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英语音标概述英语音标概述主讲人：顾伟主讲人：顾伟第1页一 英语国际音标概述单元音前元音/i:/i/e/中元音/:/后元音/:/:/u:/u/双元音合口双元音/ei/u/ai/au/i/集中双元音/i/e/u/第2页爆破音摩擦音破擦音鼻音舌侧音半元音双唇音/p/b/m/w/唇齿音/f/v/舌齿音/齿龈音/t/d/s/z/ts/dz/n/l/齿龈后音/r/tr/dr/舌面硬腭齿龈音/d/t/舌面硬腭音/j/舌根软腭音/k/g/声门音/h/第3页二 英语元音前元音 /i:/：舌前端抬高，轻抵下齿，双唇扁平，口腔近于合，声带有滑动。/i/：舌中部轻轻上抬，舌尖抵下齿，舌位比/i:/稍低，稍后；口型扁平，比/i:/稍大，口开约三分之一，发音短促。/e/：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，牙床半合，上下齿间可容一食指，唇形稍扁，发音短促。/：舌尖抵下齿，舍身低平，发音时口要张大，口开约三分之二，上下齿间可容纳食指。第4页注意易混音标/i:/和/ei/，/e/和/ei/A friend in need is a friend indeed.Will you be so good as to give me a lift?A flea and a fly were trapped/trpt/in a flue/flu:/,and they tried to flee for their life.The flea said to the fly“lets flea!”and the fly said to the flea“lets fly!”finally both the flea and the fly managed to flee through a flaw/fl:/in the flue.第5页East or west,home is best.Handsome/hnsm/is as handsome does.A happy black rabbitA pleasant peasant keeps a pleasant pheasant/feznt/and both the peasant and the pheasant are having a pleasant time together.第6页中元音/：口腔打开，舌中部稍抬，唇形稍扁，发音短促。/:/：舌中部稍隆起，口开约二分之一，唇形扁，发长音。/：舌身平放，口腔肌肉放松，唇形自然张开，发短音。第7页The early bird catches the worm/w:m/.Birds of a feather flock together.A skunk/skk/sat on a stump/stmp/.The skunk thought the stump stunk/stk/,and the stump thought the skunk stunk.第8页后元音/:/：口张大，舌身低平，舌后发音，发音时要中气十足，圆润饱满。/：口张大，舌身平放，双唇稍稍收圆，发音短促。/:/：舌根部隆起，双唇收圆略向前突，声带滑动。/u:/：舌根部隆起，双唇收圆收小并向前突出，口腔肌肉保持担心，发长音。/u/：舌位比/u:/稍低，口型比/u:/稍大，口腔肌肉放松，发音短促。第9页We have a lot of things to talk about.He laughs best who laughs last.Its all your fault.Dont push and pull,its made of the wool.I would if I could.第10页合口双元音/ei/u/ai/au/i/：发双元音时，口型由前一单元音向后一单元音滑动，前重后轻，前长后短。第11页注意易混音标/和/ei/No pain,no gain.I always do it again.Haste makes waste.He saved a cat.第12页注意易混音标/u/，/au/和/As you sow,you will mow.I know what you know.Dont keep the horse in the house.How about going downtown,now?第13页注意易混音标/ai/和/e/Strike while the iron/ain/is hot.Time and tide wait for no man.The worm bites beds.The title is about the battle in a castle/k:sl/.第14页Come and enjoy the oystersDont spoil roy by giving him too many toys.I have an appointment right now.You should be loyal/lil/to your nation.第15页集中双元音/i/e/u/：舌头由前元音或后元音向中元音滑动。第16页注意不要省略/前面元音。We are near the end of the year.Where there is a will,there is a way.What do you usually/ju:li/do in your holiday?Things are clear and you dont need to fear/fi/.第17页三 英语辅音爆破辅音双唇爆破音/p/b/：双唇紧闭，憋住气流，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔形成爆破音。/p/为清辅音，送气声带不振动；/b/为浊辅音，不送气声带振动。