2021年山东省青岛市胶州第十七中学高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析.docx

2021年山东省青岛市胶州第十七中学高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析
一、 选择题
1. —Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?
—No, dear. They don’t ____ fresh. Put them in the fridge instead.
A. keep   B. fit   C. get   D. last
参考答案：
A
略
2. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _______ himself _____ in the living room.
A. to enjoy; to shut        B. to be enjoying; shutting
C. to be enjoying; shut     D. to have enjoyed; having shut
参考答案：
C
3. Although winning is a great feeling, all the competitors agree to           the spirit of fair play in all of the games.
A. match B. witness C. observe D. conclude
参考答案：
C
4. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
   —Yes. _______ yesterday.
   A. So was it        B. So it was              C. So it is                D. So is it
参考答案：
A
5. Attention, please. All of you students _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can              B. will              C. may                 D. shall
参考答案：
D
略
6. —How do you think I should receive the reporter?
         —___ you feel about him, try to be polite．
         A．How             B, What                C．Whatever           D．However
参考答案：
D
略
7. When I was in danger, a bright idea suddenly         to me.
       A．happened             B．hit                       C．struck                 D．occurred
参考答案：
D
8. His landlady gave him a week’s          to leave the flat．
A．threat                                  B．order                          C．permit                          D．notice
参考答案：
D
9. Nowhere else, as Tim said, ______ except the small garden in the backyard after school.
A. would he go   B. he did go      C. has he gone       D. he had gone
参考答案：
A
10. _________ everyone can hear the speaker, there is no _________ in turning up the radio.
A. Even if ; point                  B. Now that; point
C. Now that ; need                 D. Even if; need
参考答案：
B
略
11. —Flight 331 is being ________. I’d better be on my way. Goodbye.
—Bye. Happy landing!
A. appealed     B. announced  C. commanded       D. delivered
参考答案：
B
略
12. —Let Mr.  Stephen in, please? He         me.
-—Yes, Sir.  In the meeting room.
A. is expecting                  B. has expected         C. expected               D. was expecting
参考答案：
A
13. Planning so far ahead ______ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
A. made             B. is making         C. makes        D. has made
（在2011年全国18套高考卷中，考查时态最多的是易混时态的辨析，原创。）
参考答案：
C
略
14. There is no doubt      all the new technology        the way      we work and offering many other ways of working.
   A. which, is changing, that            B. that, changes, in which
   C. that, is changing, /                D. whether, changed, which
参考答案：
C
15. —He should have been warned of the danger.
—_______, but he wouldn’t listen to me .
A. So he had        B. So had he        C. So was he       D. So he was
参考答案：
D
16. Please do me a favor— __________ Mr. Smith of the date and place of our English speech    contest．
A．to inform    B．informing    C．inform D．informed
参考答案：
C
略
17. Though they are close friends, they often have　　　　as to who is their favorite football star.
A.compromises B.conflicts C.prejudices D.agreements
参考答案：
B
句意:尽管他们是很亲密的朋友,但他们经常就谁是他们最喜爱的足球明星这一话题产生冲突。compromise"妥协";conflict"冲突,矛盾,(意见)对立";prejudice"偏见";agreement"(意见或看法)一致"。
18. Team leaders must ensure that all members         their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A. get over
B. look over
C. takeover
D. come over
参考答案：
A
二、 短文改错
19. 短文改错 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Sunday morning，when I was having a walk in the park near my home，I came across a group of people make a new film with one of my favourite actor. I didn't have my camera with me at that time，but I rushed back home to get. Unfortunately，by the time I got back，they have finished the scene and the actor couldn't be seen everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to leave he walked out of a building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldn't believe my luck—not only did I had my photo taken with him，but he signed his name on my shirt!
参考答案：
第一句：make→ making；actor→ actors   第二句：but→ so/and；get后加it
第三句：have→ had；everywhere→ anywhere   
第四句：disappointing →disappointed；leave和he之间加when
第五句：去掉the      第六句：had→ have
略
20.
Dear Editor,

     Recently our class have had a heating discussion about whether     
76. ______
the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my         
77.______
classmates are in favor with the move. They say large crowds of         
78. ______
tourists to the zoo will result traffic jams. They also say that once      
79. ______
moved, animals will have more space and better living condition         
80. ______
in the suburbs . However, others are against the idea , say that the         
81. ______
Beijing Zoo has history of 100years, and is well-known at home       
82. ______
and abroad. So it should remain where it is. What’s up, moving         
83. ______
may cause to the death of some of animals. To move or not , this is       
84. ______
a big decision that has to be made by people in Beijing.

