过去分词作定语表语和宾补.ppt

过去分词作定语表语和宾补【探究【探究寻规寻规】用所用所给动词给动词的正确形式填空的正确形式填空,并指出其在句中所作的成分。并指出其在句中所作的成分。The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas _(accept)unless they are truly novel.()So Alexander became_(interest)in helping deaf people communicate and in deaf education.()The _(fall)leaves covered the whole road.()accepted interestedfallen作作宾语补宾语补足足语语作表作表语语作定作定语语【语语法精点】法精点】一、基一、基础础点点拨拨过过去去分分词词(the past participle)是是非非谓谓语语动动词词的的一一种种重重要要形形式式。过过去去分分词词除除了了和和助助动动词词be/have/had等等连连用用之之外外,还还具具有有形形容容词词和副和副词词的的词词性性,故可在句中作定故可在句中作定语语、表、表语语和和宾语补宾语补足足语语等。等。功能功能说说明明作定作定语语及物及物动词动词的的过过去分去分词词作定作定语语表示被表示被动动和完成和完成不及物不及物动词动词的的过过去分去分词词作定作定语语表示完成表示完成作表作表语语表示主表示主语语的心理状的心理状态态或感受或感受作作宾语宾语补补足足语语一般在感官一般在感官动词动词、使役、使役动词动词或介或介词词后作后作宾语补宾语补足足语语,表表示示动动作的被作的被动动和完成和完成 The broken window will be replaced soon.破破损损的窗的窗户户很快就会被很快就会被换换掉。掉。There are some faded flowers on the table.桌子上有一些凋桌子上有一些凋谢谢的花。的花。She looked disappointed at the bad news.听到听到这这个坏消息她看上去很失望。个坏消息她看上去很失望。I heard my name called when I was walking in the street.我在街上走我在街上走时时,听到有人叫我的名字。听到有人叫我的名字。He told me he had his house repaired.他告他告诉诉我他的房子修好了。我他的房子修好了。【名名师师点点津津】(1)过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时,如如果果过过去去分分词词是是单单个个词词,一般放在名一般放在名词词前前,如果是如果是过过去分去分词词短短语语,要放在名要放在名词词后。后。(2)过过去去分分词词作作表表语语与与被被动动语语态态的的区区别别:过过去去分分词词作作表表语语表表示示主主语语的状的状态态,而被而被动语态则动语态则表示表示动动作。作。He is a teacher respected by all his students.他是一个受他所有的学生尊敬的老他是一个受他所有的学生尊敬的老师师。The window is broken.窗窗户户破了。破了。(过过去分去分词词作表作表语语表状表状态态)The window was broken by Tom.窗窗户户被被汤汤姆打破了。姆打破了。(被被动语态动语态强强调动调动作作)二、二、难难点突破点突破 1.have sth.done结结构的三种不同含构的三种不同含义义。(1)表示表示“请请/让让/叫叫别别人人(为为自己做某事自己做某事)”的意思。的意思。The patient is going to have his temperature taken.这这个病人准个病人准备请备请/叫叫/让让人量他的体温。人量他的体温。(2)表表示示“遭遭遇遇某某种种(不不幸幸)事事情情”,不不说说明明“谁谁使使(宾宾语语)遭遭遇遇某某事事”。He had his leg broken.他把腿摔断了。他把腿摔断了。(3)表表示示“完完成成某某事事”的的意意思思,这这些些事事可可以以是是别别人人完完成成的的,也也可以是自己参与完成的。可以是自己参与完成的。He had his computer repaired.他的他的电脑电脑修好了。修好了。2.“with+宾语宾语+过过去分去分词词”结结构。构。在在“with+宾宾语语+过过去去分分词词”结结构构中中,过过去去分分词词用用作作宾宾语语补补足足语语。此此时时过过去去分分词词与与句句子子的的主主语语没没有有逻逻辑辑关关系系,在在句句中中通通常常作作时间时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语语。He stood for an instant with his hand raised.(伴随状伴随状语语)他他举举着手站了一会儿。着手站了一会儿。The thief was forced into the police station with his hands tied back.(方式状方式状语语)这这个个贼贼被双手捆被双手捆绑绑在背后在背后带进带进了派出所。了派出所。With my homework finished,I went fishing with my father.(时间时间状状语语)做完家庭作做完家庭作业业后后,我和爸爸去我和爸爸去钓鱼钓鱼了。了。With everything considered,his plan is better than yours.(条件状条件状语语)全面考全面考虑虑的的话话,他的他的计计划要比你的好。划要比你的好。3.“make+宾宾语语+过过去去分分词词”,在在这这种种结结构构中中,过过去去分分词词的的动动词词必必须须是表示是表示结结果含果含义义的的,如如understand,hear,see,know。They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.他他们设们设法用非常法用非常简单简单的英的英语让别语让别人理解他人理解他们们。I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高嗓我提高嗓门让别门让别人听人听见见我。我。