第18页注意和汉语拼音p,b区分Pride and prejudiceYou can practise after superBasketball is a popular sport in China.I beg your pardon.He found a job in a pub.第19页舌尖齿龈爆破音/t/d/：舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋气，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，形成爆破音。/t/为清辅音，/d/为浊辅音。第20页注意和汉语拼音t,d区分dont shed crocodile/krkdail/tears.Dont waste time chatting.But he is not good.Did david dance all day until dark?第21页舌根软腭爆破音/k/g/：软腭抬起，堵住鼻腔通道，舌后部同时隆起紧贴软腭，憋气，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/为清辅音，/g/为浊辅音。第22页注意和汉语拼音k,g区分A good beginning makes for a good ending.He is not a great guy.Cut your coat according to your cloth.Keep off the green grass.第23页爆破音特殊情况：1 清辅音浊化：当爆破音/p/t/k/前面有摩擦音，后面紧跟元音时，要改为不送气音。当爆破音/p/t/k/是音节尾音或是非重读音节时，微弱送气。比如：speak,school,stupid,stop keep,let,make,bump,peep第24页2 不完全爆破或失去爆破 两个不一样爆破音相连，第一个音不完 全爆破或失去爆破。两个相同或发音部位相同爆破音相连，发音要领为一次成阻一次除阻，持阻时间延长，为一个爆破音持阻时间两倍。三个爆破音相连，第二个爆破音完全丢失，剩下按两个爆破音相连方法发音。第25页Act,kept,football,goodbye Big girl,fast train,great dayAct blindly,locked car第26页摩擦辅音唇齿摩擦音/f/v/：下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间缝隙间穿过，摩擦成音。/f/发音时送气强，但声带不振动；/v/发音时声带振动，但气流弱。第27页注意易混音标/w/和/v/He did it very well.The detective/ditektiv/found various/vris/photos in the file.The vote was positive,not negative/netiv/.Virtue/v:tju:/of virgin/v:din/was valued very much.第28页舌尖齿背摩擦音/：舌尖轻触上齿下边缘，气流从舌齿间小缝隙穿出，摩擦成音。/为清辅音，/为浊辅音。第29页注意易混音标/和/s/z/My brother would rather wander/wnd/on the street than go home.Together we went through thick and thin.Thank the other three brothers of their fathers mothers brothers side.This is his sixth birthday.第30页舌尖齿龈摩擦音/s/z/：舌前端靠近上齿龈，但不接触，上下齿靠拢，但不咬住，气流由舌端与上齿齿龈穿出，摩擦成音。/s/为清辅音，/z/为浊辅音。第31页The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.These/i:z/boys made a lot of noise/niz/,their cries could be heard for miles.He washed his clothes a thousand times.第32页舌面齿龈后部摩擦音/：舌前端抬起靠近上齿龈后部但不贴住，舌身两侧紧贴上颚，中间形成一条狭长通道，气流经过舌端与上齿龈后部时摩擦成音。双唇稍向前突。/是清辅音，/是浊辅音。第33页注意易混音标/和/s/Shoulder to shoulder She sells seashells on the sea shore.The shells she sells are surely seashells.So if she sells shells on the seashore,Im sure she sells seashore shells.Measure/me/for measure 第34页声门摩擦音/h/：声门张开，气流不受妨碍自由逸出口腔，声带不振动，只在经过声门时形成轻微摩擦，口型随即面元音改变。为清辅音。第35页A cold hand and a warm heart.There is a hole behind the bed.He is holding a hat in his hand.第36页舌尖齿龈后部摩擦音/r/：舌头卷起靠近上齿龈后部，舌两段收拢轻触上齿龈，双唇稍突出并收圆，气流由舌尖与硬腭间逸出，为浊辅音。第37页Sorry,Im in a hurry.Real weird/wid/rear/ri/wheels.第38页破擦辅音舌面前齿龈后音/d/t/：舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈后部形成妨碍。发/动作时解除妨碍，气流经过发出破擦音/d/t/。/t/为清辅音，/d/为浊辅音。