                                          Yours, truly

                                            Li Hua

参考答案：
76. heating→ heated          77. √                78. with→ of          79. result 后加in     80. condition→ conditions
 81. say→ saying              82. has 后加a      83. up→ more        84. to去掉 85. √
三、 阅读理解
21. If your dog looks pleased to see you—it is probably because it loves the particular way you smell.
The scent (气味)of a familiar human apparently lingers like perfume in the animal’s brain—where it causes an instinctive emotional response, research reveals.
Our scent acts on a part of the canine (犬科的) brain associated with reward and the strongest reactions are produced by humans that pets know best, say scientists in America.
Gregory Bern, of Emory University in Atlanta, said, “While we might expect that dogs should be highly tuned to the smell of other dogs, it seems that the ‘reward response’ is reserved for their humans. When humans smell the perfume of someone they love, they may have an immediate, emotional reaction that’s not necessarily cognitive (认识的). So is it in dogs. But since dogs have a more sensitive smell than humans，their responses would likely be even more powerful than the ones we might have. In our experiment, however， the owners of the dog were not physically present. The canine brain responses were being caused by something distant in space and time. It shows that dogs brains have these mental representations of us that persist when we’re not there.”
The experiment involved 12 dogs of various kinds by brain scans while five different scents were placed in front of them. The scent samples (样本)came from the subject (接受试险者) itself, a dog the subject had never met, a dog living in the subject’s household. The familiar human scent samples were taken from someone else from the house other than the handlers during the experiment, so that none of the scent donors were physically present.
The results showed all five scents gained a similar response in parts of the dogs brains involved in detecting smells. Responses were significantly stronger for the scent of familiar humans, followed by that of familiar dogs. The findings showed dogs reacted strongest to the scent of familiar humans even when they were not there. Pets trained as help or therapy dogs showed greater brain activity than the other dogs in the test.
Researchers say the findings could improve the way to select animals helping wounded old soldiers or disabled people.
5. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. The scent of the dogs.
B. The emotions of animals influenced by the scent.
C. The differences between animals and humans in scent.
D. The sensitive scent.
6. According to the experiment. a dog will be most interested in           .
A. familiar dogs
B. a human the dog had never met
C. a dog the dog had never met
D. familiar humans
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Animals can cure wounded old soldiers.
B. Animals can help disabled people.
C. The experiment is complex.
D. The experiment is very valuable.
8. In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage?
A. Science.
B. Education.
C. Culture.
D. Entertainment.
参考答案：
5. B    6. D    7. D    8. A
如果你的狗一见到你就显得很开心的话，有可能是因为它喜欢你散发出的独特气味。根据近日公布的一份研究显示，熟悉的人所散发的气味会如同香水一般深深地存在于动物的脑海里。这些气味会触发大脑内部本能的情绪反应。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据The scent (气味)of a familiar human apparently lingers like perfumein the animal’s brain—where it causes an instinctive emotional response, research reveals.得知本文主要介绍一份研究，熟悉的人所散发的气味会触发动物大脑内部本能的情绪反应。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据Our scent acts on a part of the canine brain associated with reward and the strongest reactions are produced by humans that pets know best, say scientists in America.得知美国科学家声称，犬类的大脑中有一块负责“奖励”的区域，与宠物狗最亲密的人身上的气味能够激起该区最强烈的反应。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据Researchers say the findings could improve the way animals who assist wounded veterans or disabled people are selected.研究者声称，这些发现对于如何为受伤老兵和残障人士选择合适的辅助犬大有裨益。得知这个实验很有价值。故选D。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要介绍一份关于熟悉的人所散发的气味会触发动物大脑内部本能的情绪反应的研究， 可以得知会出现在科学版面。故选A。
22. In an industry with low margins (利润) where the traditional wisdom is led by Walmart, the key to success is lowering operating costs. A big part of those costs are in labor, so it is no surprise that the retail industry has been a leader in using more part-time workers to keep labor costs down, holding the line on wages, not training, and with few exceptions, seeing employees as a cost to be minimized. There is no doubt that these businesses fight for every dollar of margin. Unlike trend-leading hi-tech companies which spend a lot of money on employees to get them innovated, retail industry can spend very limited money on their employees.
