四级英语写作市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

CET 4 WritingCET 4 Writing第1页四级写作评分标准、标准应试技巧考前备战第2页四级写作评分标准 四级写作与六级写作评分标准是一样，详细以下：（1）大学英语考试目标是检验考生是否到达大学英语教学纲领要求四级和六级教学要求，对作文评分应以此要求为准则。（2）大学英语考试作文题采取总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores)，而不是按语言点错误数目扣分。（3）从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表示题目所要求内容，而内容要经过语言来表示。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表示思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上错误是否造成了解上障碍。（4）防止趋中倾向。该给高分给高分，包含满分；该给低分给低分，包含零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅全部作文卷中不应只给中间几种分数。第3页考生应从四项评分标准中得到以下启示：（1）不能仅仅满足于不犯或少犯语法错误，而要着眼于经过写作来有效表示自己思想，从整体上把握文章篇章结构、遣词造句与表示意图，这么才能给阅卷人一个好总体印象。（2）对文章内容与语言都要重视。假如内容充实而表示不清，或语言华丽而无实际内容，都会影响得分。第4页四级写作评分标准满分为15分。共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。详细评分标准：2分-条理不清，思绪紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子都有错 误，且多数为严重错误。5分-基本切题，表示思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重 错误。8分-基本切题，表示思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误 较多，其中有少许严重错误。11分-切题，表示思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少许语言错误。14分-切题，表示思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无 语言错误。零分-白卷；或作文与题目毫不相关；或只有几个孤立词而无 法表示思想。第5页注意：字数不足应酌情扣分：累计字数在8189之间，扣1分；累计字数在7180之间，扣2分；累计字数在6170之间，扣3分；累计字数在5160之间，扣4分；累计字数在50以下，最多给5分。第6页应试技巧第一步：认真审题，充分利用第一步：认真审题，充分利用关键词构思法关键词构思法 第二步：写作高分须遵照第二步：写作高分须遵照5C法则法则第三步：进行词汇拼写和语法第三步：进行词汇拼写和语法检验检验，并注意更，并注意更正方式正方式第7页第一步：认真审题，充分利用关键词构思法第一步：认真审题，充分利用关键词构思法 充分利用提前发卷时间来做作文部分审题和构思工作 注意审题一定要仔细，按要求写作，不得私自改动题目，给定提要不得有遗漏，不然会按百分比扣分。尤其注意，不要因为事先自己背过或练过哪篇相同文章而死搬硬套。不然后果很严重。第8页考生只要花三五分钟做一下构思即可，即想象一下每段大致写什么，能够记几个关键词提醒自己，在接下来二十分钟里面按照这几个关键词提醒内容扩展就行。普通来说，四级作文要求不少于120词，最好能写到150到180词；六级作文要求不少于150词，最好写到180到200词。就句子数目来说，假如分三段，每段也就三到五句话，平均四句一段。那么整篇文章大约10个关键词就能够做好构思。第9页以6月六级写作真题为例。Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below。1.有些人说名字(或名称)很主要2.也有些人以为名字(或名称)无关紧要3.我认为第10页构思第一段时，想到能够来一句铺垫话，如“名字重不主要是个有争议话题”，能够写下controversial或topic，作为关键词；下一句是“有些人说名字(或名称)很主要”，能够先写下important。再往后想两条理由或例证即可。理由如“好名字轻易被记住，因而能够给人来更多机会”(关键词remember或opportunity)，和“按照传统理论起名字可能会对人起到暗中呵护作用”(关键词tradition或shelter)；例证如“有些人认为毛泽东伟大是因为名字就大气，Bill Gates有钱是因为他名字能够表示现金，姓表示很多大门，很多大门都来钱，所以有钱”。第二、三段情同此理。其实第一段想好了，后两段也就轻易了。比如第二段能够将第一段理由或例证反过来用，第三段能够总结或折中一下。字数还是比较轻易写够。第11页On the Importance of a NameThere is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not.Some hold the positive view.They claim that a good name,or a name that can be easily remembered,can bring one a lot more opportunities than others.Some Chinese may also believe that a name designed according to the traditional theory of five elements can bring good luck.第12页 Others,however,hold the opposite view.They argue that a name is nothing but a code to distinguish one from another.A person“good”name may not be as successful as the name indicates.In the same way,a person who has a common or casually given name can also achieve tremendous success.Personally,I believe that both sides have something right,so we should not go to extremes.On the one hand,we have to admit that a well designed name can help a person to some extent.On the other hand,we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a persons fate.Anyway,a persons success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.(186 words)第13页第二步：写作高分须遵照第二步：写作高分须遵照5C法则法则1、字迹清楚，段落明朗、字迹清楚，段落明朗(clear)：字体不要太大，也不要太小，以行间距三分之一到二分之一为适当；另外，大小要一致，不要忽大忽小；字母倾斜方向要一致，不要东倒西歪；要抵着给出虚线写，不能上窜下跳；总之，要给阅卷人清楚、工整感觉。段落普通为三段，采取段首缩进式，即每段开头空4至8个字母格，每段段首缩进量要一致，要让阅卷人一目了然。2、内容完整，紧紧围绕提要、内容完整，紧紧围绕提要(complete)：普通来说，四、六级写作都会给出三点汉语提要，考生应严格按照三点写成三段。不要有遗漏，也不要随意改变提要关键点次序。