深圳牛津版初中英语语法教案设计大全.pdf

实用文案名词（-）概述名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们 可以是：人的名字 Li Ming,To m 地方名称 China,Lo ndo n 职业称呼teacher,do cto r物品名称 pencil,dictio nary 行为名称 study,inventio n 抽象概念 histo ry,grammar（二）普通名词和专有名词1.普通名词凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词，都属于普通名词。这类 名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型：1）个体名词个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物，例如：He has two aunts.Mo st classroo ms have co mputers.也可指抽象东西，例如：W8 ve lived here fo r twenty years.I had a dream last night个体名词有复数形式，如：weeks,pro blems;单数形式可以和a/an连用，如：a week,a pro blem,an o ld man.2）集体名词集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，下面是一些常见的集体名词：family（家，家庭）army（军队）co mpany（公司；全体船员）enemy（敌人）go vernment（政府）gro up（小组，团体）public（公众）team（队；组）po lice（警方）集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。一般说来，视为整体时作单数看待，作单数看待作复数看待His family isnt large.他家人不多。The go vernment is planning to build a dam here.政府打算在这里建一座水坝。The public was unlikely to suppo rt it.公众支持它的可能性不大。His family are all music lo vers.他家的人都喜欢音乐。The go vernment are discussing the plan.政府在讨论这个计划。The public were deceived by the newspaper.公众受到报纸的蒙骗。想到它的成员时作复数看待：有的集体名词通常用作单数，例如：Our co mpany is sending him to wo rk in Berlin.有的集体名词多作复数看待。The po lice are lo o king fo r him.文案大全实用文案3）物质名词物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，我们学过的常见的物质名词有：beer,clo th,co al,co ffee,co ke,co tto n,ice,ink,jam,juice,meat,medicine,metal,milk,o il paper,rain,salad,salt,sand,sno w,so up,steel,sugar,tea,water,wine,wo o d,wo o l 等。一般说来，物质名词是不可数折，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：a.有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”，“一杯”：Tree beers,please.A cho co late ice-cream fo r me.b.有此物质名词可作可数名词,表示“一种”：It was a special tea which tasted o f o range blo sso ms,这是种特另U的茶，有桔子花叶。It was a delicio us wine.c.个别物质名词可用于复数形式或有特殊意义:It was no w the time o f the spring rains.Here are the sno ws o f last year.d.抽象名词抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念，一般不可数，因此没有复形，前面也一般不加不 定冠词a/ano常见的抽象名词有：age,anger,beauty,childho o d,death,duty,fear,fun,happiness,health,help,histo ry,industry,jo y,labo ur,lo ve,luck,music,nature,peace,pleasure,po wer,safety,silence,sleep,time,training,travel,trust,truth,waste,weather,wo rk,wo rth,yo uth 等。在多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。例如：safety first!It s wo nderful weather.但有时也加定冠词the,或不定冠词a/an.例如：I shall never fo rget the beauty o f that lake.ThereJ s a beauty in simplicity.朴实之中有一种美。2.专有名词专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。例如:1）人名：Mary,Mrs Green,Zhanghua 2Lake3）某类人的名称：Americans,Russians 4名称：English,Chinese5）月份、周日及节日名称：May,Saturday,Easter歌的名称：Co ne with the Wind）地名：Beijing,West）某些抽象事物的6）书名、电影及诗7）对家人等的称呼：Mum,Dad,Uncle To m专有名词的第一个字母要大写。（三）可数名词和不可数名词 名词按所表示的事物的性质分为可数与不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式，不 可数名词一般没有复数形式。普通名词中的个体名词和集体名词一般是可数的，所以它们又可称为可数名词。可文案大全实用文案数名词单数往往要同不定冠词 a或an连用，复数则要使用其复数形式。例如:单数复数a co untryco untriesa classclassesa sheepsheep普通名词中的物a to matoto mato es质名词和抽象名词及专有名词一般是不可数的，这些名词又可称为不可数名词。不可数名词不能用不定冠词修饰，也不存在复数形式，如ice（冰），water（水），rice（稻子）等。在英语中个别名词既可以作不可数名词，又可以作可数名词。但由于用法不同，它 们的意思往往也不大相同，对这些名词要特别注意。作不可数名词作可数名词glass玻璃 paper纸张 time时间 wo rk消息玻璃杯；镜子；眼镜报纸；文件；考卷次数；时代单词；话语一般说来，汉语和英语对某一个名词是否可数的看法基本上是一致的。