北京外国语大学《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解2011年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解2012年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解2013年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解2014年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解2015年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解2010年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解I.Translate the following terms into Chinese.(15 points,1 point each)1UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织2NASA【答案】美国国家航天航空局3Diet of Japan【答案】日本国国会4FDI【答案】国际牙科联合会；外国直接投资5CCTV（not 中国中央电视台）【答案】闭路电视6FBI【答案】美国联邦调查局7GM crop【答案】转基因作物8IAEA【答案】国际原子能组织9opportunity cost【答案】机会成本10Keynesians【答案】凯恩斯学派11the Tories【答案】英国保守党12the State Department in Washington【答案】位于华盛顿的美国国务院13the Treasury Department of the U.S.【答案】美国财政部14protectionism【答案】保护主义15Balance of Payments【答案】国际收支平衡表II.Translate the following terms into English.(15 points,1 point each)1中国特色的社会主义【答案】Socialism with Chinese characteristics2科学发展观【答案】the Scientific Outlook on Development3全面建设小康社会【答案】building a moderately prosperous society in all respects4以人为本【答案】people-oriented5宏观经济调控【答案】macroeconomic regulation6自主创新能力【答案】independent innovation capability7完善人民币汇率形成机制【答案】strengthen the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate8中西医并重【答案】place importance on both Chinese and western medicine9突发事件应急管理机制【答案】regulation system for public emergencies10港人治港【答案】Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong11构建两岸关系和平发展框架【答案】build up a framework for the peaceful development of cross-Straitrelations12知足常乐【答案】A contented mind is a perpetual feast13水火无情【答案】Fire and water have no mercy14祸从口出【答案】A man may dig his grave with his teeth15一蹶不振【答案】reach the excess of failure from which he never rose againIII.Translate the following passages into Chinese.(60 points)1Acting recently as an expert witness in a murder trial,I became aware ofa small legal problem caused by the increasingly multicultural nature of oursociety.According to English law,a man is guilty of murder if he killssomeone with the intention either to kill or to injure seriously.But he is guiltyof the lesser crime of manslaughter if he has been sufficiently provoked or ifhis state of mind at the time was abnormal enough to reduce hisresponsibility.The legal test here is a comparison with the supposedlyordinary manthe man on the Clapham omnibus,as the legal clich has it.Would that ordinary person feel provoked under similar circumstances?Wasthe accuseds state of mind at the time of the killing very different from thatof an average man?【参考译文】最近，我在一个谋杀案的审讯中作为专业证人出庭。在这个过程中，我开始意识到一个由文化逐渐多元的社会所带来的法律小问题。根据英国法律，如果一个人出于故意杀害或伤害的目的杀人，他就是有罪的。不过，如果当时他处于严重被激怒的状态，或者他的精神状态十分异常导致他所付的责任应当减少，他同样是有罪的，可犯的却是指控较轻的误杀罪。这里所使用的法律测试是将被告与一个被认为是普通人的人作比较，用法律术语说，也就是一个“在案件那种特定的情况下一个普通理智的人”。在相似的情形下，这个普通理智的人是否也会被激怒？被告在杀人的瞬间，精神状态是否与一般人非常不同？2Sparkling or still?Spring or tap?Imported or domestic?Flavored orplain?Theres nothing simple about a drink of water,now that the bottledstuff outsells both milk and beer in the United States.In just a couple ofdecades,weve become a nation awash in bottled waterwith tens of billionsof plastic empties to prove ittransforming the Drinking Fountain on a citystreet into a dated curiosity akin to the public telephone booth.How one of lifes basic necessities became a heavily marketed beverage in aplastic bottle is the subject of Elizabeth Roytes new book Bottlemania:HowWater Went on Sale and Why We Bought lt.Royte,an environmentaljournalist based in Brooklyn,N.Y.,shares the many,sometimes bizarre,unintended consequences of cracking open that plastic seal.【参考译文】是闪闪发光的还是静止不动的？是泉水还是自来水？是进口的还是国产的？是有味道的还是原味的？喝水真不是一件简单的事情，现在瓶装水在美国的销量已经超过了牛奶和啤酒。在短短几十年时间里，我们已然成为了一个被瓶装水淹没了的国家那些数百亿的塑料空瓶就证明了这一点，城市街道上的自动饮水喷头已经成了类似于公共电话亭的过时的奇物。伊丽莎白罗伊特的新书瓶装水热潮：水怎样开始销售以及我们为什么购买谈论的就是这样的一个主题：生活的一件必需品是怎样变成极大市场化了的瓶装饮料。