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句子交际功效分类第1页句子交际功效句子交际功效分类分类陈说句陈说句疑问句疑问句祈使句祈使句感叹句感叹句第2页中考命题规律第3页陈说事实或看法句子称为陈说句。陈说句又可分为必定句和否定句，分别陈说必定和否定事实或看法。必定形式否定形式陈说句第4页陈说句必定形式 主语主语+谓语谓语 主语：句子主体，表示句子所说是谁或是什么。主语普通由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。谓语：与主语亲密相关动作或状态，是对主语叙述。用来说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语由动词来充当。1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成 2、复合谓语：普通由两个部分组成。如：“助动 词+实义动词”“情态动词+实义动词“系表结构”等。第5页我们怎么在v地盘变否定句呢？vvvvvsmile、look、cry、play、buyrun、jump、swim、fly、eattake、sing、dance、watch.（行为动词）（行为动词）小学阶段主要有：小学阶段主要有：am、is、are（be动词）动词）do/does+not+not第6页经过上面图画你知道了吗？一个句子要变成否定句，要在动词（谓语）部分作改变哦！那么我们句子否定是不是只有2种改变呢？小心啦！还有can“能、会、能够”，这一类情态动词，它们经常出现在前4种以行为动词为谓语句型！vvvvsmile、look、cry、play、buyrun、jump、swim、fly、eattake、sing、dance、watch.（行为动词）（行为动词）can/may.+not第7页所以，我们知道了，五大基本句型里有3种变否定句形式！实义动词否定 情态动词can否定Be动词否定第8页陈说句否定形式1、假如句子谓语含有be动词（am,is,are,was,were）、助动词（will,shall,would,should,have,has,had）情态动词（can,may,must等），其否定形式是在它们之后加加notnot组成。2、假如句子谓语是实义动词，其否定形式是由“do/does/did+not+动词原形”组成。3、否定词否定词no,never,hardly,seldom,little,few等也能够组成陈说句否定形式。第9页必定句 变 否定句 1、含有some,something,somebody必定句变为否定句时，应把这些词分别改为any,anything,anybody.2、含有always是我必定句变为否定句时，必须把always换成never.3、含有both,all,everything,everyone(everybody)必定句变为否定句时，必须把这些词分别改为neither,none,nothing,no one(nobody).4、当陈说句是“I think（认为）/believe（相信）.+宾语从句”时，若否定宾语从句，习惯上要将否定前移到主句谓语动词think/believe等前。即“I dont think/believe.+宾语从句”。第10页EXERCISEEXERCISE:将必定陈说句变为否定陈说句1.Some of us have finished it already.2.I told somebody something.3.I can understand both of these two questions.4.There is someone doing research in this field.5.I have quite a lot to do in the morning.Some of us have not finished it yet.I didnt tell anybody anything.I cannot understand either of these two questions There isnt anybody doing research in this field.I never have much to do in the morning.第11页普通疑问句第12页我们已经了解了五大基本句型五大基本句型五大基本句型五大基本句型，也知道怎样把句子变为否定句否定句否定句否定句！同学们在这个过程中老师一直强调有一个很主要东西叫什么呢？它在句子中处于什么样地位呢？这个很主要东东叫“谓语（动词）谓语（动词）谓语（动词）谓语（动词）”你记住了吗？谓语能够：区分句型变否定还能够变问句哦！lets go！第13页今天我们要学习一个新东西问句之普通疑问句普通疑问句普通疑问句普通疑问句什么是普通疑问句呢？回想一下你在学校所学关于提问句子，你能发觉什么？（主谓）（主谓宾）（主谓宾宾补）（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓表）假如我们把谓语V提到开头会出现什么呢？第14页句子就会以下面形式开头vvvvvsmile、look、cry、play、buyrun、jump、swim、fly、eattake、sing、dance、watch.（行为动词）（行为动词）小学阶段主要有：小学阶段主要有：am、is、are（be动词）动词）不过不过.句子不能够行为动词开头，不然就会天下大乱,它们都需要助动词do/does帮忙！第15页除了以be动词和助动词开头，我们在学习否定句时还提到过，句子里会出现情态动词情态动词cancan、maymay等vvvvsmile、look、cry、play、buyrun、jump、swim、fly、eattake、sing、dance、watch.（行为动词）（行为动词）can/may.s所以，我们普通疑问句就会是这么：以以be动词动词、助、助动词动词或情或情态动词态动词开开头头；（为何会以它们开头？）（为何会以它们开头？）bebe动词动词动词动词（am、is、are、was、were）助动词助动词助动词助动词（do、does、did、have、had）情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词（can、must、will、may等）第16页特殊疑问句第17页什么是特殊疑问句？