1、主谓一致第1页第2页第3页第4页第5页语法一致标准主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。Jolinhasmadegreatsuccesswithsomanyyearsgoingon.Jolin是单数形式,谓语动词have也应该用单数形式hasTheJolinsareveryfondofsinging.theJolins指一家人,表示复数,谓语动词be也应该用复数形式are。第6页意义一致标准意义一致标准是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。有时候主语在形式上是单数形式,不过其意义是负数,谓语动词依据意义而定,采取复数
2、形式。The singer and artist is holding a concert called“landblue”.歌星和大艺术家是同一个人,是单数。Theoldareverywelltakencareofinourcity.theold指全部老年人,指一类人,是复数。第7页就近标准就近标准是指谓语动词改变以靠近谓语动词主语部分而定。Linlinoryouaresupposedtogetintothehole.You是最靠近谓语动词主语部分,所以be动词应该用复数形式are。第8页第9页1不定代词either,neither,each,one,theother,another以及复合
3、不定代词someone,somebody等作主语,谓语动词用单数。Someonehasparkedthecaronthestreet.OneisfromtheUSAandtheothertwoarefromtheUK.代词做主语第10页2.不定代词none作主语时假如指人或者可数物,指数目,谓语动词单复数均可;假如指不可数名词,指量,谓语动词用单数。None of the students have/has made the mistakes thistime.代词做主语第11页3.all(单独作主语)指人时,谓语动词用复数,指物时,谓语动词用单数。Allarepresentatthemeet
4、ing.Allisgoingonverywell.代词做主语第12页4.由each修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Each位于复数主语后或者句尾作同位语时,不影响谓语动词单复数形式。Eachstudenthasawalkmanwhichhelpsthemimprovetheirlistening.Theyeachhavewonthefirstprize.=Theyhavewonthefirstprizeeach.代词做主语第13页5.neitherof和eitherof加复数名词或者代词作主语,谓语动词用单复数均可。Eitherofthestoryis/areinteresting。Neit
5、herofushas/havereceivedthepostcard.代词做主语第14页6.such作主语时谓语动词单复数形式应该依据其意义而定。SuchisStephenHawing,whohassufferedagreatdealbutachievedsomuch.Sucharethedifficultiesthatwearefacedwith.代词做主语第15页7.疑问代词作主语时,谓语动词应该依据其实际意义来判断单复数。Whoisthegirloverthere?Whoarethegirlsoverthere?Whichisyourbook,thisoneorthatone?Which
6、areyourbooks,theseorthose?代词做主语第16页8.关系代词作主语,其人称和数改变随先行词而定。Thosewhohaveseenthefilmpleaseputupyourhands.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisourchairman.注意三种结构:oneof,theonlyof,nottheonlyof加名词或者代词结构中定语从句单复数。代词做主语第17页1.集体名词作主语(1)people,cattle,police只有复数概念集体名词,谓语动词用复数。(2)equipment,furniture,baggage,machiner
7、y,clothing,jewellery等表示某一类物品总称集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。(因为这些词是不可数名词。)名词做主语第18页(3)audience,army,class,company,enemy,family,group,public,government,population等集体名词作主语,若作为一个主体,谓语动词用单数;若着眼于组员或者个体,谓语动词用复数。Hisfamilywasthelargestamongthewholevillage.Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.名词做主语第19页2.单复数同形词作主语,谓语动词单复数依据其
8、意义而定。如means,fish,sheep,deer,crossroads,series,species,works(工厂)Eachmeanshasbeentriedtosolvetheproblem.Therearevariousofmeanstosolvetheproblem.名词做主语第20页(1)work与workswork表示“工作”,不可数名词,谓语动词永远用单数。work表示“作品”,可数名词,谓语动词用单数;复数形式是works,谓语动词用复数。works表示“工厂”,单复数同形。谓语动词视其句子中意义而定。(2)aseriesof+n和aspeciesof+n作主语,谓语动
9、词用单数。名词做主语第21页3.以s结尾由两部分组成表示衣物或者工具名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。如:glasses,shoes,boots,pants,chopsticks,scissors,socks,stockings,trousers等不过前面有“apairof”或者“pairsof”修饰时,谓语动词与pair保持一致。4.以s结尾学科作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:politics,physics,mathematics名词做主语第22页5.以s结尾海峡、山脉、群岛和表示时间、距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等复数名词作主语,常被看做整体,谓语动词用单数。Twentyyearshaspasse
10、d.Ahundredmilesisalongway.名词做主语第23页1.anumberof和thenumberofanumberof+复数名词,表示“很多”,谓语动词用复数;thenumberof+复数名词,表示“数量”,谓语动词用单数。含有修饰语名词主谓一致第24页2.some,plentyof,alotof,lotsof等既能够修饰可数名词,也能够修饰不可数名词,其谓语动词单复数依据所修饰词而定。Somepeopleworktolivewhilesomepeoplelivetowork.Alotofworkistobedonetopreparefortheconference.含有修饰语
