福建师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年福建师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年福建师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年福建师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.Vocabulary and grammar(30 points,1.5 points for each)Multiple choiceDirections:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Mark youranswers on your answer sheet.1Mr.Smith will _ resign in view of the complete failure of theresearch project.A.doubtfullyB.adequatelyC.presumablyD.reasonably【答案】C【解析】句意：鉴于史密斯先生这次在研究项目上彻底的失败，他很有可能要辞职。presumably很可能，大概。doubtfully怀疑地，含糊地。adequately足够地。reasonably合理地，有理性地。因此，本题的正确答案为C。2She is so sophisticated that she remains confident and _ untroubledby our present problems.A.indefinitelyB.infinitelyC.optimisticallyD.pessimistically【答案】C【解析】句意：她非常的老练，遇到我们现在遭遇的问题她依旧自信，乐观，不受干扰。optimistically乐观地。乐观地，与confident属于同一个语义场。indefinitely无期限地。infinitely极其，非常。pessimistically悲观地。因此，本题的正确答案为C。3The Chinese Red Cross is _ the International Red Cross.A.blended withB.affiliated withC.adjacent toD.pertinent to【答案】B【解析】句意：中国红十字会隶属于国际红十字会。be affiliated with隶属于。be blended with与混合在一起。be adjacent to与毗邻。bepertinent to与相干。因此，本题的正确答案为B。4The authorities will _ your license if you get caught drunk driving.A.revokeB.restoreC.authorizeD.withdraw【答案】A【解析】句意：如果你酒驾被抓，当局会撤销你的驾驶证。revoke取消，撤销，废除（许可，法律、协议等）。restore恢复，复位。authorize批准，许可。withdraw撤离。因此，本题的正确答案为A。5Often such arguments have the effect of _ rather than clarifying theissues involved.A.compromisingB.obscuringC.tacklingD.prejudicing【答案】B【解析】句意：通常这样的争论只会让问题模糊化，而不是解释清楚牵涉的问题。obscure作动词，意为“使模糊，使隐晦”。compromise妥协，和解。tackle解决问题。prejudice作动词，意为“使怀有偏见”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。6More than 85 percent of the population in that country speaks French as amother tongue and _ to the Roman Catholic faith.A.ascribesB.subscribesC.adheresD.caters【答案】B【解析】句意：那个国家85%以上的人把法语当成母语并且坚持罗马天主教的信仰。adhere to 固守，坚持，固执（于），粘附，附着，追随，支持。ascribe to 归咎于，归因于，把归属于。subscribe to 捐助，订购（书籍等）。cater to 对提供所需的东西，迎合，供应伙食。因此，本题的正确选项为B。7Some American colleges are state-supported,others are privately _,and still others are supported by religious organizations.A.enlightenedB.attributedC.authorizedD.endowed【答案】D【解析】句意：在美国，一些大学是国立的，一些大学时私人捐赠建立的，还有一些是宗教组织建立的。有题意可知，本题要选出同support同义的词。endow（向学校等机构）捐钱，资助。enlighten启发，启蒙。attribute把归因于。authorize批准，授权。因此，本题的正确答案为D。8When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want,thequestion _ a variety of answers.A.defiesB.magnifiesC.mediatesD.evokes【答案】D【解析】句意：当人们被问起他们需要什么样的房子，这个问题引起了多种答案。evoke引起，唤起。defy违抗，反抗。magnify放大，增强。mediate调停，调解促成（协议）。因此，本题的正确答案为D。9A felling of sadness _ the atmosphere after they heard the news ofthe air crash.A.scatteredB.permeatedC.shatteredD.overflowed【答案】B【解析】句意：人们听到这场空难的消息后，悲伤的情绪在空气中弥漫开来。permeate（气体、液体）弥漫，（情绪）扩散，感染。scatter撒，散播。shatter使破碎，使破裂。overflow漫出，溢出。因此，本题的正确答案为B。10The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from mental illness.Her plot against a completely innocent ole man is a sign of _.A.impulseB.insanityC.inspirationD.disposition【答案】B【解析】句意：很明显，这篇奇异故事中的女士有精神病，她对一位完全无辜的老人设置阴谋就体现了她的精神失常。insanity精神失常。impulse冲动，心血来潮。inspiration灵感。disposition性格，性情。因此，本题的正确答案为B。11Well be very careful and keep what youve told us strictly _.A.rigorousB.confidentialC.incredibleD.mysterious【答案】B【解析】句意：我们会非常小心，严格保密你告诉我们的话。confidential保密的，机密的。rigorous细致的，谨慎的。incredible难以置信的，mysterious神秘的。confidential保密的，最符合语境。因此，本题的正确答案为B。12Hermans success is due to his hard work and his ability to _ planswhich will get work done efficiently.A.fulfillB.elevateC.formulateD.paralyze【答案】C【解析】句意：赫尔曼的成功要归功于他的勤奋和制定高效工作计划的能力。formulate制定，规划，构想。fulfill完成。elevate举起，抬高，提拔。paralyze使麻痹。因此，本题的正确答案为C。13Peter was _ of speeding when he saw the patrolmen.A.on the edge ofB.on the way ofC.on the fringe ofD.on the verge of【答案】D【解析】句意：彼得在看到巡警的时候几乎超速了。