河北大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年河北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年河北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年河北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年河北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年河北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年河北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following 15 words,abbreviations or terminologyinto Chinese,with one point for each.(15)1CIO【答案】首席信息官2GNP【答案】国民生产总值3ISO【答案】国际标准化组织4NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织5WHO【答案】世界卫生组织6New York Stock Exchange【答案】纽约证券交易所7NASDAQ Composite Index【答案】纳斯达克综合指数8bubble economy【答案】泡沫经济9credit rating【答案】信用等级评定10ecosystem【答案】生态系统11free trade zone【答案】自由贸易区12market share【答案】市场份额13monetary policy【答案】货币政策14public hearing【答案】公开听证会15vicious circle【答案】恶性循环II Directions:Translate the following 15 words or terminology into English,with one point for each.(15)1全球变暖【答案】global warming2自然遗产【答案】natural heritage3平等互利【答案】equality and mutual benefit4科学发展观【答案】scientific outlook on development5教育部【答案】Ministry of Education6希望工程【答案】hope project7国际社会【答案】international community8信息技术【答案】information and technology9知识产权【答案】intellectual property right10中央银行【答案】Central Bank11国企【答案】state-owned enterprise12宏观调控【答案】macroeconomic control13生产力【答案】productivity14传销【答案】pyramid selling15通货膨胀【答案】inflationIII.Directions:Translate the following English text into Chinese.(60)Sept 11 delivered both a shock and a surprise-the attack,and our response toit-and we can argue forever over which mattered more.There has been somuch talk of the goodness that erupted that day that we forget howunprepared we were for it.We did not expect much from a generation thathad spent its middle age examining all the ways it failed to measure up to theone that had come before-all fat;no muscle,less a beacon to the world than abully,drunk on blessings taken for granted.It was tempting to say that Sept.11 changed all that,just as it is tempting tosay that every hero needs a villain,and goodness needs evil as its grindingstone.But try looking a widow in the eye and talking about all the good thathas come of this.It may not be a coincidence,but neither is it a partnership:good does not need evil,we owe no debt to demons,and the attack did notmake us better.It was an occasion to discover what we already were,“Maybethe purpose of all-this,”New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani said at afuneral for a friend,“is to find out if America today is as strong as when wefought for our independence or when we fought for ourselves as a Union toend slavery or as strong as our others and grandfathers who fought to rid theworld of Nazism.”The terrorists,he argues,were counting on our cowardice.Theyve learned a lot about us since then.And so have we.(273 words)【参考译文】“911”事件既令人震惊，也令人意外。震惊的是恐怖袭击事件本身，意外的是我们对事件的反应。至于说这二者孰轻孰重，人们也许会永远争论下去。对于当天一下子涌现出来的闪耀着人性光辉的英雄事迹，我们已经谈得不少了。在一片谈论声中，我们居然忘了，当时我们是有多么措手不及。因为我们本来就没有对这代美国人抱有多大期望。这一代美国人中年是在自叹不如的心境中度过的，他们总感到在各个方面都无法和上一代美国人相提并论。他们虚浮有余，坚实不足，根本谈不上是世界的灯塔，倒却是横行的恶霸，沉醉于祖辈的福荫之中，从不觉得受之有愧。人们也许会说，是“911”事件改变了这一切，正如有人会说，英雄需要有恶棍来陪衬，善良需要有邪恶来砥砺。但当你望着911死难遗孀的双眼时，你难道还能侃侃而谈911事件所引发的好处吗？不错，善恶并存也许确实非巧合，但它们也绝非相互依存的伙伴：善用不着恶陪伴左右，我们绝不亏欠魔鬼，911事件也没有把我们变成更好的人。它只是一次机会，我们不过借此机会发现了自己的本色。纽约市市长朱利安尼在朋友的葬礼中说得好：“也许这一切的目的就是要考验一下，看看今日的美国是否仍像当年为争取独立而战时那样坚强，是否仍像当年为结束奴隶制而团结奋战时那样坚强，是否仍像当年我们的父辈为消灭纳粹而战时那样坚强。”他认为，恐怖主义者就指望我们会胆怯。但自911事件以来，他们想必对我们已有所了解。当然我们对自己也有了不少认识。IV Directions:Translate the following Chinese text into English.(60)海洋覆盖了地球表面的71%，是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分，也是资源的宝库，环境的重要调节器。人类社会的发展必然会越来越多地依赖海洋。中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护，把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略，加强海洋综合管理，不断完善海洋法律制度，积极发展海洋科学技术和教育。中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务，推进国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作，并认真履行自己承担的义务，为全球海洋开发和保护事业作出了积极贡献。