高中生英语同义词学习难点及策略研究.pdf

鲁东大学硕士学位论文高中生英语同义词学习难点及策略研究学位类别：教育硕士专业领域：学科教学（英语）AcknowledgementsI wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to those who give me valuable help in whatever forms during the process of writing this thesis.My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to my supervisor Professor Zhang Xiaoshu,who inspires me to work on this research and offers me invaluable suggestions on designing questionnaires,synonyms test paper and providing me much help in handing out questionnaires.Without her help,I may not successfully complete the data collection.Whafs more,her spirit of pursuing innovation and precision in research work promote me to overcome difficulties which are met in this study.Without her enlightening guidance and constructive suggestions,this thesis would not be successfully finished.I am also deeply indebted to all the other teachers of S chool of Foreign Languages in Ludong University.I sincerely appreciate all of the students and English teachers in senior high schools who involved in my study for completing the questionnaire,synonyms test paper and answering interview questions with patience.Their strong supports have great significance for the study.Without them,the investigation cannot be successfully completed.Last but not least,I also would like to express my sincere gratitude to my beloved parents,who are my strong backers and motive force of struggle in daily life.AbstractThe openness and inclusiveness of English language greatly enrich English vocabulary,and also vocabulary is the basis of language learning.There are a number of synonyms which account for about 60%of total English vocabulary.Understanding and distinguishing the nuances of synonyms have become difficulties in English learning.This is especially true of senior high school students who are under great pressure to pursue their studies.Only by fully understanding and skillfully learning English synonyms can make students further to improve their ability which utilize English language comprehensively and effectively.Thus in this way,students can meet the requirements of comprehensive instruction of key competences of English.Although quite a few scholars have studied the situation and strategies of college English synonymous learning,and they have made some achievements in recent years.But the majorities of their study participants are college students,and rarely involve senior high school students.Based on this,this thesis will study the reasons which result in English synonyms learning difficulties for senior high school students.And at the same time the author hopes to provide some constructive suggestions on English synonyms learning and teaching.Through qualitative and quantitative study,114 students and 4 English teachers from a high school in Yantai are selected as the research participants.All 114 students are chosen to do the English synonyms test paper and questionnaire,and at the same time an interview is conducted with four English teachers.Under the guidance of schema theory and second language vocabulary acquisition,this paper will conduct a study on difficulties of English synonyms learning for senior high school students and its countermeasures.The main research questions are as follows:(1)What are the problems in the process of English synonyms learning for senior high school students?(2)What are the factors that affect English synonyms acquisition for senior high school students?(3)What are the countermeasures of synonyms learning difficulties for senior high school students?The causes of difficulties about English synonyms learning for students are further revealed according to the analysis of questionnaires,English synonyms test papers and teachers5 interview.First,the inner differences of English synonyms are intrinsic factors which influence synonymous learning for senior high school students.S econdly,students lack effective learning strategies when they acquire synonyms and they are influenced by negative transfer of Chinese thinking.Thirdly,English teachers lack comprehensive synonyms teaching in classroom.Last but not least,there are shortage of effective synonyms learning and teaching aids.Therefore,based on the reasons of English synonyms learning difficulties for high school students,this paper puts forward to some suggestions that should be poured attention into English synonyms learning and teaching.From the perspective of students,high school students should use contextual and cultural strategies actively,and reflect in the process of synonyms learning timely.From the teachers point of view,English teachers should explain synonyms comprehensively.At the same time,teachers should use a variety of teaching strategies and methods to create a good learning environment for students,and teachers should guide students to use some learning strategies actively during learning synonyms.From the perspective of synonyms learning resources,the synonymous learning resources should be expanded and the corpus should be used as an auxiliary tool for students.The author holds that it is very meaningful to study the causes of English synonyms learning difficulties for senior high school students.Thus,the study can provide some effective suggestions for teachers and students to improve the efficiency of English synonyms teaching and learning,and promote the overall development of senior high school students.Key words:senior high school students;English synonyms;problems;reasons for learning difficulties;countermeasures11摘要英语语言的开放性与包容性极大地丰富了英语词汇，而词汇是语言学习的基 础。