九年级英语上册第五单元重要知识点总结.docx

九年级英语上册第五单元重要知识点总结Unit5 What are the shirts made of?【重点短语】1. be made of 由制造2. be made in 在制造3. environmental protection 环境保护4. be famous for 以而著名5. be produced in 在生产6. be known for 以闻名7. as far as I know 据我所知8. pick by hand 手工采摘9. send for 发送10. avoid doing sth 避免做某事11. everyday things 日用品【考点详解】1. made of 由制(构)成，后接构成某物质的原料。例：This skirt is made of silk.这件裙子是用丝绸制成的。be made of/from/up of的区别(1)be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化。例：The kite is made of paper.风筝是用纸做的。(2)be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。例：The paper is made from wood.纸是木头做的。Butter is made from milk. 黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。(3)be made up of 用构成或组成的，指人、物皆可，指结构成分。例：Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班是由六个小组组成的。2. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.好像全世界的许多人都在喝中国茶。句型“It seems that”意为“看起来好像/似乎”，其中seem是连系动词，意为“似乎;好像”，句型中的it是形式主语，不能用其他代词来替代。例：It seems that he was late for the train. 看来他没赶上火车。seem的几种常见结构：(1)seem to do sth此句型可与“It seems that”转换。例：They seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they find the way to the cinema.他们似乎找到了去电影院的路了。(2)seem+形容词例：My temperature seems (to be) all right. 我的体温看上去正常了。(3)seem+名词例： That seems not a bad idea. 看上去主意不错。3. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing in factory.当茶叶成熟时，就被用手工采摘然后送到工厂加工。此句是由when 引导的时间状语从句，are picked, are sent都是一般现在时的被动结构。例：When the fruit are ready, they are picked and are sent to the market for sale.当这些水果成熟后就被摘下来并送到市场上卖掉。4. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.无论你买什么，你都可能认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。此句为由no matter +特殊疑问词引导让步状语从句。意为“无论.”，相当于whatever。例：No matter what I said to her, she still didnt believe me.无论我对她说什么，她仍然不相信我。5. find out, 查出，找到。例：The police are trying to find out where the boy got off the train.警察正在查找这个男孩是从哪下的火车。find，find out和look for都含有“寻找、找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。 find意为“找到、发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。Will you find mea pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗? look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。例：Im looking for my pen everywhere. 我正到处找我的钢笔。He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。 find out意为“找出、发现、查明”，多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。例：Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question.【重点语法】一般现在时的被动语态一. 概念理解1. 时态：在英语语言中，时态主要讨论行为动词发生的时间。如：He often helps me with my English. 他经常帮助我学英语。(help这个动作经常发生often;故用一般现在时)2. 语态：在英语语言中，语态主要讨论句子主语与行为动词的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发出者(执行者)为主动语态。如： The tall boy often hits his classmates (主语boy是谓语动词hit的发出者)。 主语是动作的接受者(承受者)为被动语态。汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成如： Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world(主语Chinese是谓语动词speak的承受者)。3. 语态与时态的关系：在任何一个英语句子中都同时存在语态和时态，他们是分析一个英语句子的两个主要元素。如： He is looking after his sister at home. (此句为现在进行时的主动语态结构) He is being looked after well by his parents. (此句为现在进行时的被动语态结构)二. 被动语态最基本的句型结构： be +及物动词过去分词说明： be 有时态，人称和数的变化。 被动语态中的谓语动词必须是及物动词;因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。三. 被动语态的使用1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。如：The cup was broken by Paul.四. 主动语态变被动语态的变法： 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。五. 一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are +done如：Tea is grown in Hangzhou. 杭州种植茶叶。20 20