因为阅卷人要在30秒左右时间打出分数，所以不希望看到与提要严重背离作文。第14页3、首保正确，再求闪光(correct)：这一条是最关键，因为在写作时间和篇幅都比较短情况下，考生写出内容几乎是一样，唯一判断标准几乎就是语言质量。要首先确保语法和拼写正确，哪怕用小词、短句也能够。有能力话再追求闪光词句。比如，有考生在写6月作文时，写出了这么开头句：There is no denying the fact that the vital of name has been a hotly debated topic in China.注意：1）vital，是个形容词，而这里应该用名词。作者可能想用一个牛词来替换importance以显示用词多样，结果弄巧成拙。2）name之前应该有冠词a，其实题目中都给了，结果这位同学忽略了，缺乏基本语法意识。其实作文中常犯语法错误除了冠词错误，还包含时态错误、名词和动词单复数错误、代词不一致错误、词性错误以及句子主谓不完整错误。第15页4、先总后分，连词用上(coherent)：这里说是段落结构和连贯性问题。英语文章尤其喜欢先总后分或开门见山格局，另外，段落之间和句子之间形式连接伎俩尤其显著，即关联词用很多。在写作时候，几乎就是把给出三点提要作为每段开头句，然后再加上两三个扩展句即理由或例证句就能够了。当然有时候为了论证自然或扩展字数也能够加上一点铺垫句子。如6月真题作文开头一句既能够是Some people claim that names are of great importance.也能够是There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not.然后再说Some hold the positive view。后面再加上两三句论证话。论证句或扩展句之间最好有连接词，如First,Second,Besides,Also,Similarly,In the same way,However等等。第16页 5、语言简练，论据得当(concise)：不要烦琐，不要过于重复和堆砌。有些同学背诵了一些经典句型，为了凑字就全用上了，给人低层次感觉。应尽可能平时多练，以期在考场上也能很快想到一些有力理由和贴切例证。另外，要勇于表示自己思想，不要一味地为了确保语言正确而裹步不前，只说一些小学生话。如有同学写真题第一段时写道：Some people think that names are important.They say that,if a person has a name,we can remember him.If he does not have a name,we cannot remember him.这么作文倒是没有语言错误，但必定也得不了高分。第17页第三步：进行词汇拼写和语法检验，第三步：进行词汇拼写和语法检验，并注意更正方式并注意更正方式 应该在下笔写作时候就慎重，仔细，防止错误，但即便这么，错误也是会有，包含语法和拼写错误，尤其对于平时缺乏练习同学来说。那么就需要留几分钟通读一下，检验和更正。注意，要改是一些语法或拼写错误，而不是作内容上大改动，换言之，是改一些词或词组，而不是改整个句子或段落，因为那样会造成卷面混乱，造成低分。要想防止内容上错误，构思时就要想好，落笔时就要慎重。还有更正错误要注意方式，尽可能不要用涂改液或涂改带，以免有作弊嫌疑，也不要在一个词上涂画太多，影响卷面整齐。普通能够用一条斜线划掉错词，然后在其上方写出正确，或者用胶带或刀片之类轻轻将错词去掉，然后在原位置写出正确。第18页考前备战写作模板短文写作段落结构中惯用句型模拟练习第19页大学英语四、六级作文基本题型 分析提议类 原因分析类 对比/比较分析类 议论文 各抒己见类 理由陈说类 1)提要式作文 批驳分析类 举例/列举性说明文 知识性说明文 说明文 对比说明文 定义说明文 2)段首句作文：议论文、说明文、记叙文 3)图表作文：议论文、说明文 4)要求情景式作文：议论文、说明文 5)应用文：议论文、说明文、记叙文 第20页写作模板提要式作文提要式作文辩论式议论文辩论式议论文图表式作文图表式作文第21页提要式作文提要式作文1 对立观点式(cf.)A有些人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为何？B 有些人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为何？C我看法。Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 另一个原因。However,other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反对X 第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument:一个例子。There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the disadvantages of X overweigh the advantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about,X also may X 又一个坏处。第22页2 批驳观点式 A一个错误观点。B 我不一样意。Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that,they mean 对这个观点深入解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y,almost 80%of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点影响）。There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief.But if we consider it in depth,we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参考辩论文议论文写法)。第23页3 社会问题（现象）式 A一个社会问题或者现象。B 产生原因 C对社会和我们生活影响 D 怎样杜绝。（假如是问题话）E 前景预测。Nowadays,there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey,调查内容说明这种现象情况。（或者是一个例子）。There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参考辩论式议论文写法。X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life,which has been articulated in the following aspects.参考辩论式议论文写法。A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.参考辩论式议论文写法。Based on the above discussions,I can easily forecast that more and more people will 第24页Create a green campus(.12)1.建设绿色校园十分主要2.绿色校园不但指绿色环境3.为了建设绿色校园我们应该第25页Free admission to museums(.6)1.越来越多博物馆无偿开放目标是 什么?2.也会带来一些问题 3.你看法第26页Free Admission to Museums Nowadays,an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad.The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as theres a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture,knowledge and history with every average person in our society.Only with free access to this live database,can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.