它和普通疑问句有什么异同？观察下面汉字句子！他喜欢在家晚上玩游戏一个小时谁在哪里什么时候做什么多长时间第18页He likes to play game one hour at home at nightDoes he like to play game one hour at home at night?How long does he like to play game at home at night?When does he like to play game one hour at home?Where does he like to play game one hour at night?What does he like at home at night?who likes to play game one hour at home at night?他喜欢在家晚上玩游戏一个小时第19页对比我们之前学习普通疑问句普通疑问句，它们都是以什么开头？bebe动词动词动词动词（am、is、are、was、were）助动词助动词助动词助动词（do、does、did、have、had）情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词（can、must、will、may等）所以，我们来总结一下吧！特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：1、对句子某个部分提问！2、以wh-词开头！这是它显著两个特点哟！第20页 疑问词疑问词疑问词疑问词 该选什么呢？语序语序语序语序用什么语序 回答回答回答回答该怎么回答特特特特殊殊殊殊疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句三三三三关关关关注意：要联络普通疑问句1 1、找、找、找、找 2 2、提、提、提、提 3 3、换、换、换、换第21页特殊疑问词+助动词动词+主语+动词原形+其它？eg:What do I do?特殊疑问词+情态动词情态动词+主语+动词原形+其它？eg:What can I do for you?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+普通疑问句普通疑问句语序？语序？特殊疑问句有两种两种两种两种语序：1、特殊疑问词+普通疑问句普通疑问句语序语序（对非主语提问）2、特殊疑问词+陈说语序（对主语提问）特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其它？eg:Why are you so happy?第22页选择疑问句第23页刘健亮刘健亮 09061020220906102022 短短大学四年就要过去了，不想和短短大学四年就要过去了，不想和大学说再见。珍惜校园自由生活，不过大学说再见。珍惜校园自由生活，不过必须要走向社会，小刘加油！必须要走向社会，小刘加油！概念：选择疑问句是说话人提出两种或两种以上情况，问询对方选择哪一个。组成：选择疑问句中选项用or连接。朗诵：语气普通是第一个或前几个选择用升调，最终一个选择用降调。回答及注意事项：回答时选择一个，不可用yes或者no作答。类型：普通选择疑问句特殊选择疑问句第24页刘健亮刘健亮 09061020220906102022 短短大学四年就要过去了，不想和短短大学四年就要过去了，不想和大学说再见。珍惜校园自由生活，不过大学说再见。珍惜校园自由生活，不过必须要走向社会，小刘加油！必须要走向社会，小刘加油！结构：普通疑问句+AorB？例：Areyouaworkeroradoctor?Imadoctor.(句意:你是一个工人还是一个医生？我是一位医生。）Isitapenorapencil?Itsapen.(句意：这是一支钢笔还是一支铅笔？这是一支钢笔。）第25页刘健亮刘健亮 09061020220906102022 短短大学四年就要过去了，不想和短短大学四年就要过去了，不想和大学说再见。珍惜校园自由生活，不过大学说再见。珍惜校园自由生活，不过必须要走向社会，小刘加油！必须要走向社会，小刘加油！结构：which+普通疑问句？例：whichoccupationdoyouprefer？workeroradoctor?doctor.(句意:哪种职业你更喜欢？医生。）whichdoyoulikebest？penorapencil?pen.(句意：你更喜欢哪一个？钢笔。）第26页反义疑问句第27页结构：陈说句简略疑问句“？”YouarefromAmerica,arentyou?陈说句简略疑问句陈说句必定句否定句否定疑问句必定疑问句第28页简略疑问句：动词主语？Be动词情态动词助动词人称代词（主格）注：简略问句假如是否定式，not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写第29页简略疑问句：动词主语？Be动词情态动词助动词人称代词（主格）注：简略问句假如是否定式，not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写第30页第31页特殊句型在祈使句反义疑问句后统一用willyou?当祈使句以lets开头时,疑问句用shallwe。1.Speaklouder,_?3.Letsgohome,_?2.Dontbelate,_?注意：假如以letus开头，疑问句部分依然用willyouLetussingasongforyou,?第32页陈说部分是Iam或Im时，疑问部分用arentI.IamhavinganEnglishlesson,_.第33页宾语从句中,以主句为准,但假如主语是第一人称I或者We且谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose时,以从句为准.2.Heneversaidhe was a good student,_？4.I dont believe he studies harder,?3.I think you are right,_?1.YoutoldthemTomwouldntcome,_？第34页陈说部分主语是陈说部分主语是everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,anybody,noone,nobody等时，疑问部分主语用they或he；Everybodyknowstheanswer,？