2022年山西省临汾市侯马上马中学高三英语期末试题含解析.docx

2022年山西省临汾市侯马上马中学高三英语期末试题含解析一、 选择题1. Without_ thorough understanding of Chinas specific conditions, you cant have _ say over the only-child policy. A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the 参考答案：C略2. When she asked Peter _ he was out of work again, he nodded his head and said yes.A. that B. when C. whether D. how参考答案：C试题分析： 考查宾语从句。引导词在从句中作宾语，引导宾语从句，根据句意：当她问皮特是否他又失业了，他点头并且说是的，可知选项C正确，故选C。3. ! will go to Beijing on business tomorrow, do you have anything _ to your son studyingin Peking University?A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. being taken参考答案：A4. The bank is equipped with new alarm . We can say its safe and reliable completely. Amethod Bway Corder Dsystem参考答案：D略5. Is everyone here? Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests!A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming参考答案：A6. It is a good idea to start a part-time job _ it doesnt affect your studies. A. as B. in order that C. unless D. so long as 参考答案：D7. He couldnt make his voice _ above the noise of thetraffic.A. to hear B. hearingC. heard D. hear参考答案：C考查非谓语动词，句意：他的声音盖不过交通噪音。句子结构完整，所以需将hear变换成非谓语动词的形式，且根据句意，他不能让他的声音“被听见”，动词-ed形式表示被动或完成，本句中的heard做宾语补足语，故选C.8. _ is the kindness of the nurse that the patient can never be _ to her. A. So; too thankful B. Such; too thankfulC. So; that thankful D. Such; enough thankful参考答案：B9. How about going sightseeing this Saturday afternoon? Sorry, I _ my research report the whole weekend.A. will have writtenB. will be writingC. have writtenD. have been writing参考答案：B【详解】考查时态。句意：这周六下午去观光怎么样?不好意思，整个周末我都会在写研究报告。表示将来的某一时间正在做的事情用将来进行时，故B项正确。10. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle, it was!AWhat a dangerous sceneBWhat dangerous a sceneCHow a dangerous sceneDHow dangerous the scene参考答案： A解析：英语中的感叹句分what和how开头两种：1）What +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语；What+形容词+不可数名词（复数名词）+主语+谓语 2）How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语；How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语。根据以上结构，四个选项只有A项正确。11. School life has _ profound effecton teh formation of _ childs personality.A. a; / B. /;/ C. /;a D. a;a 参考答案：D12. Last moth, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what参考答案：B略13. Tom is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he enough for a used one.A. savedB. has savedC. would save D. will have saved参考答案：D略14. I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the movie we saw yesterday? A不填；不填 Bthe；the Cthe; 不填 D不填; the参考答案：D15. A strange girl entered the room and told me a story of her own, _ I suspected the truth. A. that B. whichC. of whichD. at which 参考答案：C6. Two weeks ago in Guangzhou, a two-year-old girl, Yue Yue, was hit by a car seriously and left lying on the road with no one offering help, _ a heated discussion on the Internet .A. caused B. to cause C. causing D. being caused参考答案：C略17. _ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. Ordering B. To orderC. Having ordered D. Ordered参考答案：D试题分析：题目考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即order books/books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered.，故选D。【名师点睛】分词作状语1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. =as soon as sb. does sth.。2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。4. 分词作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分词有given, supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。18. I dropped in at your house at about eight yesterday evening , but you werent in .I regular exercises at the club . Adid Bhad done Cwas doing Dhave done 参考答案：C 二、 短文改错19. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。A Chinese scientist, Mr. He Jiankui claimed that he has successfully created the worlds first genetically-edited babies. In a interview, Mr. He said he had edited the genetic substance, or DNA, of twin girls born a few weeks early. Though Mr Hes claim was immediately condemned by some scientists as unsafe and unethical, but he defended his work. He said the gene editing, that was to help protect the babies from their future infection of HIV, the virus responsible with AIDS, was perfectly safe. Many scientists working in genetics say he believe any experiments performing this way are dangerous.In the United States and other country, this kind of gene editing is strictly banned. What scientists are worried about that such changes to a persons DNA may harm his/her other genes and lead to deadly diseases.