。注意：假如将and 换成or，not 对其后 面两部分就全盘否定了。He did not speak clearly or correctly.他讲既不清楚也不正确。第20页全部否定：假如要对前面all,both,every,always，以及entirely,altogether,completely,quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定,那就分别要用与之相对应全否定词：如no,none,neither,no one,never,not(never)at all 等。第21页组成全部否定单词和词组有：never(决不，从来不)，no(没有，不)，not(不，不是)，none(没人，谁都不，没有任何东西)，nobody(没人)，nothing(什么也没有，没有任何事情)，nowhere(没有什么地方)，neither(二者都不)，nor(也没有，也不)，not at all(一点也不)。第22页翻译 (1)The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。(2)He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德 说过怎样怎样，就轻信此事。(3)She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人弟弟就看见她了，并对她美貌着了迷。(4)Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生人。(anyone 作主语，从句中谓语动词 不能用否定形式。)第23页翻译All is not gold that glitters.(Not all that glitters is gold.)发光并不都是金子。发光并不都是金子。Such books cannot be found everywhere.(Not everywhere can such books be found.)这种书并不处处都能找到。这种书并不处处都能找到。I didnt go there just to ask for help.(I went there not just to ask for help.)我去那儿不只是为了求援。我去那儿不只是为了求援。第24页EXERCISE1）I dont feel that my present way of life really fulfils me.我以为我现在生活方式并不能真正让我满足。2）They dont think this book is worth reading.他们以为这本书不值得阅读。第25页EXERCISE 1）Everybody wouldnt like classical music.（误：每个人都不喜欢古典音乐。）并非人人都喜欢古典音乐。2）Both the windows were not open.（误：两扇窗户都没有开着。）并非两扇窗户都开着。第26页EXERCISE1）He doesnt feel a day over forty.他以为自己还不到四十岁。2）A foreign language doesnt seem easy to learn.外语好像不轻易学。第27页EXERCISE 1）He wasnt watching TV all the time.（误：他一直都没在看电视。）他并非一直在看电视。2）People did not shake off colonialists yoke in order to put on hegemonists.(误：人们没有摆脱殖民主义束缚，是为了套上霸权主义枷锁。）人们摆脱了殖民主义束缚，不是为了套上霸权主义枷锁。第28页EXERCISEYou cannot let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read.假如你仅仅是用眼睛把书扫视一遍，你就不可能了解你所阅读东西。第29页EXERCISE a.I didnt do that，because I was afraid of blame.因为怕受责备，所以我没敢做那件事。b.I didnt do that（just）because I was afraid of blame.我并非因为怕受责备才做那件事。第30页EXERCISEYou cannot let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read.假如你仅仅是用眼睛把书扫视一遍，你就不可能了解你所阅读东西。第31页Thank you第32页