但也有不少 名词在汉语中常被用作可数名词，而在英语中却绝对是不可数名词，对这些名词也 要特另U注意，发如：fun,wo rk,advice,weather,ho mewo rk,news,mo ney,info rmatio n,bread,hair）,chalk,furniture 等。（四）可数名词复数形式的构成可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es,现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下：情况构成方法例词读音一般情况在词尾加-sdesk-*desks ma 年 maps-s在请辅音后发S音dayf days girl girls-s在元音私浊畏音后发z以 s,x,ch,sh 结 尾的词在词尾加-esbus-buses bo x bo xes watch-watches fish-*fisheses发iz音以辅音字母加y结 尾的词变y为1再加-esfamily 一families facto ry-facto ries party-parties-ies 发iz音以元音字母y结尾 的词在词尾加-sday-*days bo y-*bo ys key-*keyss发z首文案大全实用文案以f或fe结尾的 词变f或fe为v 再加-esknife-*knives life-lives wife-wives half-*halves-ves 发vz音以辅音字母加。结 尾的词在词尾加-espo tato 一po tato esto mato 一to mato es hero-hero es-es发z音以元音字母加。结 尾的词在词尾加-sradio-radio szo o-zo o s-s发z音少数以辅音字母加o结尾的名词变为复数时只加-s。如：pho to pho to s,piano 一 piano s 等。有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时也只加-s o n：handkerchief-*handkerchiefs,ro o f 一 ro o fs 等。英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的，必须把它们牢记在心。如：mart-men,wo marr wo men,Frenchman-Frenchmen,child children,to o th-teeth,fo o t f feet,go o se-*geese,mo use mice,sheep sheep,deer deer,fish-*fish 等。（五）名词的所有格在英语中，有些名词的词尾 可以加上s,用来表示所有关系，这种结构称为名词 的所有格。1.名词所有格的构成名词所有格的构成一般有以下三种情况：1）如果名词是单数，只在词尾加Sothe bo y s scho o lbag 这男孩的书包 the wo rker s sho es 这个二人的鞋2）复数名词如果以s结尾，只加（在s的右上角）即可the teachers o ffice 老师们的办公室 the students classro o m 学生们的教室3）复数名词如果不以s结尾，则在词尾加sWo meh s Day 妇女节 the Peo ple s Park 人民公园2.名词所有格的用法名词的所有格主要有以下五种用法：1）表示人成动物与其他的人、动物或事物的所有关系。He is Mary s yo unger bro ther.They are reading Lei Feng s Diaries.2）表示时间、距离、国家、城市等名词与其他事物的所有关系。Our scho o l is half an ho ur s walk fro m here.Beijing is China s capital.3）表示无生命东西的名词的所有关系，一般使用与 o f构成的短语结构。The fro nt do o r o f the ho use was painted red.There is a map o f the wo rld o n the fro nt wall o f o ur classro o m文案大全实用文案4）名词所有格后面跟地点，往往要将地点名词省略。My sister o ften go es to my uncle s.Yo u lo o k ill.Yo u d better go to the do cto r s.5）被名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提出到过，一般可以省略。I am using my dictio nary.Yo u can use To m s.Our bedro o m is much larger than Jo hn and Dick s.（六）可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达1.两种名词都有能修饰的数量词有：so me,any,plenty o f,a lo t o f,lo ts o f等。Please give me so me paper.I do n t want to bo rro w any magazines.2.用来修饰可数名词的数量词有：many,several,hundreds o f,a number o f,apair o f,a few,few 等。Yo u have made quite a few spelling mistakes in yo ur co mpo sitio n.Several days later,a gro up o f students went to help the o ld man.3.用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有：much,a great deal o f,a bit o f,a dro po f,a piece o f,quite a little,little,等。I want a piece o f red chalk.Please give her a bit o f bread.（七）名词的用法广播说一会儿雨可能会停。1.作主语 The radio says that it may sto p raining later.2.作表语例 Class 3 were the winners.三班获胜了3.4.作宾语作宾语补足语例如：I to ld him a sto ry_例如：He named her Jenny.我给他讲了个故事。他给她取名詹妮。5.作定语We are discussing the po pulatio n pro blem.我们正在讨论人口问题。6.作状语7.与介词组成词组8.作介词宾语三、随堂监测A组例如：He sat here a lo ng time.他坐在这儿很久了。I am wo rking hard o n my Chinese.我正在努力学习汉语。例如：Give the mo ney to yo ur sister.把钱给你姐I.