数量庞大的英语词汇中包含着大量的英语同义词，这些词汇约占英语词汇总 量的60虬了解与区分同义词间细微的差别，正确地使用英语同义词已经成为英语 语言学习的一个难点，对于面对巨大升学压力的高中生来说更是如此。只有切实 的让学生掌握与熟练的运用英语同义词，才能进一步提高高中生语言综合运用能 力，切实满足英语学科核心素养的育人要求。虽然近年来许多学者从大学英语同 义词学习现状、学习策略等方面进行了研究并取得了一定的成果，但是他们的研 究对象基本上都是大学生，针对高中生英语同义词学习的研究很少。正基于此，本文将对高中生英语同义词学习困难原因进行研究，以期能够为高中英语同义词 学习与教学提出有建设性的建议。本文通过定性和定量分析的研究方法，选取烟台市某普通高中高二年级H4 名学生和4为英语教师作为研究对象。笔者对H4名学生进行英语同义词测试和 问卷调查，同时对该年级英语教研组的4位英语老师进行访谈。在图式理论与第 二语言词汇习得理论的指导下展开关于高中阶段英语同义词学习困难与对策的研 究。研究问题主要包括：（1）高中生在英语同义词学习方面存在哪些问题？（2）高中生英语同义词学习的困难原因是什么？（3）解决高中生英语同义词学习困难 的对策是什么？本文根据问卷调查和同义词试卷的数据研究以及教师访谈的分析，进一步揭 示了高中生同义词学习困难的原因。首先，英语同义词内部的特征差异是影响高 中生同义词习得的内在因素。第二，学生缺乏有效的同义词学习策略以及母语负 迁移的影响。第三，英语教师课堂同义词教学不够全面。最后，缺乏有效的同义 词学习和教学的辅助工具。因此本文基于高中生英语同义词学习困难的原因出发，提出了关于英语同义词学习和教学的建议。从学生的角度：高中生在英语同义词 学习过程中要积极使用语境策略和文化策略及时总结和反思。从教师的角度：英 语教师在英语同义词的教学过程中应该细致地讲解同义词，不能厚此薄彼。同时，教师应该积极使用多种教学策略和方法为学生创设良好的学习环境，引导学生在 111同义词学习过程中积极地使用同义词学习策略。从同义词学习资源的角度:学生和 教师应该扩展同义词学习资源，将语料库作为同义词学习的一种辅助工具。笔者 认为研究高中生英语同义词学习困难原因是十分有意义的。通过对英语同义词学 习困难原因以及对策的研究可以为教师和学生提供有效的建议。同时提高英语同 义词教和学的效率，从而促进高中生的全面发展。关键词：高中生；英语同义词；问题；学习困难原因；对策ivContentsAbstract.摘要.iiiContents.IChapter On e Introduction.11.1 Research Background.11.2 Purpose and S ignificance of Research.31.3 Layout of Thesis.4Chapter Tw o Literature Review.62.1 English S ynonyms.62.1.1 Definition of English S ynonyms.62.1.2 Classifications of English S ynonyms.72.2 Theoretical Framework.82.2.1 S econd Language Vocabulary Acquisition.82.2.2 S chema Theory.102.3 Previous S tudies of English S ynonyms.142.3.1 Previous S tudies of English S ynonyms Abroad.142.3.2 Previous S tudies of English S ynonyms at Home.162.3.3 Limitation of Previous S tudy.18Chapter Th ree Research Methodology.203.1 Research Questions.203.2 Research Participants.203.3 Research Methods.213.3.1 Questionnaire.213.3.2 Test Paper.243.3.3 Interview.253.4 Data Collection.26IChapter Fo ur Results and Discussion.274.1 Data Description and Discussion of Test Papers.274.1.1 Analysis of Emotional Differences of S ynonyms.284.1.2 Analysis of S ynonymous Register Differences.294.1.3 Analysis of S ynonymous Collocation Differences.314.1.4.Analysis of Cultural Differences of S ynonyms.334.1.5 Analysis of S emantic Differences of S ynonyms.344.2 Data Description and Discussion of Questionnaires.364.2.1 Teachers5 Attitude and S trategies toward Teaching English S ynonyms.384.2.2 S tudents5 Habits and S trategies of English S ynonyms Learning.394.2.3 Influences of English S ynonymous Dictionaries and English Textbooks for S ynonyms Learning.414.2.4 Influences of Chinese Thinking and Culture Differences for Learning S ynonyms.424.3 Analysis Causes of English S ynonyms Learning Difficulties for S enior High S chool S tudents.444.3.1 Differences of English S ynonyms.444.3.2 Lack of Effective Learning S trategies and Negative Transfer of Chinese Thinking.464.3.3 Lack of Comprehensive S ynonyms Teaching in the Class.484.3.4 Lack of Effective S ynonyms Learning and Teaching Aids.48Chapter Fi ve Conclusion.505.1 Major Findings.505.2 Implications of the S tudy.525.2.1 Inspirations of English S ynonyms Learning for S tudents.535.2.2 Inspirations of English S ynonyms Teaching for Teachers.545.2.3 Expanding English S ynonyms Learning Resources.555.3 Limitations of the S tudy and the S uggestions for Future S tudy.56References 57IIAppendix I Students5 Questionnaire.61Appendix II Synonyms Test paper.64Appendix III Teachers Interview Outline.67Appendix III Transcripts of theTeachers,Interview.68About the Author.74III鲁东大学硕士学位论文Chapter One IntroductionThis chapter briefly introduces the research background,the purpose and significance as well as layout of the thesis.1.1 Research BackgroundVocabulary as one of three basic elements of language,it runs through the whole process of language learning,and carries the histories and cultures of a nation.It occupies a crucial position in English language learning.As we all know,the richness of English vocabulary determines learners English level to a certain extent whatever is about input or output ability.We can also see vocabulary acquisition as a stepping stone to the success of language learning.In the complicated and large English vocabulary system,English synonyms are one of the most essential reasons that greatly enrich the amount of English vocabulary.They promote the development and the diversity of English language vocabulary.The diversity and inclusiveness make English language contain a large number of synonyms.The existence