【高考体【高考体验验】过过去分去分词词解解题题四步曲四步曲1.分清用分清用谓语动词还谓语动词还是用非是用非谓语动词谓语动词;2.明确非明确非谓语动词谓语动词与其与其逻辑逻辑主主语语或或宾语宾语之之间间的关系的关系,确定使用何种非确定使用何种非谓语动词谓语动词;3.确定确定该该非非谓语动词谓语动词的的时态时态和和语态语态;4.作出正确作出正确选择选择。1.(2013北北京京高高考考)When we saw the roadwith snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.A.blockB.to blockC.blocking D.blocked解题关键解题关键:空格处在句子中的作用空格处在句子中的作用思思路路分分析析:选选D。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意:当当我我们们看看到到道道路路被被雪雪阻阻断断了了时时,我我们们决决定定在在家家度度假假。road和和block之之间间是是被被动动关关系系,故用故用block的过去分词作宾语补足语。的过去分词作宾语补足语。2.(2012浙浙江江高高考考)“Its such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the tablefor customers.A.to be reserved B.having reservedC.reserving D.reserved解题关键解题关键:正确理解正确理解the table与与reserve之间的逻辑关系之间的逻辑关系思思路路分分析析:选选D。句句意意:当当母母亲亲坐坐在在为为顾顾客客预预留留的的桌桌子子旁旁时时,她她说说“这这个个地地方方真真好好”。此此处处考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词作作定定语语,table和和reserve之之间间是是被被动动关关系系,故故用用过过去去分分词词。to be reserved表表将将来来,having reserved不不能能作作定定语语,reserving表表主主动动进进行行,均均不不合合题题意。意。3.(2011重重庆庆高高考考)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfof his own dreams.A.reminding B.to remindC.reminded D.remind解题关键解题关键:分清分清himself与与remind之间的关系之间的关系思思路路分分析析:选选C。句句意意:迈迈克克尔尔在在床床边边挂挂了了一一幅幅姚姚明明的的照照片片以以便便提提醒醒自自己己记记得得自自己己的的梦梦想想。keep+宾宾语语+宾宾语语补补足足语语(使使处处于于某某种种状状态态),由由remind sb.of.(使使某某人人想想起起某某事事或或提提醒醒某某人人某某事事)可可知知himself与与remind之之间间是是逻逻辑辑上上的的动动宾宾关关系系也也就就是是被被动动关关系系,故故选选C。现现在在分分词词reminding表表示示和和宾宾语语之之间间是是逻逻辑辑上上的的主主动动关关系系;to remind为为不不定定式式的的主主动动形形式式,表表将将来来,remind是动词原形是动词原形,在句中作谓语在句中作谓语,不能作定语。不能作定语。4.(2011浙浙江江高高考考)Even the best writers sometimes find themselvesfor words.A.lose B.lostC.to lose D.having lost思思路路分分析析:选选B。句句意意:即即便便是是最最优优秀秀的的作作家家有有时时也也会会发发现现他他们们难难以以用用文文字字来来表表达达自自己己。“find oneself+done”表表示示“感感到到自自己己被被”,由由于于空空格格处处和和themselves之之间间有有逻逻辑辑上上的的动动宾宾关关系系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。5.(2011陕陕西西高高考考)Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.A.check B.checkingC.to check D.checked思思路路分分析析:选选D。句句意意:在在飞飞机机起起飞飞前前一一小小时时,克克莱莱尔尔让让她她的的行行李李接接受受了了检检查查。“have sth.done”结结构构意意为为“某某事事/某某物物被被做做”。由由于于名名词词luggage与与动动词词check之之间间为为动动宾宾关关系系,故故用用过过去去分分词词checked作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,故选故选D。6.(2011湖湖南南高高考考)The playersfrom the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A.selecting B.to selectC.selected D.having selected解题关键解题关键:弄清弄清select在句中的作用是解题的关键在句中的作用是解题的关键思思路路分分析析:选选C。句句意意:这这些些从从全全国国挑挑选选出出来来的的选选手手都都被被期期待待在在这这次次夏夏季季赛赛事事中中为为我我们们带带来来荣荣誉誉。The players与与select是是动动宾关系宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语故用过去分词作后置定语,选选C。易易错错误误区区:选选项项A selecting,表表示示与与所所修修饰饰词词之之间间为为主主动动关关系系。有有些些同同学学误误选选A,认认为为select这这一一动动作作的的发发出出者者是是The players。因因此此,在在做做题题时时要要认认真真审审题题分分析析,切切勿勿马马虎虎大大意意,造造成成不不必必要要的的失分。失分。.单项单项填空填空1.(2013吉吉林林高高二二检检测测)Generally speaking,prices of daily goodsthrough the Internet are lower than store prices.A.to buyB.are boughtC.buying D.bought【解解析析】选选D。