或？these，those时，疑问部分主语用theyThisisyourbook,？Everythinghereisgood,？this，that时，疑问部分主语用it；everything,something,nothing,anything时，疑问部分用itTheseareyourfriends,？第35页Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions.第36页一、问句部分与陈说部分主语不一致情况：陈说部分主语疑问部分主语 例句this或thatitThisisyourmother,isntit?these或those theyThesearebooks,arethey?somethingeverything等itNothingisserious,isit?they/heEveryoneknowsthis,dontthey?/doesnthe?somebodyeveryone等_第37页陈说部分主语 疑问部分主语 例句 no one；noneneither,either they/heNo one came,did they?each of he/theyEach of the boys has a football,hasnt he?None of it None of the milk is left,is it?第38页Lets do some exercises1.Mary has two brothers,_ _?2.He hasnt a lot of time,_ _?3.They all had a good time,_ _?4.We have to get up early,_ _?doesnt shehas he didnt theydont we*第39页Lets do some exercises5.We had better go right now,_ _?6.He cant be a doctor,_ _?7.He must be happy,_ _?8.He needs help,_ _?hadnt weis heisnt he doesnt he*第40页Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions.第41页二、问句部分和陈说部分谓语不一致情况：陈说部分谓语 疑问部分谓语 例句has(有）have或doMaryhastwobrothers,doesntshe/hasntshe?have(有否定形式）与陈说部分一致Hehasntsometime,hashe?have(不做有讲）doTheyhadagoodtime,didntthey?havetodoWehavetogetup,dontwe?hadbetterhadWehadbettergorightnow,hadntwe?第42页陈说部分谓语 疑问部分谓语 例句cant(不可能）表推测 cant 后面动词Hecantbeadoctor,ishe?must表推测 must后动词Hemustbehappy,isntit?实义动词needdoHeneedstodosomesports,doesnthe?第43页Letsdosomeexercises1.Heishardlyabletoswim,_?2.Thereislittleinkinyourpen,_?3.Thechairisuncomfortable,_?4.Hehasnothingtosay,_?isheisthereisntitdoeshe*第44页Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions.第45页三、问句必定或否定问题：hardly,never,few,little,none,nothing,neither,nobody等必定形式HehaveneverbeentoJapan,havehe?含有un,im,dis-等否定前缀及less-等后缀派生词否定形式Itsunfair,isntit?第46页1).Im your friend,_ _?2).There arent any books on the desk,_ _?3).Turn off the light,_ _?4).Dont make a noise,_ _?arent I are there will you will you Lets do some exercises*第47页Lets do some exercises6.Lets go for a walk,_ _?7.Let us do it by themselves,_ _?8.He says that I did it,_ _?shall we will you 5.Let him come in,_ _?will youdoesnt he*第48页Lets do some exercises9.I dont think Mary is coming tomorrow,_ _?10.She thinks she can get there on time,_ _?is shedoesnt she*第49页Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions.第50页四、一些特殊附加疑问句：四、一些特殊附加疑问句：IamarentIImyourfriend,arentI?TherebebethereThereisabookonthedesk,isntthere?必定祈使句willyouwontyouComehere,willyou?否定祈使句willyouDontmakeanoise,willyou?第51页 let us,let me let+第三人称 will youLet us do it,will you?lets shall weLets go for a walk,shall we?主从复合句与主句谓 语一致He says I did it,doesnt he?I think/believe/suppose等与从句谓语一致I dont think Mary is coming tomorrow,is she?he/she/it+think/believe等与主句谓 语一致She thinks she can get there on time,doesnt she?