罗伊特，一位在纽约布鲁克林区的环境记者，跟我们分享了许多打开塑料瓶盖后离奇的、意想不到的经历。IV.Translate the following passage into English.(60 points)陕西榆林红石峡“来我们榆林，第一要看镇北台，第二要看红石峡。那红石峡都出了名了，专有摄制组上这儿拍电影哩！”在前往榆林的长途汽车上，两个当地人这么跟我们说。既然如此，当然要去。不过，对当地人的“老王卖瓜”也做了一些思想准备。却不料，红石峡果真是个了不得的去处！它竟然是陕西省内最大一处摩崖石窟群。但见峡谷两侧赭红色的岩壁上惊人地布满大大小小的石刻和洞窟，一条湍急的清流则在谷底刷刷地流淌。静静往那儿一站，立刻就被中华大地那千古的历史、文化以及大自然的熏风吹醉了！【参考译文】The Red Stone Cliff in Yulin,Shanxi Provence“If you come to our Yulin,the first thing to visit is Zhen Bei Tai,and thesecond is the Red Stone Cliff.The Cliff has already made a name,and thereare even some film crews coming here especially for shooting films”,twolocal people told us on the coach travelling to Yulin.Now that it is so well-known,of course we have to visit there.However,westill get mentally prepared for the disappointment after visiting,since everycook praises his own broth.However,we never expect that Red Stone Cliff is such a wonderful place!Itturned out to be the largest group of Cliffside grottoes in Shanxi Province.You can see those carved stones and grottoes,big and small,all amazinglyscattered among the rich red cliffs on both sides of the valley,and a swift,clear stream is flowing at the bottom.Standing over there quietly,you willsoon get intoxicated by the great history,the splendid culture and the warmbreeze on the land of China!2011年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解I.Translate the following terms into Chinese(15 points,1 point each):1APEC【答案】亚太经济合作组织2PPI【答案】生产者价格指数3POS machines【答案】电子收款机4chartered plane【答案】专机5makeshift hospital【答案】临时医院6down-payment requirement【答案】首付款7bailout money【答案】救助资金8domestic abuse【答案】家庭暴力9home appliances【答案】家电10quantitative easing【答案】定量宽松11Big Bang【答案】宇宙大爆炸12House of Commons【答案】下议院13Cantonese Opera【答案】粤剧14product placement ads【答案】产品置入广告15deposit reserve requirement ratio【答案】存款准备金率II.Translate the following terms into English(15 points,1 point each):1经济刺激方案【答案】Economic Stimulus Package2包容性增长【答案】inclusive growth3落地签证【答案】on-site visa4黑帮【答案】the Mafia5二房东【答案】Sub-landlord6紧凑型轿车【答案】Compact cars7潜规则【答案】hidden rule8留守儿童【答案】stay-at-home children9良性循环【答案】virtuous cycle10无党派人士【答案】non-party personage11下半旗致哀【答案】Half-mast12玩忽职守【答案】dereliction of duty13拆迁费【答案】relocation compensation14贫富两极分化【答案】polarization between the rich and the poor15厨房重地，闲人免进【答案】The kitchen,staff onlyIII.Translate the following passages into Chinese(60 points):1The Dead Sea,shared by Israel and Jordan,is the lowest spot on Earth.Itsshoreline is about 400 meters below sea level.As the worlds saltiest largebody of water,averaging a salt content 6 times higher than that of any ocean,the Dead Sea supports no life.With no outlet,the water that flows into theDead Sea evaporates in the hot,arid air,leaving the minerals.The JordanRiver is the chief source of the incoming water,but since the 1960s much ofits water has been diverted for irrigation.Its length has already shrunk bymore than a third,and,while the sea will never entirely disappear due toevaporation slowing down as surface area decreases and saltiness increases,the Dead Sea as we know it could become a thing of the past.【参考译文】位于以色列和约旦边境的死海是地球上的海拔最低点。它的海岸线大约在海平面以下400米。作为世界上最咸的一个水体，死海的平均含盐量是普通海域的六倍，因此死海中没有任何生命。由于没有出口，流入死海的水只能靠炎热干旱的空气蒸发，留下矿物质。约旦河是进水的主要来源，但自从60年代以来，约旦河的水大部分被用于灌溉。它的长度已经缩短了三分之一以上。虽然死海永远不会完全消失，因为海域面积的缩小和含盐量的增加使蒸发不断减缓，但我们所了解的死海或许终究将成为历史。2Cambridge psychologists and computer scientists have developed amobile phone technology which can tell if a caller is happy,angry,bored orsad.The Emotion Sense technology will enable psychologists to show linksbetween moods,location and people.It uses speech-recognition software andphone sensors attached to standard smart phones to assess how peoplesemotions are influenced by day-to-day factors.The sensors analyze voice samples and then place them into 5 emotionalcategories:happiness,sadness,fear,anger and a neutral category(such asboredom or passivity).Scientists then cross-reference these emotions againstsurroundings,the time of day and the callers relationship with the personthey are speaking to.Results from a pilot scheme revealed that callers arehappier at home,sadder at work and display more intense emotions in theevenings.