of synonyms makes English language more delicate and rich,but it also increases the difficulties of language learning.S ynonyms can be segmented into absolute synonyms and relative synonyms,but the absolute synonyms make up a tiny proportion of the English vocabulary system,and the majority of them are relative synonyms.In synonymous relations,synonyms are most only partially identical.Derrida even claimed that the same word repetition is ambiguous.It also demonstrates that two words or phrases have exactly the same connotative meaning or denotative meaning,and even they can totally replace each other in the context,which is extremely rare.S o this thesis mainly discusses relative synonyms.Also the existence of synonyms has always been a difficult point in English 1高中生英语同义词学习难点及策略研究teaching and learning.When person masters about 3,000 English words he will encounter an arm of synonyms.The much more English vocabulary he leams,the much more confusions he will meet.The huge amount of synonyms leads to some difficulties which students and teachers need to be faced in the process of English learning and teaching.For students,with the gradual deepening of learning,it is very obviously that the level of commanding synonyms directly affects their output quality of language.However,due to the miraculous of synonyms,the lack of target language environments,the difference of cultural background and the difference of personal knowledge learning ability,these factors will cause synonyms learning difficulties for students.Also the discrimination and the use of English synonyms has always been a weak link for senior high school students.From above reasons we can easily realize that synonymous vocabulary acquisition has become the main obstacle to improve English language level for senior high school students.How to illustrate English synonyms to senior high school students is also a difficult point for the instructors in the teaching process.For teachers,the teaching of vocabulary is not only simple to impart Chinese meaning or collocation,and it needs to let students understand the application of vocabulary in the context.In addition,English Curriculum Standards(2011)promulgated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China in 2017 put forward higher requirements to learn English for students.The senior high school students are required to clearly and consistently convey information and express their thinking with English by new curriculum standards,also at the same time the English writing ability should be improved.Therefore students need to learn more synonyms in order to fertilize their expression in spoken English.Whether it aims to improve the efficiency of vocabulary learning,or to improve students speaking and writing ability,it is necessary to find out the factors that hinder the students1 synonyms acquisition.Thus,students confidents of learning English synonyms will be elevated and some targeted teaching of synonyms can be carried out in time by educators.These reasons contribute the author to choose this issue as the topic of this thesis.And at the same time,the author hopes that some effective learning and teaching strategies can be offered for students and teachers in 2鲁东大学硕士学位论文order to improve the efficiency of English synonyms learning and teaching.1.2 Purpose and Significance of ResearchWith the deeply learning,senior high school students will encounter an enormous amount of English synonyms.Whether in reading,listening and in other input learning activities or in the output learning activities,they are faced with the problems of the discrimination and selection of synonyms in writing and oral communication.After one years transition from junior high school to senior high school,Grade two students have formed their own attitudes and strategies toward English synonyms learning.However,students will also have some doubts and questions during this learning process.This will have an impact on students5 English synonyms learning to a certain extent.Therefore the purpose of this paper will be divided into as follow parts:For students,learning English synonyms is a difficult point.Thus this paper devotes to find out the reasons that hinder senior high school students English synonyms learning,improve the efficiency of English synonymous learning,and stimulate students interest in English learning.For high school English teachers,teaching English synonyms is also a key and crucial point.How to impart the synonyms internal and complicated differences including the differences of stylistic and emotional,semantic,collocations,and cultural background is an important project.It is also a difficult teaching point to enable students to use English synonyms flexibly,and use or speak English in a totally idiomatic way as native speakers do.And at the same time teachers need help improve students comprehensive ability to use the language.How to make senior high school English teachers vividly and interestingly explain E