第39页注意/d/不要与拼音/j/混同Great changes have taken place in China.Jenny had chicken and French fries for lunch.Just think about the judge/dd/.第40页鼻音辅音/m/：双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔逸出，为浊辅音。/n/：舌尖紧贴上齿龈形成妨碍，软腭下垂，气流由鼻腔逸出，为浊辅音。/：舌根抬起贴住软腭，发音时软腭下垂，打开鼻腔通道，气流由鼻腔逸出，为浊辅音。第41页My mother remembers when man first landed on the moon.Your singing and dancing are charming.From morning till evening Sam sings the same song again and again.第42页舌侧辅音/l/：出现在元音前，为清楚音，发音时舌头向硬腭抬起，舌前端紧贴上齿龈，气流从舌一侧或两侧逸出，发音清楚，声带振动，为浊辅音。出现在辅音前或词末时，为含糊音。发音时，舌尖抵上齿，舌面形成凹槽，舌后部上抬，气流从舌一侧或两侧逸出，并在凹槽中产生共鸣，发音响亮，为浊辅音。第43页Live and learn.A little pill may well cure a great ill.Let sleeping dogs lie.Lily ladles/leidl/little Lettys lentil/lentil/soup.第44页半元音双唇音/w/：舌后部向硬腭抬高，双唇与/u:/相同，收圆，收小并稍向前突出，发音短促，已经发出立刻向后面元音滑动，为浊辅音。舌面硬腭音/j/：舌前面向硬腭高高抬起，口型与/i:/相同，双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形，声带振动，发音短促，已经发出马上向后面元音滑动，为浊辅音。第45页While we were walking,we were watching a window washer wash Washingtons windows with warm washing water.He keeps working year after year.No sweet without sweat.第46页辅音连缀首辅音连缀/tr/:软腭抬起，舌尖抵上齿龈后部形成妨碍，发音时舌尖以发/r/音动作解除妨碍，使爆破清辅音/t/r/几乎同时发出。/dr/:软腭抬起第47页I saw a lot of treasure in my dream.There are several hundred people on the train.The driver bumped into a tree.第48页尾辅音连缀/ts/:舌尖贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔。/dz/:舌尖贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔。第49页Its raining cats and dogs.Old frineds and old wine are best.I m going to visit my parents for the holidays.第50页四 连读1 同一意群中，前词尾辅音和后词首元音能够连读。比如：first of all some of us put it on look at it in an hour not at all ran out 第51页2 同一意群中，前词尾辅音和后词首辅音能够连读。比如：hot bath good night one more next day a good deal 第52页3 同一意群中相邻两词，前词尾音是/:/:/:/i/e/u/并以字母r或re 结尾，后词以元音开头，字母r或re发/r/音并与后面连读。比如：far away here and there take care of 注：不在同一意群不能连读。第53页五 句重读实词重读；指示代词，不定代词，起强调作用反身代词，名词性物主代词重读；虚词弱读Her skirt is black and white.My second brother is a pilot.She sings well.Whose car can it be?What would you like to drink?第54页特殊情况：实义动词重复出现不重读。倒装实义动词不重读。强调动词do后面实义动词不重读。第55页比如：Think as I think.We do believe him.After winter comes spring.第56页依据所表示意思选择重读比如：I wonder if she will ask me in advance.第57页六 强弱读1 长元音变短元音(be/me/to/you)2 元音变/3 省略元音（is/have/will/not)4 省略辅音（has/he/must/shall)第58页常见单词弱读：Be/bi:/-/bi/Is/iz/-/z/s/Am/m/-/m/are/:/-/to/tu:/-/tu/,辅音前弱/t/your/j:/-/j/have/hv/-/hv/,/v/,/v/will/wil/-/l/第59页We have been waiting for you all night.What is the time?I have seen it.They will go there.Noone allows you to go to the office.第60页相关参考资料：实用英语语音学（北京师范大学出版社）英语国际音标教程（中国对外翻译出版企业）第61页
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