（214 words）【参考译文】The ocean,which covers 71 percent of the earths surface,is a basiccomponent of the global bio-support system.It is also a treasure house ofresources and an important regulator of the environment.It is inevitable thatthe development of human society will come to depend more and more on theocean.As a major developing country with a long coastline,China attaches greatimportance to marine development and protection,and takes it as the statesdevelopment strategy.It is constantly strengthening comprehensive marinemanagement,steadily improving its marine-related laws,and activelydeveloping science,technology and education pertaining to the oceans.Chinahas made positive contributions to international ocean development andprotection by participating positively in UN marine affairs,promotingcooperation between countries and regions and conscientiously carrying outits obligations in this field.2013年河北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following 15 abbreviations,words or terminologyinto Chinese,with one point for each.(15)1NGO【答案】非政府组织2CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数3SNS【答案】社交网络软件4NASA【答案】美国航空航天局5IAEA【答案】国际原子能机构6UN Climate Change Conference【答案】联合国环境变化会议7keynote speech【答案】主题演讲8Nobel prize in literature【答案】诺贝尔文学奖9primary elections【答案】初选10certificate【答案】资格证书11euro zone【答案】欧元区12middle income trap【答案】中等收入陷阱13trailer【答案】拖车；预告片14unemployment rate【答案】失业率15manufacturing output【答案】制造业产出II.Directions:Translate the following 15 words or terminology into English,with one point for each.(15)1十二五规划【答案】The Twelfth Five-Year Plan2社会保障体系【答案】social security system3全体会议【答案】plenary meeting4文化逆差【答案】cultural deficit5老龄化问题【答案】aging problem6通讯卫星【答案】communications satellite7中医【答案】a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine8供应链【答案】supply chain9打破世界纪录【答案】break the world record10平板电脑【答案】tablet computer11白名单【答案】white list12优质产品【答案】quality product13高端市场【答案】high-end market14茶道【答案】tea ceremony15楼市【答案】property marketIII.Directions:Translate the following English text into Chinese.(60)The U.S.and China have a wide-ranging,deep and relatively maturerelationship.The presidents of both countries have repeatedly indicated thevalue of developing a cooperative relationship for the future.Both sides havea pragmatic awareness of the issues on which they disagree,and bothappreciate the importance of not permitting those specific disagreements toprevent cooperation on major issues where cooperation can be mutuallybeneficial.In addition,the leaders and top working-level officials on bothsides have gained substantial experience in dealing with each other and,inmany cases,have come to know each other fairly well.The above are promising dimensions of U.S.-China relations and should bode(预示)well for the future.There is no more important bilateral relationship,and thus its future direction is of enormous importance to each country,theregion,and the world.For regional and global issues such as nonproliferationand climate change,active U.S.-China cooperation or at least parallel actionsmakes issues more manageable;having the U.S.and China work at crosspurposes makes those issues more difficult,or even impossible,to manage.Despite both sides tacit agreement on the above,there are grounds for deepconcern about the future.As of early 2012 the U.S.has withdrawn its forcesfrom Iraq and is on schedule to draw down its involvement in the Afghanconflict,and Washington is rebalancing its policy in the direction of Asia andthe Pacific.This shift reflects President Obamas basic perspective,asAmericas self-described“first Pacific president,”that because Asia is themost important region of the world for the future of the United States,it isvitally important that America maintain and enhance its leadership role there.In November 2011 the Obama Administration publically committed to devotethe necessary resources to sustain this leader-ship role in Asia,even as itsdomestic fiscal challenges threaten substantial cuts in the overall defensebudget and make funding of major overseas commitments potentially morecontroversial at home.