What researchers found was that companies were often staffing their stores far too low, and that many stores tended to perform better with higher staffing levels and were more profitable. Let’s let that sink in for a minute. The stores were making more money (with all other things being equal) when they spent more on employees.
They also found that retailers didn’t do a very good job when staffing levels are just the actual demand in those stores. In fact, they set staffing levels identically across stores, even when the needs of the stores varied considerably. The average store did not appear to be understaffed, but there were enough that were understaffed and effect on overall company profitability was substantial.
Interestingly, the same researchers persuaded the retail chain to run an experiment with them and slightly raise staffing levels to the amount that their analysis of historical data suggests would be ideal. Yes, labor costs obviously jumped when they did that, but so did profits. In retail, labor is a small percentage of costs—the biggest part is the cost of the products they sell. So, the net effect was an increase in profits of $7.4 million across 168 stores on an annual basis.
What can we learn from this? One question worth thinking of is: How can traditional retail industry survive the increasingly severe market? Especially now with the growth of online retail, the one thing stores still have going for them is one to one customer contact with salespeople. If retailers cut that down to almost nothing, then they have effectively eliminated their competitive advantage against online stores.
43. In the first paragraph, Walmart is mentioned to indicate that ______.
A. Walmart is suffering a low return on investments
B. Walmart is followed by companies in controlling costs
C. Walmart well balances investments and profits
D. Walmart should considerably cut costs on its employees
44. According to the passage, which of the following is true about retail industry?
A. It focuses on lowering costs of employees.
B. It intends to over staff employees in the stores.
C. It attempts to maintain high income for the employees.
D. It invents a large sum of money on staff training.
45. What can we learn from the researchers’ experiment?
A. It’s acceptable to have equal staffing levels across stores.
B. Understaffing helps the stores to operate profitably.
C. Profitability has nothing to do with staffing.
D. A little over the standard staffing proved to be profitable.
46. Which of the following would the author probably agree with?
A. For retail industry, cutting product costs is the priority.
B. Online retail industry should staff more precisely to be competitive.
C. Investment on employees is potentially profitable for retail industry.
D. Staffing control is an effective way for retail industry to make profits.
参考答案：
43. B    44. A    45. D   46. C
【分析】
本文为说明文。零售业往往利用降低员工的工资成本来降低运营成本，获得更大的利润。而实验证明，稍微提高了员工薪水，利润也会上升了，是有利可图的。因为在零售业中劳动力成本只占成本的一小部分，其中最大的部分是他们销售产品的成本。对劳动成本的投入对零售业来说是有可能带来利润的。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“In an industry with low margins (利润) where the traditional wisdom is led by Walmart, the key to success is lowering operating costs.”可知，在降低运营成本方面，沃尔玛处于领先地位。也就是说其它的公司就是效仿沃尔玛的。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“so it is no surprise that the retail industry has been a leader in using more part-time workers to keep labor costs down, holding the line on wages, not training, and with few exceptions, seeing employees as a cost to be minimized.”及最后一句“retail industry can spend very limited money on their employees”可知，零售业的重点是降低员工成本。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。第四段“Interestingly, the same researchers persuaded the retail chain to run an experiment with them and slightly raise staffing levels to the amount that their analysis of historical data suggests would be ideal. Yes, labor costs obviously jumped when they did that, but so did profits”可知，在实验中零售连锁店将员工人数略微提高到他们对历史数据分析所表明的理想水平，劳动力成本明显上升，但是利润也随之上涨了，由此可知，稍微提高了劳动成本证明是有利可图的，故选D。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的实验可知，在实验中零售连锁店略微提高了员工的人数时，劳动力成本明显上升，但是利润也上升了。在零售业，劳动力成本只占成本的一小部分，其中最大的部分是他们销售产品的成本。由此可知，对员工的投入对于零售业来说是有可能带来利润的。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。
如第3小题属于推理判断题。第四段“Interestingly, the same researchers persuaded the retail chain to run an experiment with them and slightly raise staffing levels to the amount that their analysis of historical data suggests would be ideal. Yes, labor costs obviously jumped when they did that, but so did profits”可知，在实验中零售连锁店略微提高了员工的薪水时，劳动力成本明显上升，但是利润也上升了，由此可知，稍微提高了员工薪水证明是有利可图的，故选D。
推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的