【参考译文】剑桥大学的心理学家和计算机科学家联合研发了一种新型移动电话技术，可以识别通话者的心情是高兴，愤怒，无聊或者悲伤。情感感应技术将帮助心理学家发现情绪、地点与人之间的联系。通过语言识别软件和连接在智能电话上的感应器，情感感应技术能够分析出人的情绪如何受日常因素的影响。感受器分析声音片段，并把它们定位于五个不同的情感区间，即：开心，悲伤，恐惧，愤怒和中性区间（厌倦或者被动）。之后科学家们交叉分析这些情绪与环境、一天的时段以及通话人关系之间的联系。一个试验性计划的结果显示，通话者在回家时比较高兴，在工作时比较悲伤，在晚间则表现出更多的紧张情绪。IV.Translate the following passages into English(60 points):1网球是展示生命激情与活力的“运动芭蕾”，广东网球中心的建筑本身是展示力与美的动感舞台，既优雅又富含现代元素。网球中心是集竞技、休闲于一体的立体体育文化公园。两个网球场错落有致，形成富有张力的线条轮廓，契合体育运动所带来的动态之美。【参考译文】Tennis is the ballet of sports,featuring the dynamic and passion of life.Thearchitecture of Guangdong Tennis Center is a dynamic stage to represent thepower and beauty of the sport,with its elegance and modern air.The center ismore than a venue for playing sports;it also serves as a recreational park foreveryone.The two courts in the center are well-arranged,displaying thebeauty of tension,the vitality of power and the attraction of the sport.2漓江是数千年来无数文人志士获得灵感的地方。两岸是连绵的山峰，平静的河水倒映出魔幻般的美景，宛如童话一般。山峰在薄雾笼罩下时隐时现，令人陶醉。泛舟漓江，每个转弯处都能找到新奇，或见懒洋洋的水牛拉着大车，或见渔民在狭窄的竹筏上悠然自得。【参考译文】For thousands of years,the Li River has inspired many writers and artists.Itsnakes through a fairy-tale landscape of conical limestone peaks,its smoothwaters exquisitely mirroring the magical scenery.The vistas are particularlyenchanting when flowing mists weave themselves around the peaks,hidingthem and then exposing them in moments of surprise.Each bend of the riverreveals something new and interesting to see,from lumbering water buffalopulling carts to fishermen gliding on narrow bamboo rafts in the river.2012年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解I.Translate the following terms into Chinese.(15 points,1 point each)1TPP【答案】跨太平洋伙伴关系协议（全称：Trans-Pacific PartnershipAgreement）2Bretton Woods system【答案】布雷顿森林体系3magnetic resonance imaging【答案】磁共振成像4Fukushima【答案】福岛5carbon credit【答案】碳信用额6credit rating【答案】信用评级7consulate-general【答案】总领事馆8SDR(Special Drawing Rights)【答案】特别提款权9anti-monopoly legislation【答案】反垄断立法10incubation period【答案】潜伏期11total fertility rate【答案】总生育率12fuel cell【答案】燃料电池13soil alkalization【答案】土壤盐碱化14Memorandum of Understanding【答案】谅解备忘录15offshore oil drilling【答案】海洋石油勘探II.Translate the following terms into English.(15 points,1 point each)1辛亥革命【答案】the Revolution of 19112创业板市场【答案】Growth Enterprise Market/GEM3幸福指数【答案】Happiness Index4蚁族【答案】Ant Tribe5择校费【答案】school-choosing/school selection fee6主权债务危机【答案】sovereign debt crisis7海峡交流基金会【答案】Straits Exchange Foundation8京沪高铁【答案】Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway9限购令【答案】property-purchasing limitations10经济适用房【答案】Residence houses for low-and-medium wage earners11平板电脑【答案】tablet computer12权利下放【答案】Decentralization of Power13保值储蓄【答案】inflation-proof bank savings14挖墙脚【答案】undermine the foundation of sth.;cut the ground from under sbsfeet15贪多嚼不烂【答案】bite off more than one can chewIII.Translate the following passages into Chinese.(60 points)1The Center,for the Implementation of Public Policies Promoting Equityand Growth(CIPPEC)is a leading think tank in Argentina.It is a private,non-profit organization that strives to create a more just,democratic andefficient public sector in Argentina,and is devoted to the study of theeducation,health,fiscal,political,judicial and public management systems,in order to determine needs,opportunities,and obstacles for theimplementation of effective public policies.The think tank elaborates and disseminates technical information about thefunctioning of Argentine institutions to promote the accountability of publicofficials.CIPPEC also provides technical assistance to provincialgovernments and municipalities,and maintains regional networks working ontopics such as parliamentary transparency,democratic institutions,regionalintegration,etc.Its current projects consist of two training courses onquantitative methods to analyze international trade and financial tools forSMEs as well as a joint study on a comprehensive monitoring and evaluationsystem for the agency.