参考答案：A Chinese scientist, Mr. He Jiankui claimed that he has successfully created the hadworlds first genetically-edited babies. In a interview, Mr. He said he had edited anthe genetic substance, or DNA, of twin girls born a few weeks early. Though Mr Hes earlier claim was immediately condemned by some scientists as unsafe and unethical, but he 去掉defended his work. He said the gene editing, that was to help protect the babies from whichtheir future infection of HIV, the virus responsible with AIDS, was perfectly safe. forMany scientists working in genetics say he believe any experiments performing this they performedway are dangerous.In the United States and other country, this kind of gene editing is strictly countriesbanned. What scientists are worried about that such changes to a persons DNA may isharm his/her other genes and lead to deadly diseases.【分析】本文为说明文。中国科学家何建奎先生声称，他已经成功地创造了世界上第一个经过基因编辑的婴儿。但是许多从事遗传学研究的科学家说，他认为任何以这种方式进行的实验都是危险的。一个人的DNA的这种变化可能会损害他/她的其他基因，并导致致命的疾病。【详解】第一处：考查时态。此处表示的动作发生在claimed之前，属于“过于的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故has 改为had。第二处：考查冠词。interview是元音音素开头的词，应使用不定冠词an。故a改为an。第三处：考查副词。earlier副词“早地；早先的时候”。时间段与earlier一起使用，表示以过去或将来某一个时间点为准的一段时间以前。a few weeks earlier“几周前”。故early改为earlier。第四处：考查让步状语从句。though/although等引导让步状语从句时，不能与but/and/or连用。故去掉but。第五处：考查非限定性定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是the gene editing，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故that改为which。第六处：考查介词。固定短语：responsible for“是的原由；为负责”。故with改为for。第七处：考查代词。此处指代主语Many scientists，且在宾语从句中做主语。故he改为they。第八处：考查过去分词。此处与experiments构成逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词，表被动。故performing改为performed。第九处：考查名词复数。此处指“其他的国家”，不是一个国家，应使用名词复数。故country改为countries。第十处：考查系动词。句意：科学家所担心的是，一个人的DNA的这种变化可能会损害他/她的其他基因，并导致致命的疾病。分析句意及句子结构可知，What scientists are worried about 是主语从句，that引导的是表语从句，缺少系动词。故about后加 is20. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Have you ever had headaches during a test? Have you ever been too concerned about something that you even cant sleep at night? If so, then you know that stress is. Too much stress can result in angry, depression and other related problems, which we need to take them seriously.However, not all stress was harmful to you. Some kinds of stress can help you getting things done better, like when you are running towards the finishing line or when you are asking to deliver a speech to your class. Stress sometimes can push you to make full preparation for a test.The best approach reducing stress is to have a balanced life. If you get enough sleep, eat proper, take more exercise and have enough fun time, you might feel less stressed.参考答案：Have you ever had headaches during a test? Have you ever been too concerned about sosomething that you even cant sleep at night? If so, then you know that stress is. whatToo much stress can result in angry, depression and other related problems, which angerwe need to take them seriously. 去掉However, not all stress was harmful to you. Some kinds of stress can help you isgetting things done better, like when you are running towards the finishing line or get when you are asking to deliver a speech to your class. Stress sometimes can push you askedto make full preparation for a test. preparationsThe best approach reducing stress is to have a balanced life. If you get enough tosleep, eat proper, take more exercise and have enough fun time, you might feel less properly【分析】本文为议论文。文章介绍了压力对人造成的后果， 以及如何减轻压力的方法。【详解】1. 考查固定句型。句意：你是否曾经过于担心一些事情，以至于晚上睡不着觉？“sothat”为固定句型，意为“太以至于”。因此把too 改为so。2. 考查宾语从句。句意：如果是这样的话，你要知道压力是什么。此句为宾语从句，由that引导宾语从句时，从句不缺少成分。分析此句可知，此宾语从句中缺少表语，缺少表语一般用“what”。故把 that改为what。3. 考查名词。句意：压力过大会导致愤怒、抑郁和其他相关问题，。分析句子可知，句中的angry作result in的宾语，作介词宾语要用名词形式，故把形容词angry 改为anger。4. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：压力过大会导致愤怒、抑郁和其他相关问题，这些问题我们需要认真对待。分析句子可知，which we need to take seriously是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，关系词which在从句中作take的宾语，them多余，故删掉them。5. 考查时态。句意：然而，并不是所有的压力都对你有害。根据语境可知，本句描述一个客观的事实，要用一般现在时，故把was改为is 。6. 考查固定搭配。句意：有些压力可以帮助你把事情做得更好。help sb.do sth.为固定用法，意为“帮助某人做某事”，可知要把getting 改为get。7.考查语境及非谓语。句意：或者要求你给班级发表演讲。分析句子可知，本中的主语you与动词ask二者被动关系，即你被要求，因此把 asking 改为asked。8.考查固定搭配。句意：压力有时会促使你为考试做充分的准备。make preparations for为固定搭配，意为 “为作准备”。因此把preparation改为 preparations。9. 