写出下列名词的复数形式:1.ho use2.Wage3.map4.o range5.bag6.exercise7.brush8.family9.bus10.city_11.bo x_ 12.baby_13.class14.facto ry15.glass16.dictio nary17.watch18.wo man19.match20.man21.wish22.German23.to mato24.po liceman25.kilo26.human27.po tato28.Chinese29.shelf30.Japanese31.leaf32.American33.life文案大全实用文案34.to o th35.wife36.fo o t37.knife38.sheep39.half40.childIL 将下列词组译成英语：1、一群孩子2、两箱子苹果3、三篮子蔬菜4、九块面包5、十杯牛奶6、五块肉7、多种植物8、一副眼镜9、两块冰10、三张纸11、四瓶橘汁12、五杯茶13、六碗米饭14、七袋米15、八块木头16、九块金属III.写出下列各词的名词形式：1.wo rk2.teach3.sing 4.ill5.fight6.invent7.wait 8.wo o len9.win10.thankful11.fo reign 12.clo udy13.run_14.dirty_.15.visit_16.funny_17.wo o den18.medical19.o perate 20.ho t21.invite22.wo rried23.build 24.please25.help26.safe27.die 28.dangero us29.draw_30.no isy_四、随堂监测B组IV.选择填空：1.1 want to buy_A.two bo ttles o f inkB.two bo ttle o f inkC.two bo ttle o f inks D.twobo ttles o f inks2.They do n t have to do to day.A.much ho mewo rk B.many ho mewo rks C.many ho mewo rk D.much ho mewo rks3.The o f machine made us feel sick.A.vo ice B.no ise C.so und D.no ises4.The blo use is made o f.A.a wo o l B.these wo o d C.wo o ls D.wo o l5.There are three and seven in the picture.A.co ws,sheeps B.co ws,sheep C.co w,sheep D.co w,sheeps6.June 1 is.A.children s day B.children s Day C.Children s Day D.Children s day 7.ro o m is next to their parents.文案大全实用文案A.Kate,s and Jo anJ s B.Kate s and Jo an C.Kate and Jo anJ s D.Kate and Jo an8.Miss Green is a friend o f.A.Mary s mo ther s B.Mary s mo ther C.Mary mo ther s D.mo ther s o f Mary9.To m is.He will co me to see me.A.my a friend B.a friend C.mine friend D.a friend o f mine10.Sheep white and milk also white.A.is,are B.are,is C.is,is D.are,are11.1 d like to have a glass o f milk an d.A.two breads B.two pieces o fbreadsC.two pieces o f bread breadD.two piece o f12.It s a lo ng to Paris.It s two tho usand kilo meters.A.street B.ro ad C.wayend13.Many are singing o ver there.A.wo man B.wo men C.girl14.He bo ugh t.A.two pairs o f sho es sho esC.two pairs o f sho e sho eD.D.childB.two pair o fD.two pair o f15.Mr.White has th ree.A.child B.children C.childs D.childrens16.Beijing is o ne o f the biggest in the wo rld.A.citys B.city C.cityes D.cities17.Where s Mr.White?He s in.A.the ro o m 202 B.Ro o m 202 C.the Ro o m 202 D.ro o m 20218.Sho ps,ho spitals and scho o ls are all.A.places B.ho mes C.ro o ms D.buildings19.Every mo rning Mr.Smith takes a to his o ffice.A.20 minutes walks B.20 minute s walk C.20-minutes walkD.20-minute walk20.Are th ese?No,they aren t.They re.A.sheep,co ws B.sheep,co w C.sheeps,co w D.sheeps,co ws 21.There are many in the fridge.A.fish B.fruit C.eggs D.bread文案大全实用文案22.Who se ro o m is this?It s.A.Li Ming B.Li Ming s C.Li Mings D.Li Mings 23.Here are fo r yo u,Sue.A.po tato s B.so me po tato es C.three to mato s D.so me to mato24.Here are so me birthday cards with o ur best fo r her.A.wish B.ho pe C.wishes D.ho pes25.I always go to that to buy fo o d o n Sunday.A.sho p B.park C.zo o D.garden 26.What s the Chinese fo r PRC?A.中国人民解放军B.中华人民共和国C.联合国 D.中国共产党27.Sam gave Ann so me to lo o k after Po lly while he was away.A.picture-bo o ks B.inventio ns C.instructio ns D.messages28.Which o f the fo llo wing animals lives o nly in China?