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意:总总的的来来说说,从从网网上上购购买买的的日日常常用用品品的的价价格格要要低低于于从从商商店店购购买买的的价价格格。buy和和其其逻逻辑辑主主语语goods是动宾关系是动宾关系,所以应该用过去分词表被动。所以应该用过去分词表被动。2.(2013石石家家庄庄高高二二检检测测)Childrento difficult situations are better at handling thosetasks.A.exposing;challengingB.exposed;challengedC.exposed;challengingD.exposing;challenged【解解析析】选选C。考考查查分分词词作作定定语语的的用用法法。expose.to意意思思是是:让让接接触触。children与与expose之之间间是是动动宾宾关关系系,所所以以用用过过去去分分词词作作定定语语,表表被被动动;第第二二空空后后的的tasks是是表表示示物物的的名名词词,所所以以用用challenging,意思为意思为“富有挑战的富有挑战的”。3.(2013杭杭州州高高二二检检测测)Most companies marketing effort is focused on getting customers,with little attentionto keeping them.A.paying B.to payC.paid D.having paid【解解析析】选选C。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意:大大部部分分公公司司的的营营销销工工作作以以赢赢得得顾顾客客为为中中心心,而而很很少少注注意意留留住住他他们们。本本句句的的后后半半句句是是介介词词with的的复复合合结结构构,attention和和pay之之间间是是动动宾宾关关系系,所所以以用用过去分词表示被动。过去分词表示被动。4.(2013上上海海高高二二检检测测)They will have youif you dont pay taxes,because it is everyones duty to pay taxes.A.arrest B.arrestedC.to be arrestedD.being arrested【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词的的用用法法。have sb.done中中,过过去去分分词词表表被被动动,表表示示“某某人人被被”。这这里里是是被被捕捕,所所以以选选B。而而have sb.do sth.让某人去做某事。让某人去做某事。5.(2013九九江江高高二二检检测测)I noticed my little son _the words_on his small blackboard.A.read;writingB.reading;writingC.to read;writtenD.read;written【解解析析】选选D。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词的的用用法法。句句意意:我我注注意意到到我我的的小小儿儿子子在在读读写写小小黑黑板板上上的的单单词词。notice sb.do sth.“看看见见某某人人做做某某事事”;words和和write之之间间是是被被动动的的关关系系,所所以以用用过过去去分分词词作作定定语语,修饰修饰words。故选。故选D项。项。6.(2013莱莱芜芜高高二二检检测测)Do you think you could get this parcelfor me,please Consider it done!A.to mail B.mailedC.mailing D.mail【解解析析】选选B。考考查查过过去去分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的用用法法。mail和和其其逻逻辑辑主主语语parcel之之间间是是被被动动关关系系,所所以以用用过过去去分分词词,构构成成get sth.done结结构。构。7.If Ive got nothing to share,I may leave my microblog _for weeks.A.to be touchedB.being touchedC.having untouchedD.untouched【解解析析】选选D。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词的的用用法法。句句意意:如如果果没没有有要要分分享享的的东东西西,我我可可能能好好几几个个星星期期都都不不会会打打开开我我的的微微博博。由由句句中中的的leave可知可知,应用过去分词作宾语补足语。应用过去分词作宾语补足语。8.(2013北北京京高高二二检检测测)University of Cambridge,in 1209,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B.foundingC.founded D.to be founded【解解析析】选选C。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意:剑剑桥桥大大学学,成成立立于于1209年年,是是许许多多杰杰出出人人物物的的母母校校。found与与University of Cambridge为为动动宾宾关关系系,因因此此应应该该用用过过去去分分词词短短语语作作定定语语,相相当当于于which was founded in 1209。9.At the seventh International Ballet Competitions,Fernando Bujones won the first gold medal everto an American male dancer.A.awarded B.to be awardedC.being awardedD.should be awarded【解解析析】选选A。