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Summary WritingChapter 4第1页Objectives 1.Give an appropriate definition for a summary2.Know the characteristics of a good summary3.Learn the techniques in summary writing4.Learn the steps in summary writing5.Practice 第2页I.What is a summary?nA summary is a shortened passage,which retains the essential information of the original.It is a fairly brief restatement-in your own words-of the contents of a passage.nNote:you simply report back what the writer has said,without making value judgments.第3页II.Characteristics of a good summarynCan be understood without reference to the original;nIs a faithful reproduction of,or contains only the ideas or information of,the original;nIs brief without any unnecessary detail;nIs a readable unified whole第4页III.Techniques in summary writing1.ParaphrasingTo paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other peoples ideas in ones own words.第5页Examples:1.Youve cooked us all a hot potato.(a troublesome person or issue)2.Prevention is better than cure.(It is better to prevent something unpleasant from happening than try to put it right afterwards.)第6页It helps us understand the original better.It helps us grasp the central idea and the main points.It helps us write summaries that are brief and to the point,and in our own words.The importance of paraphrasing第7页Read the original carefully and comprehend its meaning wholly and correctly.Consider the original article as a whole,not in isolated sentences.Steps of paraphrasing第8页2.Grasping the central ideasIII.Techniques in summary writing第9页3.Ways of condensationnUse synonyms or synonymous phrasesHe had a good command of English.(He knew English well.)nChange the structure of simple sentencesMy brother has an appreciation of modern art.(My brother appreciates modern art.)III.Techniques in summary writing第10页nTurn complex sentences into simple sentencesHe received a welcome that was as cold as ice.(He received an icy welcome.)nCombine the sentencesHurry up.If you dont,youll miss the train.(Hurry up or youll miss the train.)第11页4.Finding the topic sentence and making an outline topic sentence/outline第12页IV.How to write a summary?1.The importance of summary writing2.Necessary elements for a good summarynProper citation title,author,source;date of publication and the text (journal articles)第13页nThesis statement the topic or general subject matter of the text;the authors major assertion,comment,or position on the topic第14页nSupporting ideas major supporting ideas;relationships among these ideas no specifics the authors purpose in writing no personal opinions,ideas,and inferences.第15页nGrammar and the structure of writing avoid direct quotation;use transitional wordsnLength 1/4 to 1/3 of the original 第16页Read the article To understand the article and find the general theme.Reread the article Divide into sections and label each section.Understand the important parts.Write one-sentence summaries Summarize each section of thought.3.Steps in writing a summary第17页Formulate the thesis statement Weave the one-sentence section-summaries together.Write the first draftA.In the first sentence or two:1.The authors name2.The articles or chapters name3.The authors thesis statementB.Then the summary sentences for each paragraph or section.第18页C.Express in your own words,to avoid plagiarism.D.Occasional supporting ideas if necessary.Note:1.Eliminate unnecessary words and repetitions.2.Eliminate personal ideas and inferences.3.Use transitions for a smooth and logical flow of ideas.4.Conclude with a summing up sentence.第19页Edit the draftIs all the important information in the summary?Am I listing things out?Am I saying the same thing over and over again?Have I left out my personal views and ideas?Does my summary hang together?Is my grammar,punctuation,and spelling correct?Write the final draft第20页
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