on the verge of几乎，差不多。on the edge of与on the fringe of同义，意为“在边缘”。on the way of在的路上，关于的方法。因此，本题的正确答案为D。14It is usually agreed that economic controls can _ inflation bypreventing overt wage and price and price increases from taking place.A.suppressB.impressC.compressD.depress【答案】A【解析】句意：多数人同意经济控制能够通过阻止公开的工资和价格增长来抑制通货膨胀。suppress抑制，压制。impress给留下印象。compress压缩。depress使抑郁，降低（价格）。因此，本题的正确答案为A。15_,a man who expresses himself efficiently is sure to succeed morerapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things being equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other thins to be equal【答案】A【解析】句意：在其它条件相同的情况下，一个能有效地表达自己的人比一个语言表达能力差的人更容易获得成功。本题考查独立主格结构，A项为“other things are equal”的独立主格形式，being为非谓语。B项为虚拟语气句，原型是“if other things were equal”，既然从句为虚拟语气句，相应的主句也应该为虚拟语气句，明显与事实不符。C项为目的状语从句，与原句逻辑不通。D项时态不对，不需要用将来时。因此，本题的正确答案为A。16Most doctors recognize that medicine is _.A.an art as much it is a scienceB.as much an art as it is a scienceC.as an art as much it is a scienceD.much an art as it is a science【答案】B【解析】句意：大多数医生都承认医学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。本题考查as much as的用法。as much as意为“既又”时，用法有两种，第一是as much as作为一个整体，第二种是as much+A+as+B，如 Its as much your responsibility as mine.翻译为“这既是你的责任，也是我的责任”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。17_ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed onconstruction sites by 90 percent.A.So clever are the construction robotsB.So clever construction robots areC.Such construction robots are cleverD.Such clever construction robots are【答案】A【解析】句意：建筑机器人是如此的聪明，它们的建设最终可能减少90个百分点的地盘需要的劳动量。so/such 结构放在句首的时候要构成部分倒装。clever是形容词所以要用so。so clever are the constructionrobot=the construction robots are so clever。因此，本题的正确答案为A。18Once they had fame,fortune,secure futures;_ is utter povertyA.now that all is leftB.now all that is leftC.now all which is leftD.now all what is left【答案】B【解析】句意：他们曾经有名望、有财富和有无虑的未来，而现在剩下的只是彻底的贫穷。all是个代词,后跟定语从句，并且只能用关系代词that引导，what不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句。因此，本题的正确答案为B。19The years of practice,of developing my special technique,are just aboutto _.A.turn upB.figured outC.pay offD.clear away【答案】C【解析】句意：多年的培养技能的练习终于快要得到回报了。pay off得到回报。turn up露面，被发现。figure out计算，弄明白。clear away清除，收拾。因此，本题的正确答案为C。20Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job,education is one of the most _ areas in Chinese life.A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.contagiousD.superficial【答案】B【解析】句意：因为在中国优秀大学的学历是通向一份好工作的途径，因此，教育是中国人生活中竞争最激烈的领域之一。competitive竞争的。sophisticated见多识广的，精密的。contagious接触传染的。superficial表面的，肤浅的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。II.Reading comprehension(40 points)Section 1 Multiple choice(20 points,2 points for each)Directions:In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on youranswer sheet.Passage APersistent bullying is one of the worst experiences a child can face.How canit be prevented?Peter Smith,Professor of Psychology at the University ofSheffield,directed the Sheffield Anti-Bullying Intervention Project,fundedby the Department for Education.Here he reports on his findings.Bullying can take a variety of forms,from the verbalbeing taunted orcalled hurtful namesto the physicalbeing kicked or shovedas well asindirect forms,such as being excluded from social groups.A survey Iconducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to aquarter of pupils reported experience of bullying,which in about one in tencases was persistent.There was less bullying in secondary schools,withabout one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying,but these cases may beparticularly recalcitrant.Bullying is clearly unpleasant,and can make the child experiencing it feelunworthy and depressed.In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide,thoughthis is thankfully rare.Victimized pupils are more likely to experiencedifficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults,while children whopersistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent,andconvicted of anti-social offences.Until recently,not much was known about the topic,and little help wasavailable to teachers to deal with bullying.Perhaps as a consequence,schoolswould often deny the problem.