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意:在在第第七七届届国国际际芭芭蕾蕾舞舞比比赛赛中中,Fernando Bujones获获得得了了有有史史以以来来奖奖给给美美国国男男舞舞蹈蹈演演员员的的第第一一枚枚金金牌牌。the first gold medal与与award之之间间是是被被动动关关系系,且该动作已经发生且该动作已经发生,故用过去分词短语作后置定语。故用过去分词短语作后置定语。10.The 2012 Olympic Gamesin London appealed to a lot of people across the world.A.held B.having heldC.being held D.to be held【解解析析】选选A。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意:在在伦伦敦敦举举行行的的2012年年奥奥运运会会吸吸引引了了全全世世界界的的许许多多人人。the 2012 Olympic Games与与hold之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故用过去分词作定语。11.You may beif you have a(n)problem.A.exciting;excited B.excited;excitingC.worrying;worried D.worried;worrying【解解析析】选选D。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。现现在在分分词词作作表表语语,多多表表示示主主语语所所具具有有的的特特征征或或性性质质,意意为为“令令人人的的”;过过去去分分词词作作表表语语多表示主语的状态。由语境可知答案为多表示主语的状态。由语境可知答案为D。12.(2013南南阳阳高高二二检检测测)The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyeson the wall.A.fixing B.fixedC.to be fixing D.to be fixed【解解析析】选选B。考考查查with的的复复合合结结构构。her eyes和和fix之之间间构构成成被动关系被动关系,故使用故使用fix的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。13.Mary,I finally had some pictures from the camping tripand brought them to you since you lost your camera in the trip.A.printB.printedC.printingD.to print【解解析析】选选B。考考查查have sth.done结结构构。分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知pictures与与print之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。故选故用过去分词。故选B。14.The brave soldiers were determined to save all the peoplein the field.A.trapped B.being trappedC.were trappedD.trapping【解解析析】选选A。句句意意:勇勇敢敢的的士士兵兵们们决决定定要要拯拯救救所所有有的的被被困困在在矿矿区区的的人人。be trapped in困困在在,陷陷入入。trapped为为过过去去分词作定语。分词作定语。15.(2013福福州州高高二二检检测测)On AIDS Day,the minister of Health Department demanded that the problemspaid special attention to.A.referred to being B.referred to beC.refer to being D.refer to be【解解析析】选选B。句句意意:在在艾艾滋滋病病日日,卫卫生生部部长长要要求求所所提提到到的的问问题题应应该该特特别别关关注注。首首先先,referred to为为过过去去分分词词短短语语作作后后置置定定语语修修饰饰problems;其其次次,demand后后跟跟宾宾语语从从句句要要用用虚虚拟拟语语气气should do形形式式,且且should可可省省略略。因因为为该该从从句句是是被被动动语语态态,故故省略省略should后谓语部分为后谓语部分为be paid special attention to。.用适当的非用适当的非谓语动词谓语动词形式填空形式填空1.She caught the student _(cheat)in exams.2.The books _(write)by Mo Yan are popular.3.When I got there,I found the farm tools _(repair).4.The United States is a _(develop)country.5.He worked so hard that he got his pay _(raise).6.Everyone present is very _(inspire)at his speech.7._(compare)with the old one,the new building looks more beautiful.cheatingwrittenrepaireddevelopedraisedinspiredCompared8.The workers had the machines _(run)all night long to finish the work on time.9.People in the south have their houses _(make)of bamboo.10.Have you noticed the bridge _(build)there runningmadebeing builtThank You世界触手可及世界触手可及携手共携手共进，齐创精品工程精品工程医学资料仅供参考,用药方面谨遵医嘱