(325 words)【参考译文】美国和中国有着广泛、深刻、并相对成熟的关系。两国元首多次表示，未来发展两国的合作关系是有意义的。实际上双方都清醒地知道彼此的分歧，也明白不能让这些分歧阻碍彼此在重大问题上的互利合作。此外双方领导人和高级官员在处理彼此关系的过程中获得了丰富的经验，在很多问题上都十分了解彼此。以上是中美关系的前景，预示着中美关系会向好的方向前进。中美关系是最重要的双边关系，因此中美关系未来的发展方向对每个国家、地区以及整个世界都具有重大意义。对于诸如防止核扩散和气候变化等地区性和全球问题，中美的积极合作会使得这些问题更为可控，如果中美两国的处理方式背道而驰的话，这些问题会更加难以解决，甚至无法解决。尽管双方在上述问题上达成了默契，但仍有理由对中美关系的未来感到担忧。2012年初，美国已经从伊拉克撤军，并计划逐步减少对阿富汗冲突的干涉，华盛顿正在重新平衡其在亚洲和太平洋地区的政策。这一转变反映了奥巴马总统的基本观点，即美国自认为是太平洋国家的领头羊，而且认为亚洲是关乎美国未来的最重要的地区，因此美国必须保持并加强在亚洲的领导地位。2011年11月，奥巴马政府公开承诺将投入必要的资源，以维持在亚洲的领导地位，尽管当时国内财政危机的发生使得美国需要大量减少总体国防预算，也使得投资主要海外市场的计划在美国国内引发了更大争议。IV Directions:Translate the following Chinese text into English.(60)从心理方面来说，到了老年，有两种危险倾向需要注意防止。一是过分地怀念过去。老想着过去，总觉得过去怎么怎么好，或者总是为己故的朋友而忧伤，这是不妥的。一个人应当考虑未来，考虑一些可以有所作为的事情。要做到这一点并非总是很容易的；自己过去的经历就是一个越来越沉重的包袱。人们往往会对自己说，我过去感情多么丰富，思想多么敏锐，现在不行了。如果真是这样的话，那就不要去想它，而如果你不去想它,情形就很可能不是这样了。另一件需要避免的事就是老想和年轻人呆在一起，希望从青年的活力中汲取力量。孩子们长大之后，就希望独立生活，如果你还像在他们年幼时那样关心他们，你就会成为他们的累赘。我不是说一个人不应当关心孩子，而是说这种关心主要应该是多为他们着想，可能的话，给他们一些接济，而不应该过分地动感情。（343字）【参考译文】Psychologically,there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.Oneof these is undue absorption in the past.It does not do to live in memories,inregrets for the good old days,or in sadness about friends who are dead.Onesthoughts must be directed to the future,and to things about which there issomething to be done.This is not always easy;for ones own past is agradually increasing weight.It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotionsused to be more vivid than they are,and ones mind keener.If this is true,itshould be forgotten,and if it is forgotten,it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of suckingvigor from its vitality.When your children are grown up,they want to livetheir own lives,and if you continue to be as interested in them as you werewhen they were young,you are likely to become a burden to them.I do notmean that one should be without interest in them,but ones interest should becontemplative and,if possible,philanthropic,but not unduly emotional.2014年河北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following 15 words,abbreviations or terminologyinto Chinese,with one point for each.(1*15)1CAT【答案】计算机辅助翻译2GATT【答案】关税及贸易总协定3IAEA【答案】国际原子能机构4NGO【答案】非政府组织5UNICEF【答案】联合国儿童基金会6America Stock Exchange【答案】美国证券交易所7Account balance【答案】账户余额8Silicon Valley【答案】硅谷9joint venture【答案】合资企业10permanent member of the UN Security Council【答案】联合国安理会常任理事国11military tribunal【答案】军事法庭12low-carbon economy【答案】低碳经济13public opinion poll【答案】民意调查14World Expo【答案】世博会15currency devaluation【答案】货币贬值II.Directions:Translate the following 15 words or terminology into English,with one point for each.(1*15)1国际惯例【答案】international practice2最惠国待遇【答案】most-favored-nation treatment3联合国维和部队【答案】UN peacekeeping force4服务【答案】service5中国大陆【答案】Chinese mainland6中国特色的社会主义市场经济【答案】socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics7髙铁【答案】high-speed railway8国土资源部【答案】Ministry of Land and Resources9国务卿【答案】Secretary of State10法治社会【答案】law-based society11素质教育【答案】quality education12记者会【答案】press conference13以人为本【答案】people-oriented14主题公园【答案】theme park15战略伙伴关系【答案】strategic partnershipIII.Directions:Translate the following English text into Chinese.