“There is no bullying at this school”has beena common refrain,almost certainly untrue.Fortunately more schools are nowsaying:“There is not much bullying here,but when it occurs we have a clearpolicy for dealing with it.”Three factors are involved in this change.First is an awareness of the severityof the problem.Second,a number of resources to help tackle bullying havebecome available in Britain.For example,the Scottish Council for Researchin Education produced a package of materials,Action Against Bullying,circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland insummer 1992,with a second pack,Supporting Schools Against Bullying,produced the following year.In Ireland,Guidelines on Countering BullyingBehavior in Post-Primary Schools was published in 1993.Third,there isevidence that these materials work,and that schools can achieve something.This comes from carefully conducted“before and after”evaluations ofinterventions in schools,monitored by a research team.In Norway,after anintervention campaign was introduced nationally,an evaluation of forty-twoschools suggested that,over a two-year period,bullying was halved.TheSheffield investigation,which involved sixteen primary schools and sevensecondary schools,found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying.Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying,sayingclearly what is meant by bullying,and giving explicit guidelines on what willbe done if it occurs,what records will be kept,who will be informed,whatsanctions will be employed.The policy should be developed throughconsultation,over a period of timenot just imposed from the head teachersoffice!Pupils,parents and staff should feel they have been involved in thepolicy,which needs to be disseminated and implemented effectively.Other actions can be taken to back up the policy.There are ways of dealingwith the topic through the curriculum,using video,drama and literature.These are useful for raising awareness,and can best be tied in to early phasesof development,while the school is starting to discuss the issue of bullying.They are also useful in renewing the policy for new pupils,or revising it inthe light of experience.But curriculum work alone may only have short-termeffects;it should be an addition to policy work,not a substitute.There are also ways of working with individual pupils,or in small groups.Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile,and certain approaches to group bullying such as“no blame”,can be useful inchanging the behavior of bullying pupils without confronting them directly,although other sanctions may be needed for those who continue withpersistent bullying.Work in the playground is important,too.One helpful step is to trainlunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting,and helpthem break up conflicts.Another possibility is to improve the playgroundenvironment,so that pupils are less likely to be led into bullying fromboredom or frustration.With these developments,schools can expect that at least the most seriouskinds of bullying can largely be prevented.The more effort put in and thewider the whole school involvement,the more substantial the results arelikely to be.The reduction in bullyingand the consequent improvement inpupil happiness-is surely a worthwhile objective.1A recent survey found that in British secondary schools _.A.there was