第27页However,free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well.The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations.As a result,our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels,which might be difficult to operate or control.On the other hand,free admission attracts too many visitors,some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums.第28页As a university student,I am in favor of the free-admission conduct.Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it.For example,museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some closed days for museums for regular maintenance.Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.第29页Limiting the Use of Disposal Bags(.12)1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用2.造成问题3.限制使用塑意义第30页The Internet(.6)1.有些人认为网络能够让学习、工作更有效率 2.还有些人认为网络让青少年沉迷，进而影响学习 3.你对于网络看法第31页辩论式议论文辩论式议论文模版1 Some people believe(argue,recognize,think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me,I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all,论据1.More importantly,论据2.Most important of all,论据3.In summary,总结观点.As a college student,I am supposed to 表决心./From above,we can predict that 预测.第32页模版2 People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1,while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned,the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing,论据1.For another,论据2.Last but not the least,论据3.To conclude,总结观点.As a college student,I am supposed to 表决心./From above,we can predict that 预测.第33页模版3 There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side,firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned,the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all,论据1.Furthermore,论据2.Among all of the supporting evidences,one is the strongest.That is,论据3.A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点.As a college student,I am supposed to 表决心./From above,we can predict that 预测.第34页图表式作文图表式作文 It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1,Y reaches its peak value of(多少).What is the reason for this change?Mainly there are (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graph/table.First of all,(第一个原因).More importantly,(第二个原因).Most important of all,(第三个原因).From the above discussions,we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括号里使用于那些不太好改变趋势).第35页短文写作段落结构中惯用句型1.“引言”段落中惯用句型1)As is depicted/shown/described in the cartoon/picture/table/bar chart/pie chart,2)is a very popular topic which is much talked about not only by but also by 3)There is no denying the fact that 4)As is known to all,5)More and more people are realizing the importance of 6)From what I have mentioned above we can see clearly that（段落结尾用句）第36页2.“正文”段落中惯用句型1）分析原因 There are two/some good/possible reasons for The reason for is that We have two good reasons for/against The reasons for are obvious.To begin with,.In addition,.Finally,第37页 2）提出提议与办法 My suggestions to deal with/solve/tackle/relieve the problem are as follows.In the first place,.Secondly,.Finally,I suggest that first of all we should There are,I think,two possible suggestions which worth making.On the one hand,.On the other hand,I suggest that the government should adopt/resort to strong measures to deal with the problem.For one thing,.For another,第38页3）叙述不一样看法 Different people have different opinions on this question.Some people believe that .Others argue that .Still others assert that People differ in their views on the problem.According to some of them,.In the eyes of others,4）发表看法 It is important/necessary/urgent/difficult/easy/expensive/desirable/advisable/convenient/comfortable/presumptuous(胆大妄为,放肆,无礼 )for sb.to do sth.