1、李晏杰,等.解毒化瘀护肾方治疗慢加急性肝衰竭并发肝肾综合征的效果观察解毒化瘀护肾方治疗慢加急性肝衰竭并发肝肾综合征的效果观察李晏杰1,王沙1,王娜1,莫展进2,毛德文1,石清兰1,黄祖鸿2,柏文婕2,龙富立1,唐鲲1,封佩佩2,杨敏21 广西中医药大学第一附属医院肝病科,南宁 530023;2 广西中医药大学,南宁 530022通信作者:石清兰,(ORCID:0000000264543309)摘要:目的探讨解毒化瘀护肾方治疗慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)并发肝肾综合征(HRS)的临床疗效以及对内毒素血症的影响。方法收集2020年3月2022年6月在广西中医药大学第一附属医院诊治的96例ACLF并发
2、HRS患者的临床资料,按随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组,每组48例。两组均给予西医综合治疗,对照组单给予去甲肾上腺素及白蛋白治疗,观察组予解毒化瘀护肾方联合去甲肾上腺素、白蛋白治疗,疗程均为2周。比较治疗前后两组患者血清内毒素水平、证候积分、24 h尿量、肾功能、肝功能、凝血功能以及临床疗效的差异。计量资料2组间比较采用成组t检验,组内治疗前后比较采用配对t检验;计数资料2组间比较采用2检验。结果治疗2周后,观察组中医证候积分显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组内毒素水平、尿素、肌酐、胱抑素C、凝血酶原时间较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05),观察组肾小球滤过率、24 h尿量、血
3、清Alb、凝血酶原时间活动度较对照组升高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);治疗2周后观察组总有效率(87.50%)高于对照组(66.67%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在西医综合治疗的基础上,解毒化瘀护肾方能降低ACLF并发HRS患者的血清内毒素水平,改善其肝肾功能、凝血功能及增加尿量,疗效优于单纯西医治疗。关键词:慢加急性肝功能衰竭;肝肾综合征;解毒化瘀护肾方;内毒素血症基金项目:广 西 自 然 科 学 基 金 创 新 团 队 项 目(2018GXNFSFGA281002);广 西 科 技 基 地 和 人 才 专 项(桂 科AD17129001);国家中医药管理局第五批全国中
4、医临床优秀人才研修项目(国中医药人教函 2022 1号);广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2022KY0284);广西自然科学基金(2020GXNSFAA297070);广西中医药适宜技术开发与推广项目(GZSY2112)Clinical efficacy of Jiedu Huayu Hushen prescription in treatment of acuteonchronic liver failure complicated by hepatorenal syndromeLI Yanjie1,WANG Sha1,WANG Na1,MO Zhanjin2,MAO Dewen1
5、,SHI Qinglan1,HUANG Zuhong2,BO Wenjie2,LONG Fuli1,TANG Kun1,FENG Peipei2,YANG Min2.(1.Department of Liver Diseases,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530023,China;2.Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530022,China)Corresponding author:SHI Qingl
6、an,(ORCID:0000000264543309)Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of Jiedu Huayu Hushen prescription in the treatment of acuteonchronic liver failure(ACLF)complicated by hepatorenal syndrome(HRS)and its effect on endotoxemia.MethodsClinical data were collected from 96 patients with A
7、CLF complicated by HRS who were diagnosed and treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine from March 2020 to June 2022,and they were divided into observation group and control 其他肝病DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.09.0182151临床肝胆病杂志第39卷 第9期2023年9月 J Clin Hepatol
8、,Vol.39 No.9,Sep.2023group using a random number table,with 48 patients in each group.In addition to comprehensive Western medicine therapy,the patients in the control group were given norepinephrine and albumin,while those in the observation group were given Jiedu Huayu Hushen prescription combined