more bullying than had previously been the caseB.there was less bullying than in primary schoolsC.cases of persistent bullying were very commonD.indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with2Children who are bullied _.A.are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average personB.find it more difficult to relate to adultsC.are less likely to be violent in later lifeD.may have difficulty forming relationships in later life3The writer thinks that the declaration“There is no bullying at this school”_.A.is no longer true in many schoolsB.was not in fact made by many schoolsC.reflected the schools lack of concernD.reflected a lack of knowledge and resources4What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?A.Bullying declined by 50%after an anti-bullying campaign.B.Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullyingcampaign.C.Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.D.Bullying is a less serious problem in Norway than in the UK.5Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?A.Bullying:what parents can doB.Bullying:are the media to blameC.Bullying:the link with academic failureD.Bullying:from crisis management to prevention【答案与解析】1B 文章第1段提到“There was less bullying in secondary schools”，第1段提到英国小学生中长期霸凌的概率是1/10，而英国中学生中长期霸凌的概率为1/25，由此可知，英国中学中的霸凌现象比小学的少。故选B。2D 文章第2段第3句提到“Victimized pupils are more likely toexperience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults”，由此可知，受霸凌的学生会在今后的成人生活中遇到人际交往的问题。故选D。3D 文章第4段开头提到学校从不承认校园霸凌到承认的态度转变主要是有两个原因：“First is an awareness of the severity of the problem.Second,a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become availablein Britain.”，由此可推测，之前学校不承认校园霸凌的原因是校方缺乏意识和资源，故选D。文章第3段倒数第2句提到题中的说法是不正确的，故排除A、B。C项在文中没有提及。故选D。4A 文章第4段倒数第2句提到“In Norway,after an interventioncampaign was introduced nationally,an evaluation of forty-two schoolssuggested that,over a two-year period,bullying was halved”，由此可知，在一场反霸凌运动后，霸凌现象减少了一半，故A正确。B项错在学校的数量，学校的数量应为42。C项过度延伸题意，这场运动持续了2年，但作者并没有指出2年是最佳的时长。D项在文中没有提及。故选A。5D 文章从第三段开始讲述阻止校园霸凌现象的方法，由此可见全文大部分内容与抑制校园霸凌的内容有关，因此选择D项。文章并未提到校园霸凌与父母、媒体以及学术的关系，故因此排除A、B、C。故选D。Passage BIt is over five hundred years since Columbus“discovered”America.Thecelebration of the anniversary has at least produced one benefit.It has soeffectively focused on the worldwide problem of the rights of aboriginalpeoples.Developments in America demonstrate the problem more clearlythan anywhere else.This was a whole continent,the population of which inColumbuss day may have numbered as many as 100 million.Today only afraction of these Indian peoples survive,and any truly Indian culture can onlybe found isolated in small pockets.Why was the Indian culture less able thanothers to resist the European pressure?Any processes elsewhere resemblingthe one in America have only taken place in more marginal areas of theworld.Such processes are complex,and this is not the place for a moredetailed analysis.What is clear,however,is that at certain times and incertain places we are confronted by a different force from infectious diseasesand mortality or the haphazard outcome of wars and rapacity,and that is thesystemic“ethnic cleansing”of the aboriginal populationbetter known asgenocide.There is a most urgent need to define the rights of aboriginalpeoples and to respect those rights in a manner which makes it possible tolive in peace and mutual understanding.To succeed in this,we need peoplelike Turn.For this Committee it was a happy coincidence that it was preciselyin the year of Columbus that she emerged as such a strong candidate for thisPrize.Tum chose to dedicate herself to political and social work for her people.Shetells us in her autobiography what a difficult choice it was not to have afamily.She was engaged,she tells us,and felt an obligatio