-Th e.A.mo nkey B.elephant C.pandaD.cat 29.ro o m is o n the 5th flo o r.A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy and Lily s C.Lucy s and Lily D.Lucy s and Lily s30.The third mo nth o f the year is.A.March B.January C.February D.April31.Mum,I m quite thirsty.Please give me.A.two o range B.two bo ttle o f o rangesC.two bo ttles o f o range D.two bo ttles o f o ranges 32.Ho w wo nderful!The is made o f.A.ho use,glass B.ho use,glasses C.ho uses,glass D.ho uses,glasses33.I met so me in the park and talked with them the o ther day.A.Janpaneses B.American C.Chineses D.English34.is the best time fo r planting trees.A.Summer B.Winter C.Spring D.Autumn35.To mwas badly hurt in the match.They carried him to the as quickly as po ssible.A.bank B.po st o ffice C.sho p D.ho spital36.There are two in the ro o m.A.shelf B.shelfs C.shelfes D.shelves 37.There are seven in a week.文案大全实用文案A.years B.mo nths C.days D.minutes38.My father is a.He wo rks in a ho spital.A.teacher B.do cto r C.farmer D.writer39.It s very co ld to day.Why do n t yo u put o n yo ur?A.watch B.shirt C.sweater D.glasses40.Excuse me,are yo u?Yes,I m fro m.A.Japan,Japanese B.China,Chinese C.England,English D.American,AmericaV.各地中考题选编：1.-Where is To m?He s left a saying that he has so methingimpo rtant to do.A.excuse B.message C.exercise D.news2.There is no in the bus so we have to wait fo r ano ther bus.A.ro o m B.a ro o m C.ro o ms D.seats3.Wo uld yo u like so me?Oh,yes.Just a little.A.pears B.o ranges C.sugar D.apples4.Yo u can find the fo llo wing INSTRUCTIONS.KEERN ACOLCPLACEA.fo o d B.mo ney C.clo thes D.bo o ks5.Mr.Green has lived in the ho tel since he came to China.A.five-star B.five-stars C.five star s D.fivestars6.She was bo rn in Wuhan,but Beijing has beco me her seco n d.A.ho me B.family C.ho use D.place7.What s the to day?It s June 26.A.day B.date C.time D.ho ur8.English is spo ken as a first language in.A.the USA B.India C.Japan D.China9.co mes fro m co ws.A.Wo o l B.Chicken C.Po rk D.Milk10.Which o f the fo llo wing do es paper burn in?A.co2 B.n2 C.o2 D.h211.Let the children go away.They re making to o much here.A.no ise B.vo ice C.no isy D.so unds12.co mes fro m sheep and so me peo ple like eating it.A.Wo o l B.Po rk C.Mutto n D.Milk13.Oh,there isn t eno ugh fo r us in the lift.It do esn t matter,let s wait fo r the next.文案大全实用文案A.gro und B.flo o r C.place D.ro o m14.is the biggest city in China.A.Beijing B.Shanghai C.Guangzho u D.Kunming15.The Englishman Stephenso n（史蒂芬孙）,in ven ted.A.the ship B.the car C.the plane D.the train冠词重点知识归纳及讲解（一）概说1.冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其 词义。英语中有两个冠词：1）定冠词the 2）不定冠词a/an定冠词the通常读作口，在元音前读作i,特别强调或单念时读作i:o不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用 an这个形式，读作n；在其他情况下则使用a,读作。2.冠词的基本意义不定冠词a/an与数词o ne同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。She is a nurse.He is an Englishman,with an Irish wife.定冠词th e,与th is同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）”。That s the bo o k yo u want.Whd s the yo ung man o ver there?但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。Put it o n the table.Shut the do o r,please.3.特指和泛指一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子：A gentleman is asking to see yo u.有位先生要求见你。（泛指）Ask the gentleman to co me in.请那位先生进来。（特指）在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况：1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。例如：She sent me a po stcard 她寄给我一张明信片。2）在可数名词复数前可不加冠词，可使用 so me,any这类词。These are new wo rds.She sent me so me flo wers.3）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加 so me,any等。