第52页五、反意问句回答五、反意问句回答：1、-You didnt go to his birthday party last night,did you?-_ ,though I wasnt busy.A.Yes,I did B.No,I didnt C.Yes,I didnt D.No,I didB.No,I didnt2.You have no classes on Saturday,do you?A.,we doB.,we dont YesNo第53页1.Some plants never come out,_ _?2.We have to get there at eight tomorrow,_ _?3.Youd better read it by yourself,_ _?4.He must be a doctor,_ _?5.Everything is ready,_ _?6.Everyone knows the answer,_ _?7.I dont think he is bright,_ _?8.She believe she can do it better,_ _?9.Dont do that again,_ _?Do some exercises:do they dont we hadnt you isnt he isnt itdont they is he doesnt she will you第54页10.Lets go and listen to the music,_ _?11.Let us wait for you in the reading room,_ _?12.There is not be any trouble,_ _?13.Im as tall as your sister，_ _?shall we will you is there arent I第55页祈使句第56页思索：假如我们把五大基本句型头砍掉，思索：假如我们把五大基本句型头砍掉，会出现什么？会出现什么？（主谓）（主谓宾）（主谓宾宾补）（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓表）句子灵魂句子灵魂 句子会以V，也就是动词开头啦 第57页这就是我们今天要学这就是我们今天要学这就是我们今天要学这就是我们今天要学“祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句”用于表示意愿、命令、请求、劝说、警告、禁止等句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最惯用于表示命令，所以在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称（you），所以通常都省略。祈使句动词都为普通现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束，读时用降调。第58页举几个例子吧举几个例子吧举几个例子吧举几个例子吧Go and wash your hands.（去洗你手。命令）Be quiet,please.（Please be quiet.）（请平静。请求）Be kind to our sister.（对姊妹要和善。劝说）Watch your steps.（走路小心。警告）Look out！Danger！（小心！危险！强烈警告）Keep off the grass.（勿践草坪。禁止）No parking.（禁止停车。禁止）No eating or drinking.(禁止吃喝。禁止)No littering.(禁止乱扔垃圾。禁止)祈使句也常把主语“You”表示出来，使对方听起来以为柔和些，比如：You go and tell him,Chris.（克立斯去告诉他。）第59页表现形式：必定句1Do型(即：动词原形(+宾语)+其它成份)。如：Please have a seat here.请这边坐。有祈使句在意思明确情况下，动词可省略。如：This way,please.=Go this way,please.请这边走。2Be型(即：Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成份)。如：Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子!3Let型(即：Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成份)。如：Let me help you.让我来帮你。第60页表现形式：否定句1Do型和Be型否定式都是在句首加dont组成：如：Dont forget me!不要忘记我！Dont be late for school!上学不要迟到！是系表结构也就是没有行为动词不过有形容词那种使用Dont be 有行为动词就不能这么用，只能用Dont 2Let型否定式有两种：“Dont+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成份”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成份”。如：Dont let him go./Let him not go.别让他走。3有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性祈使句。如：No smoking!禁止吸烟！No fishing!禁止钓鱼！第61页练习将以下汉语翻译成英语。1.请照看好您包。_.2.让我们去学校吧！_!3.亲爱，高兴点儿！_!4.不要把书放这儿。_.5.不要让猫进来。_.6.禁止吸烟。_!Key:1Please look after your bag.2Lets go to school.3Be glad,dear 4Dont put the book here.5Dont let the cat come in/Let the cat not come in.6No smoking！