主谓一致语法总结省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

主谓一致主谓一致SubjectverbConcord/Agreement主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在人称和数上主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主谓一致有三标准：一致。主谓一致有三标准：语法一致语法一致(Grammatical Concord)意义一致意义一致(Notional Concord)就近标准就近标准(Principle of Proximity)第1页1.Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because_goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.（-50）A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounormeisC.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouare答案：C参考译文：深入讨论这个事情是无益，因为今天你我都在任何事情上不愿达成一致。标准：就近标准Principle of Proximity第2页1）当therebe句型主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近主语保持一致。Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.2）当or,nor,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近主语保持一致。Eitheryouorsheistogo.第3页3)在倒装句中，动词数应和它后面主语数一致。如以here,there开头，be动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：Thereisadognearthedoor.Therewerenoschoolsinthisareabeforeliberation.Herecomesthebus.Onthewallweretwofamouspaintings.HereisMr.Brownandhischildren.第4页2.Mr.Wells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,_forEuropethisafternoon.A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.leave答案：C参考译文：威尔斯先生,连同全部家人,今天下午出发去欧洲。标准：语法一致Grammatical Concord第5页假如主语后跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,but,except,besides,perhaps,like,including,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan,inadditionto,accompaniedby,等引发短语，谓语动词仍与短语前主语形式保持一致。如：1）Hissister,nolessthanyou,iswrong.2）Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefortheaccident.3）He,likeyouandXiaoLiuisverydiligent.4）Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.5）Aliceaswellasherfriendswasinvitedtotheconcert.6）NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.第6页3.Thestatistics_thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.A.provesB.isprovingC.areprovingD.prove答案：D解析：statistics在本句中表示“数据统计”而不是“统计学”，所以谓语动词不可用第三人称单数；另外prove表示“（已）证实”，不可用现在进行时态，所以，D为正确。标准：意义一致Notional Concord第7页以”ics”结尾表示学科名称名词做主语，谓语动词多用单数；但假如其表示“学科”以外其它意义，谓语动词便可用复数。acoustics（声学;音响效果）athletics（体育学;体育运动）economics（经济学;经济意义）ethics（伦理学;行为准则）tactics（兵法;策略）mathematics（数学;运算能力）optics（光学;光线器件）physics（物理学;物理现象）politics（政治学;政治观点）linguistics（语言学）第8页4.All the Presidents Men _oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.（-52）A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremaining答案：B参考译文：惊天大阴谋是一本主要书，可供历史学家研究“水门事件”。解析：All the Presidents Men是一个书名，谓语动词用单数，此句在阐述事实，所以用普通现在时态。第9页复数形式专有名词作为整体对待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）TheUnitedStatesisinNorthAmerica.2）TheUnitedNationshaspassedaresolution（决议）。3）The Arabian Nights（天方夜谭）isaninterestingbook.4）TheNewYorkTimesisagoodnewspaper.第10页5.Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan _.（-61）A.havebeenputinB.hasbeenputinC.beingputinD.tobeputin答案：B解析：本句中连词than后面省略了主语it，此处it指代是前面提到money，所以后面动词用单数；从语义上来看，这里是比较需要钱和已经投入钱，故用现在完成式hasbeenputin第11页6.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?（-65）A.Poultryareveryexpensiveinthecity.B.Newmachinerywereintroducedinthefactory.C.Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemurdercase.D.Themilitiawerecalledouttorescuefloodvictims.答案：B标准：语法一致和意义一致第12页1).通常做复数集体名词，如police,people,folk,youth,clergy（教士）,cattle,militia,poultry（家禽）,vermin（害虫）等；以“ch、sh、-ese”等结尾表示国籍词，如TheFrench,TheBritish,TheChinese等，谓语动词用复数。Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.TheChinesearefamousfortheirhospitality.2).通常做不可数集体名词,表示总称，如machinery,stationery（文具）,furniture,merchandise（商品）,foliage（树和植物叶子总称），谓语动词用单数。Newmachineryisbeinginstalledinthefactory.以集体名词（以集体名词（Collective Noun)做主语时做主语时:第13页3).有些集体名词如family,team,group,class,audience,government,public（公众）,等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个组员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：Myfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.Myfamilyarefondofmusic.Theclasshaswonthehonor.Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.4.)假如主语是由“acommitteeof/apanelof/aboardof+复数名词”组成，随即动词通惯用单数。Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.第14页一些固定结构中谓语数：一些固定结构中谓语数：agreatmany+可数名词复数谓语用复数themajorityof+可数名词复数谓语用复数anumberof+可数名词复数谓语用复数thenumberof+可数名词复数谓语用单数neither/eitherof+可数名词复数谓语用单数oneandahalf+可数名词复数谓语用单数each/every+可数名词单数谓语用单数morethanone+可数名词单数谓语用单数manya+可数名词单数谓语用单数thegreaterpartof/alargeproportionof/50%of/onethirdof/plentyof/therestof谓语数与of后面名词一致Twothirdsofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.第15页Morethanonepersonhere_withthedisease.A.hasbeeninfectedB.havebeeninfectedC.hasbeeninfectingD.havebeeninfectingMorestudentsthanone_.A.werepunishedB.ispunishedC.waspunishedD.willpunishMore复数名词thanone和morethanone单数名词意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。第16页7.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT?（-59）A.Politicsaretheartorscienceofgovernment.B.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.C.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.D.Allthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged.答案：A方法：直选法或排除法第17页A.表示学科一类名词作主语时B.表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等复数名词或短语作为一个整体对待时，其谓语动词惯用单数形式。如：1）Threeyearsisnotalongtime.2）Tendollarsiswhatheneeds.3）Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.C.表示疾病名词做主语，虽以“S”结尾但谓语动词多用单数。arthritis(关节炎），bronchitis(支气管炎），diabetes（糖尿病）,tuberculosis（肺结核）,measles（麻疹），mumps(腮腺炎），rickets(软骨病）等Diabetesisconsideredadiseasethatbelongstothewealthy/therich.D.集体名词作主语时第18页1）Thewriterandworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.2）Thewriterandtheworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.3）Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.4）Breadandbutteraretheirdailyfood.请判断句子正误并解释并列主语假如指是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面名词没有冠词。第19页the+形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，如thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeaf,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等谓语动词用复数形式。;但也有少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则谓语动词用单数，这类形容词或分词假如要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人单数连用。1）Theyoungisusuallyveryactive.2）Thedeparted(死者)wasawell-knownengineer.第20页1）Everyboyandgirlhavebeeninvitedtotheparty.全部孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2）Noteacherandnostudentareabsenttoday.今天没有老师和学生缺席。3）Manyastudentsisbusywiththeirlessons.许许多多学生都忙着复习他们功课。有each,every,no,manya修饰名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。第21页1）Eachtakesacupoftea.2）Eitheriscorrect.3）Neitherofthemlikethispicture.由each,either,one,another,theother,neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。由every,some,any,no组成合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。1）Iseveryonehere?2）Nothingistobedone.没有什么要干事儿了。第22页Exercise1.Aroundandasquaretable_intheshopwindow.A.wasexhibitingB.wasexhibitedC.wereexhibitingD.wereexhibited2.Whenhegottothefair(交易会),whatwereleftbehind_tenemptybottles.A.wasB.wereC.justD.only第23页3.Everypolicemanandfireman_onthealert.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.are4.Tenpercentoftheworkersinthiscity_nowonstrike.A.isB.areC.istobeD.aretobe5.NotonlyyouandIbutPeter,thetopstudentinourgrade_notabletosolvetheproblem.A.areB.wereC.isD.am第24页6.Plentyoffruits,eggs,andvegetables_neededforhealth.A.areB.isC.isbeingD.have7.Withtheelevationofpeoplesstandardofliving,cosmetics(化装品)_favoritetopic,especiallyamongwomen.AbecameBbecomeCbecomesDhavecome第25页8.Thisisthebestautomobilesthat_inworkingorder.A.isB.hadC.areD.have9.Georgeistheonlyoneofthebrighteststudentswho_fromNewYorkUniversity.A.isgraduatedB.havegraduatedC.hasgraduatedD.aregraduated10.Televisionisoneofthegreatadvancesinmethodsofcommunicationthat_madeinthe19thcentury.A.wasB.wereC.areD.hasbeen第26页第27页