9、 with norepinephrine and albumin,and the course of treatment was 2 weeks for both groups.The two groups were compared in terms of serum endotoxin level,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,24hour urine volume,renal function,liver function,coagulation function,and clinical outcome.The inde
10、pendentsamples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups,paired ttest was used for comparison before and after treatment within the group;and the chisquare test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.ResultsCompared with the control group after 2 we
11、eks of treatment,the observation group had a significantly lower TCM syndromes core(P0.05),significantly lower levels of endotoxin,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,cystatin C,and prothrombin time(all P0.05),and significantly higher levels of glomerular filtration rate,24hour urine volume,serum a
12、lbumin,and prothrombin time activity(all P0.05).After 2 weeks of treatment,the observation group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group(87.50%vs 66.67%,P1 500 mL/d,BUN、Scr、内毒素、ALT、AST、TBil较原水平降低50%以上,PTA较原水平升高50%以上。有效:症状、体征有所改善,尿量增多在 4001 500 mL/d,BUN、Scr、内毒素、ALT、AST
13、、TBil较原水平降低25%,PTA较原水平升高25%以上,且稳定1周以上。无效:症状、体征没有改善,甚至加重,尿量在 400 mL/d 以下或无尿,ALT、AST、TBil、PTA 等无恢复,甚至加重,患者病情继续恶化。有效率=(显效+有效)/总例数100%。1.5统计学方法采用 SPSS 23.0 进行统计分析。计量资料以x s表示,2组间比较采用成组t检验,同组治疗前后比较采用配对t检验;计数资料2组间比较采用2检验。P0.05)(表2)。表1中医证候积分评分表Table 1Chinese medicine symptom score scale主症小便不利肢体水肿腹胀身目发黄面色晦暗乏
14、力神疲懒言腰膝酸软便溏尿黄(晨起)食欲减退恶心呕吐口苦肌肤瘀斑0分无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无2分有涩滞感轻度偶有轻度面部微灰无华动则易疲劳精神不振轻度大便不成型尿色较黄食有减退进食后偶有呕势较缓口中似有苦味偶有,成点状4分涩滞明显重度常有中度暗无光泽自觉体倦乏力精神疲乏中度粪质稀薄尿色黄明显减退进食后即有呕势较猛口中发苦局部、片状瘀斑6分排尿困难重度整日重度灰黑而枯乏力欲卧精神萎靡重度大便如水状尿色黄如浓茶纳呆不食频频发作呕势猛烈口味甚苦全身瘀斑2153临床肝胆病杂志第39卷 第9期2023年9月 J Clin Hepatol,Vol.39 No.9,Sep.2023组内比较,观察组和对照
15、组患者治疗后的中医证候积分均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的中医证候积分较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)(表3)。2.2两组患者内毒素水平比较组内比较,观察组和对照组患者治疗后的内毒素水平均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的内毒素水平较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)(表4)。2.3两组患者肾功能及24 h尿量对比组内比较,治疗2周后,两组患者的BUN、Scr、胱抑素C水平均显著降低(P值均0.01),GFR水平、24 h尿量较治疗前均显著升高(P值均0.05);治疗后观察组BUN、Scr、胱
16、抑素C水平均低于对照组(P值均0.05),且GFR水平、24 h尿量均高于对照组(P值均0.05)(表5)。2.4两组患者肝功能比较组内比较,治疗后两组患者的TBil、DBil、AST、ALT水平降低,Alb有所升高,表3治疗前后两组患者中医证候积分比较Table 3Comparison of TCM symptom scores between the two groups of patients before and after treatment组别对照组观察组例数4848中医证候积分治疗前34.356.6935.237.15治疗后22.453.3818.134.081)t值11.000