考查固定搭配。句意：缓解压力的最好方法是有一个平衡的生活。 the approach to (doing) sth.为固定搭配，意为“的方法”，其中的to为介词，因此在approach 后面加to。10. 考查比较级。句意：如果你有足够的睡眠，饮食合理，参加更多的运动，并且有足够的娱乐时间，你可能会感觉到压力少些。分析句子可知，句中的eat是动词，被proper修饰，修饰动词要用副词，故把proper 改为properly。三、 阅读理解21. Nature has its own way of balancing itself out, but when we humans get involved, we tend to throw things out of control. Forests and oceans are natural carbon sinks that absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but since weve been pumping too much into the air, those sinks cant keep up. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, led by biologist Tobias Erb, have figured out a way to supercharge plants to make them better at absorbing CO2, which could be a key defense against climate change.Erb and his team figured out a way to make plants more efficient at absorbing carbon, so that they consumed more carbon in a shorter amount of time. “If you think about plants, they are efficient CO2-fixing filters, but they are not fast, ”Erb said. “I think there is a chance to improve existing biology with synthetic(人造的) biology.”Erbs team identified 17 enzymes(酶) from nine different organisms, re-engineering three of them, that had an enlarged carbon consumption. When those enzymes worked together as a team, they worked better at not only plants natural enzymes, but also themselves individually. Existing enzymes in plants consume about 5 to 10 molecules(摩尔) of CO2 per second. The team of enzymes that Erb used consumed 80 molecules per second.So far, these enzymes have only been tested in test tubes in the lab, but the next step is real world testing where the enzymes would be introduced into plants to see if the same result occurs. If those tests show that plants really can be supercharged, we could have a new tool in the fight against climate change where not only do we protect the amazing carbon-absorbing forests we have, but we also add these super plants or an artificial leaf technology using the enzymes into other mixed fields.12. Why cant forests and oceans balance nature?A. Because oceans and forests are getting smaller.B. Because a large number of forests are cut down.C. Because we human beings give off too much CO2.D. Because there are too many creatures in the world.13. Which is the key defense against climate change according to Erb and his team?A. To increase the plants ability and efficiency to absorb CO2.B. To make oceans and forests to absorb more CO2 quickly.C. To reduce the humans activities giving off too much CO2.D. To increase the number of plants in the world,14. What can we get from the last paragraph?A. The enzymes have proved useful in real world.B. The technology has worked against climate change.C. The enzymes have not been used in the lab.D. The technology may have a bright future.15. This passage is intended to .A. call on people to pay more attention to the balance of natureB. introduce a possible way to better plants ability of absorbing CO2C. analyze the cause and result of climate change related to plantsD. explore the possibility of using plants to fight against climate change参考答案：12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B12. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Forests and oceans are natural carbon sinks that absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but since weve been pumping too much into the air, those sinks cant keep up”可知，森林和海洋是吸收大气中的二氧化碳的自然碳汇，但由于我们向空气中排放过多，这些自然碳汇无法跟上。分析可知C项符合题意，故选C项。13. A【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。【答案定位】根据第二段中的“Erb and his team figured out a way to make plants more efficient at absorbing carbon, so that they consumed more carbon in a shorter amount of time.” 厄尔布和他的团队想出了一种方法，使植物吸收碳的效率更高，从而在更短的时间内消耗更多的碳。【推理关系】题干Which is the key defense against climate change according to Erb and his team? ?文章内容make plants more efficient at absorbing carbon, so that they consumed more carbon in a shorter amount of time【答案】make plants more efficient at absorbing carbon consumed more carbon in a shorter amount of times?A选项To increase the plants ability and efficiency to absorb CO2【名师点睛】细节理解题之语言转述型。细节理解题中的语言转述型，做这类题时要变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时对原句细微处做改动。做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断14. D推理判断题。到目前为止，这些酶只在实验室的试管中进行过测试，但下一步是在现实世界中进行测试。如果试验成功的话在对抗气候变化方面有一个新的工具，在那里我们不仅保护我们拥有的惊人的吸收碳的森林，而且我们还将这些超级植物或人工叶技术应用到其他混合领域。分析