(60)US investments in China in 1983 totaled roughly$85 million,there are morethan 20 joint ventures between the US and Chinese investors.In addition,over one-half billion dollars have been invested by US corporations inoffshore oil exploration.There are reasons to be optimistic and to expect that commercial andfinancial relationships will grow in the future.But there are also difficultiesto be resolved.Let me first address reasons for expecting growth and thendiscuss the problems.After a period of dramatic shifts in economic policy,China has decided on astable and promising economic course.It is aimed at adjusting the pace ofmodernization to Chinas resource capabilities and its goal of major increasesin employment,providing incentives for agricultural and industrialproductivity;strengthening light,labor intensive industries,using technologyto modernize and promote the technological transformation of existingindustries;and removing bottlenecks imposed by energy and transportationconstraints.In many of these areas,particularly agriculture,the results have been verypositive.Food production is increasing rapidly.Modernization of industrialproduction is occurring throughout the country,and production units aremerging to achieve important economies of scale.Economic growth has beenroughly 10%although it is faster in heavy industries and slower in some lightindustries than hoped for.I believe Chinese economic authorities recognizethe problem and the next Five-Year Plan will address it effectively.(229words)【参考译文】1983年，美国在中国的投资总额约为8500万美元，有20多家中美合资企业。此外，美国公司在近海石油勘探方面投资了超过5亿美元。我们有理由保持乐观，并期望未来的商业和金融关系将会发展。但也有一些问题需要解决。让我先谈谈期望增长的原因，然后讨论这些问题。在经历了一段时间的经济政策大转变之后，中国决定了走上稳定而有前途的经济发展道路。它旨在调整现代化的步伐，以适应其资源潜力和大量增加就业机会的目标，刺激农业和工业生产力；加强轻工业及劳动密集型的产业，利用技术进行现代化，并促进现有产业的技术改造，并消除能源和交通上的障碍。中国在许多领域，尤其是农业领域，取得了很大的成效。粮食迅速增产，工业生产的现代化正在全国范围内进行，生产单位正在合并为大规模企业。经济增长率约有10%，尽管重工业的增长速度更快，一些轻工业的增长速度也慢于预期。我相信，中国经济部门已经意识到这个问题，下一个五年计划将有效地解决这个问题。IV.Directions:Translate the following Chinese text into English.(60)我们都知道，丘吉尔是个著名的政治家，但或许很少有人知道画油画是伴随他四十多年的业余爱好。当时，他害怕自己会因极度紧张而得神经官能症，甚至会支撑不住，因为他清楚地看到了所有严重而又紧迫的问题，知道解决这些问题的明智办法，但他却不在“谋其政”的位置上。怎样减缓精神压力？这是丘吉尔所面临的问题。在一个朋友的鼓励下，他决定把学油画作为业余爱好。画画给了他新的精神食粮和头脑锻炼，使他在无聊时有了一种消遣。随着绘画技巧的极大提高，他能更加细賦地观察和享受大自然的美。生活因此比以前变得更有意义，更加快乐。从这个故事中，我们懂得了一个人在生活中有业余爱好十分重要，因为他帮助你摆脱生活的枯燥感，让你用理智而又艺术的方法来充实你的休闲时间，并且缓解你的精神压力！（324字）【参考译文】As is known to us all,Churchill was a famous statesman,but perhaps fewpeople knew that painting was a hobby he stuck to for more than forty years.At that time,he was afraid that he would develop neurosis because ofextreme stress and would not live long.That was because he clearly saw allthe serious and urgent problems and knew the wise measures to solve theseproblems,but he was not in power.How to relieve stress?This was aproblem Churchill was faced with.Encouraged by a friend,he decided tostudy oil painting as a hobby.Painting enriched his spiritual life andchallenged his mind.He painted when he felt bored.With the greatimprovement of painting skills,he can observe and enjoy the beauty of naturemore carefully.Life is therefore more meaningful and happier for him thanbefore.From the story,we know it is of vital importance for one to have a hobby inlife.Because it helps you break the monotony of life,enrich your leisure timein a rational and artistic way,and relieve your stress!2015年河北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following abbreviations,words or terminologiesinto Chinese.(1*15)1APEC【答案】亚太经合组织2R.S.V.P.【答案】请尽快回复（法语短语Respondez sil vous plait的缩写）3NGO【答案】非政府组织4CTO【答案】首席技术官5FDA【答案】食品药品监督管理局6give the floor to sb【答案】给某人发言权7ask for the moon【答案】异想天开，痴人说梦8watchdog【答案】监察机构9cyberspace【答案】网络空间10reality TV show【答案】真人秀11E-commerce【答案】电子商务12ice bucket challenge【答案】冰桶挑战13tiger mom【答案】虎妈14flash mob【答案】快闪族15the bursting of property bubble【答案】房地产泡沫破裂II.Directions:Translate the following abbreviations,words or terminologiesinto English.(1*15)1中国梦【答案】Chinas Dream2改革开放【答案】reform and opening-up3社交网络【答案】social network4反腐运动【答案】anti-corruption campaign5全面深化改革【答案】deepen reform in an all-round way6可持续发展【答案】sustainable development7财年【答案】financial year8人均寿命【答案】average life span9新常态【答案】new normal10社保基金【答案】social security fund11依法治国【答案】rule of law12降息【答案】interest rate cut13峰会【答案】summit14自拍【答案】selfie15流行语【答案】buzzwordIII.Directions:Translate the