第62页Guessing GameTurn leftTurn leftTurn rightTurn rightWalk on the zebra crossing!Dont smokeDont smokeNo smokingNo smokingDont play footballDont park your car!第63页Dont eatDont pick the flowers!Go upstairs!Go downstairs!第64页感叹句第65页所谓感叹句，就是用来表示喜怒哀乐所谓感叹句，就是用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情句子。近年来，感叹句组等强烈感情句子。近年来，感叹句组成及转换是中考常考考点之一，所以，成及转换是中考常考考点之一，所以，掌握感叹句对于中考至关主要。感叹掌握感叹句对于中考至关主要。感叹句普通由句普通由whatwhat或或howhow开头，句末加感叹开头，句末加感叹号号“！”。WhatWhat修饰名词，修饰名词，howhow修饰形修饰形容词、副词、动词。容词、副词、动词。第66页感叹句组成 感感叹部分部分 +陈说部分部分How+形容词形容词/副词副词What+(a an)+形容词形容词+名词名词主语主语+谓语谓语注意：注意：陈说部分陈说部分能够省略，能够省略，感叹部分感叹部分不能够省略！不能够省略！第67页例句How silly you are!你真傻！How beautiful it is!多美啊！How well the clothes fit!这衣服多合身啊！How wet and cold the weather is!雨这么大，天又那么冷！What a nice day it is!多好天气啊！What fine weather it is!多好天气啊！What beautiful flowers they are!多美花啊！第68页省略后感叹句How silly!（你）真傻！How beautiful!多美啊！How well!（这衣服）多合身啊！How wet and cold!雨这么大，天又那么冷！What a nice day!多好天气啊！What fine weather！多好天气啊！What beautiful flowers!多美花啊！第69页1.It is a long story.2.This book is interesting.陈说句句变感感叹句步句步骤：一断一断 二看二看 三加三加 四换四换whathowWhat a long story it is!How interesting this book is!第70页一一、由、由WHATWHAT组成感叹句组成感叹句1.What+a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！”Whatacleverboy(heis)!（他是）多么聪明孩子呀！2.What+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！Whatfineweather(itis)!Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!Whatfun!多好玩呀！第71页 二二、由、由HowHow组成感叹句组成感叹句1.How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）+！Howcleveraboyheis!他多么聪明男孩！2.How+形容词+主语+谓语！Howbeautifulthegirlis!那位姑娘多么漂亮呀！3.How+副词+主语+谓语！Howfastheruns!他跑得多么快呀4.How+主语+谓语！Howtimeflies!时间过得真快呀！第72页三、陈说句变为感叹句方法把一个陈说句变为感叹句时，常使用“一分二加三换位四去掉”方法。详细步骤为：第一步：“一分”，即在谓语动词后面划一双竖线，使句子分为两部分。如：Heisaveryhonestboy.他是一个老实孩子。LiLeiworksveryhard.李雷学习很刻苦。第73页第二步：“二加”即假如第二部分中心词是名词，就加上what；假如是形容词或副词，就加上how.如：Heis(what)averyhonestboy.LiLeiworks(how)veryhard.第三步：“三换位”即把第一部分与第二部分交换位置，句号换位感叹号。如：Whataveryhonestboyheis!HowveryhardLiLeiworks!第四步：“四去掉”即原陈说句中含有very,too等程度副词时，在变成感叹句时要去掉。以上两个句子就应该变为以下形式：Whatanhonestboyheis!HowhardLiLeiworks!第74页感叹句记忆口诀感叹句，并不难，what与how应在前。形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见。第75页Workouttherules:Workouttherules:Howcutethecatis!Howlovelythepandasare!Howfastheruns!形容词/副词Howwonderfullysheswims!1How_主语谓语！Howprettyagirlsheis!2How_a/an单数名词主语谓语！形容词第76页WHAT 与与HOW 大大转换1.What a pretty girl she is!_ _ the girl is!2.How difficult the questions are!_ _ _ they are.3.How big the factory is!_ _ big factory _ _!How prettyWhat difficult questions What a it is第77页4.What a clever boy!_ _ the boy _!5.How tall the trees are!_ tall trees _ _!6.What interesting books they are!_ _ the books _!7.How funny the girl is!_ _ funny girl _ _!How cleverisWhat a she is How interestingWhat they areis第78页
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