17、14.391P值0.0010.001注:与对照组治疗后比较,1)P0.050.7590.050.050.050.050.050.050.05表42组患者治疗前后血清内毒素比较Table 4Comparison of serum endotoxin between two groups of patients组别对照组观察组例数4848血清内毒素(EU/mL)治疗前0.160.070.150.05治疗后0.110.030.080.021)t值4.5499.006P值0.0010.001注:与对照组治疗后比较,1)P0.05。表5两组患者治疗前后肾功能及24 h尿量比较Table 5Compari
18、son of renal function and 24hour urine output before and after treatment between two groups of patients组别对照组治疗前治疗后t值P值观察组治疗前治疗后t值P值例数4848BUN(mmol/L)21.9310.3416.597.952.8360.00520.3610.1412.388.061)4.2680.001Scr(mol/L)242.0256.15151.1340.099.1380.001238.1154.16129.0734.761)11.7350.001胱抑素C(mg/L)4.651
19、.182.280.7811.6080.0014.261.161.930.651)12.1400.00124 h尿量(mL/d)365.0043.241 536.0077.3291.5790.001368.0044.151 846.0083.651)108.2600.001GFR(mL/min)32.4512.2552.0218.736.0580.00133.0113.2460.8921.361)7.6870.001注:与对照组治疗后比较,1)P0.05。2154李晏杰,等.解毒化瘀护肾方治疗慢加急性肝衰竭并发肝肾综合征的效果观察差异均具有统计学意义(P值均0.05);治疗后观察组TBil、DB
20、il、AST、ALT 水平低于对照组,Alb 较对照组升高(P值均0.05)(表6)。2.5两组患者凝血功能比较组内比较,治疗后两组患者的PT时间缩短,PTA升高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);治疗后观察组PT较对照组降低,PTA较对照组升高(P值均0.05)(表7)。2.6两组患者总体疗效评估治疗2周后观察组总有效率(87.50%)高于对照组(66.67%)(2=4.776,P0.05)(表8)。3讨论HRS是各种严重肝病终末期出现的以功能性肾损伤为主的一组并发症,病死率高,是亟待攻克的危重症。HRS发病机制尚未完全明确,目前尚无特异性的治疗药物。西医治疗HRS的主要手段为一般治疗和
21、替代疗法、肝移植,一般治疗如去除诱因、治疗原发疾病、积极补充有效血容量等,其有效药物有血管收缩剂如特利加压素、去甲肾上腺素、白蛋白、奥曲肽、前列地尔等,但疗效有限。而肝移植因肝源的缺乏、费用昂贵等条件的限制,不能常规开展。在中医学上并没有 HRS 相关病名的论述,HRS腹大胀满,脉络显露,恶心呕吐,小便不利等临床表现,与中医学上的“鼓胀”“关格”相似,主要为酒食不节、情志变化、外感邪毒、久病体虚易感而致肝脾肾受损,气滞、血瘀、水停而成。中医在“肝肾同源”理论的指导下,采用疏肝理气、健脾补肾、益气扶正、活血化瘀等治法治疗 HRS。如叶永安团队5在治疗HRS时“泄浊毒”与“活血利水”同用,取得了一
22、定的临床疗效。但由于本病基础疾病重、预后差,目前疗效仍不尽如人意,亟需在其疗效机制研究方面有新的突破。表6两组患者治疗前后肝功能比较Table 6Comparison of liver function between two groups of patients组别对照组治疗前治疗后t值P值观察组治疗前治疗后t值P值例数4848TBil(mol/L)346.3189.42271.8375.154.4180.001351.5318.44236.3666.351)11.5870.001DBil(mol/L)207.0663.17158.7445.124.3120.001221.5465.9813
23、8.3343.691)7.2850.001Alb(g/L)29.605.0432.036.492.0490.00128.455.7834.977.861)4.6300.001ALT(U/L)257.1388.57133.4752.808.3090.001259.2477.54111.2651.321)11.0260.001AST(U/L)204.5474.90115.6050.786.8090.001196.6070.3295.6344.791)8.3910.001注:与对照组治疗后比较,1)P0.05。表8两组患者临床疗效比较Table 8Comparison of clinical out
24、comes between the two groups of patients组别对照组观察组例数4848显效(例)1520有效(例)1722无效(例)166总有效率例(%)32(66.67)42(87.50)表7两组患者治疗前后凝血功能比较Table 7Comparison of coagulation function between two groups of patients before and after treatment组别对照组治疗前治疗后t值P值观察组治疗前治疗后t值P值例数4848PT(s)26.635.8521.474.714.7600.00127.195.8719.
25、444.251)7.4090.001PTA(%)37.513.9648.364.6712.2770.00136.723.6150.844.901)16.0730.001注:与对照组治疗后比较,1)P0.05。2155临床肝胆病杂志第39卷 第9期2023年9月 J Clin Hepatol,Vol.39 No.9,Sep.2023毛德文教授在治疗肝衰竭方面提出“毒浊致病”学说,研发的解毒化瘀方(茵陈30 g,赤芍50 g,白花蛇舌草30 g,大黄15 g后下,郁金15 g,石菖蒲15 g)应用于临床二十余年,获效病例已超过1 000例以上,使肝衰竭患者8周病死率降低至50%以下1。此外,团队予
26、健脾补肾、祛瘀化浊法治疗肾功能不全,发现患者肾纤维化程度和肾功能都有所改善,尤其是具有活血化瘀作用的单味中药三七能延缓肾衰肾纤维化进程6。据此认为,ACLF并发HRS的病机是“肝火盗肾气”,脾肾亏虚为本,湿热、血瘀为标,并将该病的发病机制凝练为“浊毒致病”学说,且重视“肝肾同源”是HRS“浊毒致病”学说的理论基础。“浊毒”是其主要致病因素,其主病位在肝、肾,其病因病机为肝失疏泄、肾失气化、肺失宣降、脾失健运,致“湿”“瘀”“痰”“虚”由内而生,日久诸邪酿“浊”成“毒”,闭阻水道而成,治宜“肝肾同治”,以清肝火,滋肾水为要,将解毒化瘀法与健脾补肾法相结合,在治疗ACLF的经验方解毒化瘀方基础上加
27、以健脾补肾、祛瘀化浊之品化裁,提炼出解毒化瘀护肾方。该方由茵陈30 g、葛根30 g、白花蛇舌草30 g、大黄15 g后下、郁金15 g、石菖蒲15 g、三七10 g、牛膝15 g、淮山15 g、菟丝子15 g,黄芪30 g,五味子15 g组成,方中茵陈蒿归肝、胆、脾、胃经,清脾胃湿热、利肝胆气机而退黄疸,是退黄要药;大黄归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经,主下瘀血,推陈致新,其味苦,能解血分热毒及胃肠瘀毒,主通腑泄浊毒使邪有出路6,与茵陈配伍,能通泄肠胃实热,清利肝胆血分热毒而退黄;白花蛇舌草归大肠、小肠经,有清热利湿解毒之功,而 中华本草 中记载白花蛇舌草入心、肝、脾、大肠经,能清心、肝、大肠热毒
28、;郁金在 本草新编中归心、肺、肝经,是血中气药,能开肝郁而通滞气,清心肺而散血热;石菖蒲归心、胃、肝、肺经,有化湿和胃,开窍醒神的作用;而牛膝、菟丝子均入肝、肾经,有滋补肝肾的作用,与固肾生津的五味子、补益脾肾的山药、振奋脾胃阳气的黄芪及葛根、化瘀行血的三七配伍,建中州、滋肾水而涵肝木,精准地契合了ACLF并发HRS因“毒”致“浊”、“浊”聚成“毒”、脾肾亏虚、浊瘀胶结的病因病机。现代医学证明,大黄治疗重型肝炎/肝衰竭合并HRS能明显阻滞HRS的进展,其机制可能是大黄能抑制多种炎症因子的释放,减少了内毒素对肾脏的损害7。葛根对肝脏具有保护作用,能降低醉酒大鼠ALT和GGT水平8,葛根素能减轻慢
29、性缺血性肾病临床症状,改善肾血流参数,降低Scr、尿素氮,改善患者肾功能9。疏肝健脾、调补肝肾是治疗HRS的常用治法10,黄芪、五味子是治疗HRS最常见的单味中药,均具有一定的升高血清Alb的作用,且五味子的有效成分五味子乙素还可以通过诱导肝肾组织中葡萄糖调节蛋白78/94表达、抑制TLR4表达等途径改善HRS大鼠的肝肾功能11。HRS发病过程中存在肾脏血流动力学的改变,表现为肾血管灌流不足、挛缩,脉管闭塞等,从而导致血液流速减慢,形成中医所述的“瘀血”。临床研究发现在西医对症支持治疗的基础上加用活血化瘀类中医药注射液,可提高HRS疗效,降低其腹水的复发率,减少病死率12。三七有效成分三七总皂
30、苷对高血压、高血糖、高血脂引起的大鼠肾损害亦有显著的预防治疗作用,黄芪、三七药对能显著改善急性肾损伤的炎症反应13。本研究发现,以“浊毒致病”立论的解毒化瘀护肾方能明显降低ACLF并发HRS患者的中医证候积分、增加患者尿量、减轻其内毒素血症,有很好的保护肝肾功能的作用,值得临床推广。但本研究仅观察到近期疗效,其减少HRS复发、降低死亡率等远期疗效的统计及其具体疗效机制仍有待深入的临床及试验研究以进一步验证。伦理学声明:本研究方案于2019年12月10日经由广西中医药大学第一附属医院医学伦理委员会批准,批号:伦审201902102。患者均签署知情同意书。利益冲突声明:本研究不存在任何利益冲突。作
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