(155 words)【参考译文】平等和增长公共政策中心（CIPPEC）是阿根廷的一家重要智库。该中心是一家私人的非营利性组织，致力于在阿根廷创建一个更公正、民主和高效的公共部门。同时，它也专注于研究教育、卫生、财政、政治、司法和公共管理系统，以便为有效公共政策的实施确定需求、机会和障碍。智库详细阐述并广泛传播阿根廷相关机构运行的技术信息资料，以促进公职人员履行责任。CIPPEC还为省级政府和市政当局提供技术援助，并保证区域网络致力于以下工作议题，如议会透明度、民主制度、区域一体化等。它当前的项目包括两个培训课程：用定量方法为中小企业分析国际贸易和金融工具，以及为该机构联合研究一个全面监测和评价系统。2The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagiprefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more elementaldangers that can threaten economic activity on the crowded and seismicallyvulnerable Japanese archipelago.Weighing the full implications of thenatural disaster will take time.Yet the earthquake at the very least throws ahuge question mark over an economic recovery that economists had hopedwould gather steam in 2011 after stalling in the last three months of 2010.Although the areas worst hit are far less economically significant than thecoastal industry zones,which suffered widespread stoppages after the 1995Kobe earthquake,the disaster could heighten recent uncertainty amongconsumers and investors about the prospects for Japans continued recoveryfrom its worst postwar recession.Learning from the lessons of the devastating disaster in 1995,the governmentand insurance companies have been actively encouraging even smallercompanies to draw up detailed“business continuity plans”intended tominimize losses and aid quick recoveries.In the longer term,the earthquakeis certain to force heavy spending on construction and public works in theaffected region.The terrifying footage of tsunami carrying away wholebuildings makes it clear that dealing with the damage will require huge effortand heavy investment.(212 words)【参考译文】今年年初，一场强地震重创了日本东北部宫城地区海岸。这个触目惊心的事件提醒人们，还有一些更为基本的风险可能会威胁到人口稠密、易受地震冲击的日本列岛上的经济活动。衡量自然灾害的全面影响需要时间。不过，这场地震至少给日本经济复苏划上了一个巨大的问号经济学家们原本期望，在2010年后三个季度陷入停滞后，2011年经济会迅猛发展。虽然受灾最重地区在经济上的重要性远不及关西地区的沿海工业区在1995年神户地震之后，该地区经济遭受了大范围中断，但是这场灾难可能会加深消费者和投资者对日本经济能否持续保持从战后严重衰退中复苏的不确定性。吸取了1995年那场毁灭性灾难的教训，日本政府和保险公司在积极鼓励各家企业（哪怕是一些小企业）拟定详细的“商业应急方案”，旨在尽最大可能降低损失，并帮助它们迅速恢复。长期而言，这场地震势必会促使受灾地区在建筑和公共建设工程方面大举投入。那些海啸卷走整座建筑物的恐怖画面表明，应对损害将需要巨大的努力和高额投资。IV.Translate the following passages into English.(60 points)1在人类历史的长河中，美术不仅给人民大众带来了美的享受，更是记载着一个国家、一个民族生生不息、延绵不绝的历史。我国的艺术市场要在国际市场中占有一席之地，首先要有高质量的产品，其次要有良好的信誉，第三要有善于营销的经营主体和人才。中国有着五千年的深厚文化底蕴，有着数百万计的艺术家队伍，有着旺盛的艺术创造力，也有着让世人瞩目的许许多多的艺术奇珍。但是多年来，由于我们缺乏国际市场运作经验，缺少高素质的艺术经纪人队伍，因此，中国艺术家的优秀作品在国际市场上还没有实现艺术价值和商品价格的统一。随着国际交流活动日益增多，我们要抓住当前的大好机遇，努力打造一个讲诚信、重艺术的中国品牌，共同迎接艺术产业活跃繁荣的春天。（304字）【参考译文】In the long river of human history,art not only brings people a sense ofenjoyment,but also record the everlasting vitality and continuous successionof the history of a country and a nation.To make our art market take a place in the international market,we mustfirstly ensure high quality products and then hold a good reputation;thirdly,there have to be operators and talents excellent in marketing.China,anancient country of profound cultural deposits for more than 5000 years,possesses a team of millions of artists with vigorous creativity and a greatmany amazing well-known art But for many years,due to the lack ofinternational market operational experience and high quality art brokers,Chinese artists outstanding works have not realized the unity of artistic valueand commodity price in the international market.With the increasing international communication activities,we must seize thegreat opportunity and strive to build a Chinese brand emph