11、名词主谓一致第25页3.主语含有quantity,谓语动词单复数看quantity.aquantityof+可数名词/不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;quantitiesof+可数名词/不可数名词,谓语动词用复数。含有修饰语名词主谓一致第26页4.mostof,therest,therestof,part,partof作主语,谓语动词应依据所修饰名词或者代词而定。Partofhisstorywasnottrue.PartoftheteachersarefromEngland.含有修饰语名词主谓一致第27页5.百分数,分数+of+名词作主语,谓语动词依据of后名词决定单复数。50%oftheland
12、isnowsuitabletogrowcrops.20%ofthepeopleobjecttothenewlaw.注意:当用“onein”或者“oneoutof”表示几分之一时,谓语动词不看of后名词,只用单数。It is reported that one in ten people suffers from lungcancer.含有修饰语名词主谓一致第28页6.“themajorityof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数。“themajority”单独作主语,谓语动词既能够用单数也能够用复数。Themajorityofboyslikefootball.Themajoritywere/w
13、asinfavoroftheproposal.含有修饰语名词主谓一致第29页7.“akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof+名词”作主语,谓语动词与of后名词保持数一致。(kind能够替换成sort,type,form)含有修饰语名词主谓一致第30页8.“morethanone+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;“more+复数名词+thanone”作主语,谓语动词用复数。Morethanonepersonwasinjuredintheaccident.Moremembersthanoneareagainsttheproposal.含有修饰语名词主谓一致第31页9.“man
14、ya+单数名词”作主语,谓语用单数。Manyastudenthasfailedintheexam.10.“oneortwo+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“a/an+单数名词+ortwo”作主语,谓语动词用单数。Oneortwodaysareenoughforthework.Adayortwoisenoughforthework.含有修饰语名词主谓一致第32页1.and问题(1)bothand作主语,谓语用复数。(2)and连接人名或者人称代词作主语,谓语动词用复数。并列结构作主语主谓一致第33页(3)两个名词共用一个冠词,用and连接,表示同一人、同一事或者同意概念,谓语用单数。Thes
15、ingerandthedanceraretoattendtheparty.Thesingeranddanceristoattendtheparty.常见表示同一概念短语:breadandbutter面包黄油ahorseandcart一套马车aknifeandfork一副刀叉acupandsaucer一套茶盘并列结构作主语主谓一致第34页(4)every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词;each+单数名词+and+each+单数名词;no+单数名词+and+no+单数名词;manya+单数名词+and+manya+单数名词谓语动词用单数并列结构作主语主谓一致第35页2.eitheror,
16、neithernor,notonlybutalso,notbut,or作主语,谓语动词采取就近标准。Neitheryounoryourmotherisright.You,he,orIamright.NotonlyhebutalsoIamright.Iseitherheoryouright?并列结构作主语主谓一致第36页3.主语后面有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,such as,rather than,besides,including,inadditionto,except等词修饰,谓语动词不受这些词影响。Iaswellasyouamtob
17、lameforbreakingthewindow.并列结构作主语主谓一致第37页第38页1.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor_askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案:B.分析:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人,但仔细区分,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面职务用and相连。这么本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。第39页2.Yournewcloth
18、esfityou,butmine_me.A.doesntfitB.dontfitC.doesntfitforD.dontfitfor答案:B.分析:依据前一分句意思,第二分句中mine指是“mynewclothes”,所以主语是复数。第40页3.Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_fromthecountrysideinourschool.A.areB.isC.wereD.was答案:B.分析:依据句意,这个男孩是学校中唯一来自农村学生,自然后面定语从句主语是单数,所以谓语动词用单数形式,又因主从句时态保持一致,故B是唯一正
19、确答案。第41页4.各地来消息都送至总办公室。【解题思绪】“消息”英语形式news即使以复数形式出现,但谓语动词须用单数形式。译文:Thenewsfromthevariousdistrictsissenttoacentraloffice.第42页5.不是他就是我要去参加学生会。【解题思绪】主语部分“不是他就是我”要用英语连词eitheror。普通来说,依据主谓一致通常采取临近标准,谓语动词应与最靠近一个主语保持一致。本句中两个主语he和I,I更靠近谓语,所以谓语动词要与I保持一致。译文:EitherheorIamtoattendthestudentsmeeting.第43页6.早睡早起使人身体健康、富有和聪明。【解题思绪】句子主语“早睡”和“早起”即使是两个动作,但在英语中通常把它们看做一个整体,尤其在成语和谚语中,所以谓语动词依然用单数形式。译文:Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.第44页第45页第46页