第39页 5）分析利弊 As a popular saying goes,“Everything has two sides.”,We should analyze this phenomenon from twosides.On the one hand,.On the other hand,We,however,must see the problem/matter in its right perspective(正确如实地).Before we decide,we must weigh up the pros and cons(权衡利弊).I think,we should debate the matter pro and con(从正反两面来辩论).第40页 6）举例阐述 For example,For instance,Lets take for example.7）引证观点 It is generally believed/accepted/thought/held/assumed that In their eyes,According to them,In their opinions,As is often stressed in the available literature on this subject(正如相关这个课题现有文件中经常强调 ),第41页 8）叙述因果关系 causes/produces/brings about/leads to/results in 9）叙述相互关系 have/has much/something/nothing to do with be closely related to be directly bound up with 第42页3 图表概述或描述中惯用句型1)As is shown by the graph/in the table/in the picture 2)Figures/Statistics show that 3)It can be seen/shown/concluded/estimated from the table/graph/figures/statistics that 4)(数量总计)a.总计为 amount to/add up to/come to/sum up to b.占百分之几 account for/make up c.占第几位 rank(first,second,)5)(数量增减)increase/rise/decrease/fall/drop from to 6)(be)times as+形容词+as第43页 total output/production(总产量)the annual output/production of(年产量)rise by per cent(上升百分之)the daily output(日产量)result in a diminished output(造成产量下降)7)Compared with 8)There is/was/has been a rapid(sharp/sudden/steady/gradual/slow/slight)rise(increase/decrease/decline/fall/drop)in be on the rise(increase/decline)第44页4.“结尾”段落中惯用句型 In my opinion,Personally,I In short/In brief,In conclusion,As far as Im concerned,To conclude,it seems clear that 第45页模拟练习（1）国学热国学热 SinologyDirection:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of“The rehabilitation of Sinology”.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below：1、近年来，国学变得流行2、国学热意义是什么3、我们应该第46页文章写作思绪：现象描述+意义阐述+个人评论第一段：(主题句：)In recent years,Chinese traditional culture,as Sinology,has become increasingly prevalent.(举例法扩展段落：exemplification)For instance,it is reported that many primary and secondary schools have set up courses of sinology,in which students are taught and required to recite classical work by Chinese ancient educators and philosophers,like Confucius.(或者以百家讲坛为例进行说明：A good illustration is CCTV Lecture Room,where famous scholars,such as Yi Zhongtian and Yudan,give lectures on Chinese ancient philosophies and literatures.)第47页第二段：(主题句)It is of vital significance for the public to acquire knowledge on Sinology.(起)For one thing,it is the essence of Chinese civilization with more than 5000 years.Thus,for individuals,they can enlarge their scope of knowledge,enrich their experience and adapt themselves to the complicated society.(承)For another,the rehabilitation of Sinology can contribute to a harmonious society.第48页第三段：(主题句)It is highly expected that all Chinese people young and old-should inherit the merits of Sinology.Therefore,(起)in the first place,we are well-advised to read books by ourselves or to attend lectures on this issue.(承)In the second place,we have the obligation to advocate and encourage others to learn.Then,it is necessary for us to introduce Sinology to the world.By doing so,not only can we inherit it,but also make it glorious and prosperous.第49页模拟练习（2）低碳生活低碳生活 Low-carbon LifeDirection:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes t