51单片机电子琴的设计.doc

22 电子琴1 实验任务（1 由4X4组成16个按钮矩阵，设计成16个音。（2 可随意弹奏想要表达的音乐。2 电路原理图图4.22.13 系统板硬件连线（1 把“单片机系统”区域中的P1.0端口用导线连接到“音频放大模块”区域中的SPK IN端口上；（2 把“单片机系统“区域中的P3.0P3.7端口用8芯排线连接到“4X4行列式键盘”区域中的C1C4R1R4端口上；4 相关程序内容（1 4X4行列式键盘识别；（2 音乐产生的方法；一首音乐是许多不同的音阶组成的，而每个音阶对应着不同的频率，这样我们就可以利用不同的频率的组合，即可构成我们所想要的音乐了，当然对于单片机来产生不同的频率非常方便，我们可以利用单片机的定时/计数器T0来产生这样方波频率信号，因此，我们只要把一首歌曲的音阶对应频率关系弄正确即可。现在以单片机12MHZ晶振为例，例出高中低音符与单片机计数T0相关的计数值如下表所示音符频率（HZ）简谱码（T值）音符频率（HZ）简谱码（T值）低1DO26263628# 4 FA#74064860#1DO#27763731中 5 SO78464898低2RE29463835# 5 SO#83164934#2 RE#31163928中 6 LA88064968低 3 M33064021# 693264994低 4 FA34964103中 7 SI98865030# 4 FA#37064185高 1 DO104665058低 5 SO39264260# 1 DO#110965085# 5 SO#41564331高 2 RE117565110低 6 LA44064400# 2 RE#124565134# 646664463高 3 M131865157低 7 SI49464524高 4 FA139765178中 1 DO52364580# 4 FA#148065198# 1 DO#55464633高 5 SO156865217中 2 RE58764684# 5 SO#166165235# 2 RE#62264732高 6 LA176065252中 3 M65964777# 6186565268中 4 FA69864820高 7 SI196765283下面我们要为这个音符建立一个表格，有助于单片机通过查表的方式来获得相应的数据低音019之间，中音在2039之间，高音在4059之间TABLE:DW 0,63628,63835,64021,64103,64260,64400,64524,0,0DW 0,63731,63928,0,64185,64331,64463,0,0,0DW 0,64580,64684,64777,64820,64898,64968,65030,0,0DW 0,64633,64732,0,64860,64934,64994,0,0,0DW 0,65058,65110,65157,65178,65217,65252,65283,0,0DW 0,65085,65134,0,65198,65235,65268,0,0,0DW 02、音乐的音拍，一个节拍为单位（C调）曲调值DELAY曲调值DELAY调4/4125ms调4/462ms调3/4187ms调3/494ms调2/4250ms调2/4125ms对于不同的曲调我们也可以用单片机的另外一个定时/计数器来完成。下面就用AT89S51单片机产生一首“生日快乐”歌曲来说明单片机如何产生的。在这个程序中用到了两个定时/计数器来完成的。其中T0用来产生音符频率，T1用来产生音拍。5 程序框图开始行列式键盘按键按下成功否？识别按键功能根据按键功能，装入音符T值到T0中启动T0工作行列式键盘按键释放成功否？停止T0工作T0初始化并开中断允放T0中断T0中断入口重装TH0，TL0初值P1.0取反中断返回图4.22.26 汇编源程序KEYBUF EQU 30HSTH0 EQU 31HSTL0 EQU 32HTEMP EQU 33H ORG 00H LJMP START ORG 0BH LJMP INT_T0START: MOV TMOD,#01H SETB ET0 SETB EAWAIT: MOV P3,#0FFH CLR P3.4 MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JZ NOKEY1 LCALL DELY10MS MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JZ NOKEY1 MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH CJNE A,#0EH,NK1 MOV KEYBUF,#0 LJMP DK1NK1: CJNE A,#0DH,NK2 MOV KEYBUF,#1 LJMP DK1NK2: CJNE A,#0BH,NK3 MOV KEYBUF,#2 LJMP DK1NK3: CJNE A,#07H,NK4 MOV KEYBUF,#3 LJMP DK1NK4: NOPDK1: MOV A,KEYBUF MOV DPTR,#TABLE MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV P0,A MOV A,KEYBUF MOV B,#2 MUL AB MOV TEMP,A MOV DPTR,#TABLE1 MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV STH0,A MOV TH0,A INC TEMP MOV A,TEMP MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV STL0,A MOV TL0,A SETB TR0DK1A: MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JNZ DK1A CLR TR0NOKEY1: MOV P3,#0FFH CLR P3.5 MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JZ NOKEY2 LCALL DELY10MS MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JZ NOKEY2 MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH CJNE A,#0EH,NK5 MOV KEYBUF,#4 LJMP DK2NK5: CJNE A,#0DH,NK6 MOV KEYBUF,#5 LJMP DK2NK6: CJNE A,#0BH,NK7 MOV KEYBUF,#6 LJMP DK2NK7: CJNE A,#07H,NK8 MOV KEYBUF,#7 LJMP DK2NK8: NOPDK2: MOV A,KEYBUF MOV DPTR,#TABLE MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV P0,A MOV A,KEYBUF MOV B,#2 MUL AB MOV TEMP,A MOV DPTR,#TABLE1 MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV STH0,A MOV TH0,A INC TEMP MOV A,TEMP MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV STL0,A MOV TL0,A SETB TR0DK2A: MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JNZ DK2A CLR TR0NOKEY2: MOV P3,#0FFH CLR P3.6 MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JZ NOKEY3 LCALL DELY10MS MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JZ NOKEY3 MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH CJNE A,#0EH,NK9 MOV KEYBUF,#8 LJMP DK3NK9: CJNE A,#0DH,NK10 MOV KEYBUF,#9 LJMP DK3NK10: CJNE A,#0BH,NK11 MOV KEYBUF,#10 LJMP DK3NK11: CJNE A,#07H,NK12 MOV KEYBUF,#11 LJMP DK3NK12: NOPDK3: MOV A,KEYBUF MOV DPTR,#TABLE MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV P0,A MOV A,KEYBUF MOV B,#2 MUL AB MOV TEMP,A MOV DPTR,#TABLE1 MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV STH0,A MOV TH0,A INC TEMP MOV A,TEMP MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV STL0,A MOV TL0,A SETB TR0DK3A: MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JNZ DK3A CLR TR0NOKEY3: MOV P3,#0FFH CLR P3.7 MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JZ NOKEY4 LCALL DELY10MS MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JZ NOKEY4 MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH CJNE A,#0EH,NK13 MOV KEYBUF,#12 LJMP DK4NK13: CJNE A,#0DH,NK14 MOV KEYBUF,#13 LJMP DK4NK14: CJNE A,#0BH,NK15 MOV KEYBUF,#14 LJMP DK4NK15: CJNE A,#07H,NK16 MOV KEYBUF,#15 LJMP DK4NK16: NOPDK4: MOV A,KEYBUF MOV DPTR,#TABLE MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV P0,A MOV A,KEYBUF MOV B,#2 MUL AB MOV TEMP,A MOV DPTR,#TABLE1 MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV STH0,A MOV TH0,A INC TEMP MOV A,TEMP MOVC A,A+DPTR MOV STL0,A MOV TL0,A SETB TR0DK4A: MOV A,P3 ANL A,#0FH XRL A,#0FH JNZ DK4A CLR TR0NOKEY4: LJMP WAITDELY10MS: MOV R6,#10D1: MOV R7,#248 DJNZ R7,$ DJNZ R6,D1 RETINT_T0: MOV TH0,STH0 MOV TL0,STL0 CPL P1.0 RETITABLE: DB 3FH,06H,5BH,4FH,66H,6DH,7DH,07H DB 7FH,6FH,77H,7CH,39H,5EH,79H,71HTABLE1: DW 64021,64103,64260,64400 DW 64524,64580,64684,64777 DW 64820,64898,64968,65030 DW 65058,65110,65157,65178 END7 C语言源程序#include unsigned char code table=0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f, 0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07, 0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c, 0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71;unsigned char temp;unsigned char key;unsigned char i,j;unsigned char STH0;unsigned char STL0;unsigned int code tab=64021,64103,64260,64400, 64524,64580,64684,64777, 64820,64898,64968,65030, 65058,65110,65157,65178;void main(void) TMOD=0x01; ET0=1; EA=1; while(1) P3=0xff; P3_4=0; temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; if (temp!=0x0f) for(i=50;i0;i-) for(j=200;j0;j-); temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; if (temp!=0x0f) temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; switch(temp) case 0x0e: key=0; break; case 0x0d: key=1; break; case 0x0b: key=2; break; case 0x07: key=3; break; temp=P3; P1_0=P1_0; P0=tablekey; STH0=tabkey/256; STL0=tabkey%256; TR0=1; temp=temp & 0x0f; while(temp!=0x0f) temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; TR0=0; P3=0xff; P3_5=0; temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; if (temp!=0x0f) for(i=50;i0;i-) for(j=200;j0;j-); temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; if (temp!=0x0f) temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; switch(temp) case 0x0e: key=4; break; case 0x0d: key=5; break; case 0x0b: key=6; break; case 0x07: key=7; break; temp=P3; P1_0=P1_0; P0=tablekey; STH0=tabkey/256; STL0=tabkey%256; TR0=1; temp=temp & 0x0f; while(temp!=0x0f) temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; TR0=0; P3=0xff; P3_6=0; temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; if (temp!=0x0f) for(i=50;i0;i-) for(j=200;j0;j-); temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; if (temp!=0x0f) temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; switch(temp) case 0x0e: key=8; break; case 0x0d: key=9; break; case 0x0b: key=10; break; case 0x07: key=11; break; temp=P3; P1_0=P1_0; P0=tablekey; STH0=tabkey/256; STL0=tabkey%256; TR0=1; temp=temp & 0x0f; while(temp!=0x0f) temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; TR0=0; P3=0xff; P3_7=0; temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; if (temp!=0x0f) for(i=50;i0;i-) for(j=200;j0;j-); temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; if (temp!=0x0f) temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; switch(temp) case 0x0e: key=12; break; case 0x0d: key=13; break; case 0x0b: key=14; break; case 0x07: key=15; break; temp=P3; P1_0=P1_0; P0=tablekey; STH0=tabkey/256; STL0=tabkey%256; TR0=1; temp=temp & 0x0f; while(temp!=0x0f) temp=P3; temp=temp & 0x0f; TR0=0; void t0(void) interrupt 1 using 0 TH0=STH0; TL0=STL0; P1_0=P1_0;