It s lo vely weather.Do yo u want any sugar in yo ur tea?Give us so me help.（二）不定冠词的基本用法1.泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）文案大全实用文案His father is a do cto r.2.代表某一类人或事物，相当于 any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用 a,表示类别）A ho rse is a useful animal.3.指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”）his bo o k was written by a wo rker.4.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有 o ne强烈（一般译为“一”）Wait a mo ment.等一下。5.表示单位，相当于“每”的意思We have three meals a day.6.用于某此固定词组中a few,a little,a bit（o f）,a lo t o f 等。（三）定冠词的基本用法1.特指某（些）人或某（些）事物Give me the bo o k.2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物Where is the do cto r?3.再次提到上文提到过的人或事物I bo ught a dictio nary yesterday.The dictio nary is at ho me.4.用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物The earth is bigger than the mo o n,but smaller than the sun.5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前Mr Wang teaches the first class.Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth.6.用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物The ho rse is a useful animal.7.与下列专有名词连用1）在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前the Changjiang River,the Great Lake2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table.8.和某些形容词连用，表示一类人the o ld 老人 the yo ung 年轻人 the rich 富人 the po o r 穷人 the sick 病人 the dead死人9.在一些习惯说法中the east（west,so uth,no rth）in the mo rning（afterno o n,evening）o nthe left（right）in the end go to the cinema（四）不用冠词的几种情况1.在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前Have yo u ever been to Shanghai?We lo ve science.2.在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前文案大全实用文案Girls can be scientists.3.在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前It is ho t in summer.Have yo u had breakfast?It s Tuesday,Augustthe 22nd.4.称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前Whaf s the matter with yo u,Mike?He is headmaster o f o ur scho o l.5.学科和球类运动的名称前We study English.Do yo u like to play fo o tball?6.名词前已有用作定语的 this,that my,yo ur,so me,any,no,who se,every,each等代词时，不用冠词That is her bikeEach student in his class studies hard.7.在某些固定词组的名词前at ho me,at night,after scho o l,by bus,in bed,in to wn,in fro nt o f,go to scho o l,go to bed三、随堂监测A组I.在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示：1.This is o ld map.It is useful map.2.We have no classes in afterno o n o n Saturday.3.spaceship flies at abo ut eleven kilo meters seco nd.4.Beijing is capital o f China.It is beautiful city.5.Ro man was no t built in day.6.Chinese is quite difficult language fo r Mike.7.Many students will take active part in spo rts meet.8.There is interesting picture o n wall.9.Jenny fo und wallet lying o n gro und.wallet was Mr.Black s.10.Which is biggest,sun,mo o n,o r earth?11.Which picture is mo re beautiful?o ne o n left,I think.12.Which is way to ho spital?Go do wn this ro ad andturn left o n seco nd cro ssing.13.mo re,better.14.Turners are sitting at breakfast table.15.Jo e Hill was fighter fo r wo rking class.16.When was Peo ple s Republic o f China fo unded?17.In China first English textbo o ks were published in latenineteenth century.18.After breakfast he went to scho o l o n fo o t.19.Huanghe River lies in no rth o f China.20.He likes playing fo o tball.His sister likes playing文案大全实用文案pi