现代大学英语精读四.thinkingasahobby市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

ThinkingasaHobby-williamGolding第1页Author William GoldingAuthor Author Sir William Gerald Golding(September 19,1911June 19,1993)was an English novelist,poet and winner of 1983 Nobel prize in Literature:第2页The Authors BackgroundAuthor Author Born on September 19,1911 at St.Columb Minor,a village near Newquay,Cornwall（英国英格兰一个郡：康沃尔郡）,he started writing at the age of seven.He went to Oxford University in 1930,where he studied natural sciences and English language.His first book,a collection of poems,appeared a year before Golding received his BA.第3页Author Author To be continued on the next page.The Authors Background He married Ann Brookfield,an analytical chemist,in 1939.He became a teacher of English and philosophy at Bishop Wordsworths School in Salisbury（英格兰南部城市）.During World War II he served in the Royal Navy and was involved in the sinking of Germanys mightiest battleship（战列舰，火炮威力巨大主力战斗舰，当前已被淘汰）,the Bismarck.He participated in the invasion of Normandy on D-Day（二战中盟军在法国北部开始进攻日，1944年6月6日）and at wars end went back to teaching and writing.第4页Author Author The Authors Background In 1961 his successful books allowed Golding to leave his teaching post and he spent a year as writer-in-residence at Hollins College in Virginia.He then became a full-time writer.He received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 1988.William Golding died in his home at Perranarworthal,near Truro,Cornwall on June 19,1993.To be continued on the next page.第5页Rodins ThinkerRodins ThinkerTo be continued on the next page.Resting on the horizontal panel above the doors,The Thinker became the focal point of The Gates of Hell and subsequently perhaps the most well-known sculpture of all time.The athletic-looking figure,inspired（激发灵感）by the sculpture of Michelangelo（米开朗琪罗，1475-1564，意大利文艺复兴盛期雕塑家、画家）,depicts a man in sober meditation,yet whose muscles strain with effortpossibly to evoke a powerful internal struggle.Rodin initially referred to the figure as Dante（但丁，意大利文艺复兴时期诗人：史诗神曲）but eventually what we know as The Thinker evolved into a more symbolic representation of creativity,intellect,and above allthought.第6页III.III.Goddess VenusGoddess VenusTo be continued on the next page.VenusofMiloVenusdeMilo(about150100BC)isconsideredbymanyarthistorianstobetheidealofHellenisticbeauty.Itwascarvedoutofmarbleandstandsapproximately205cm(6ft10in)high.米洛维纳斯，著名古希腊大理石雕塑，作于公元前二世纪。公元18在希腊米洛岛被发觉。现藏于巴黎罗浮宫。第7页III.III.Goddess VenusGoddess VenusAs Roman Goddess of Love and Beauty,Venus is associated with cultivated fields and gardens and later identified by the Romans with the Greek Goddess of Love,Aphrodite阿佛洛狄特，爱与美女神（希神）.The Birth of VenusThe end of Goddess Venus.第8页To be continued on the next page.“Intelligence is something we are born with.Thinking is a skill that must be learned.”“I think,therefore I am.”Quotations on ThinkingQuotations on Thinking第9页To be continued on the next page.Quotations on ThinkingQuotations on Thinking“I cannot teach anybody anything,I can only make them think.”Socrates 苏格拉底，469399BC,古希腊哲学家 第10页Quotations on ThinkingQuotations on Thinking“Nurture your mind with great thoughts.”Benjamin Disraeli迪斯累里，18041881，英国首相（1874-1880），保守党领袖。作家 “What is the hardest task in the world?To think.”The end of Quotations on Thinking.第11页grammarschool:InBritain,itreferstoaschoolforchildrenover11whoareacademicallybright.Today,therearefewgrammarschools.Mostsecondaryschoolsarecalled“comprehensive”andtakeinallchildrenover11whatevertheirabilities.IntheUS,agrammarschoolusedtomeananelementaryschool,butitisnowconsideredold-fashioned.第12页It wasmyheadmasterbeforeme.第一个把思索这个问题带到我面前是我文法学校校长第13页8.nothing but:only,merely Dont have him for a friend:hes nothing but a criminal.He had nothing for supper but a little piece of cheese.Nothing but roses meets the eye.“nothing”phrasesTo be continued on the next page.第14页“Lets go for a boat ride!”“Nothing doing!”毫无，决不 He was nothing if not clever.极其，极端 Theres nothing like a holiday to make one fell rested.没有什么能比得上 Thats nothing less than a miracle.(=no less than)不亚于，完全（强调其多、其大）第15页Thedropsdidntgetverybig,andtheearthreceivednothingmorethanadrizzle.(=nomorethan)仅仅，只不过（强调其少、其小）“Anythinginterestinghappening?”No,nothingmuch.没什么“Imsorrytocauseyoutrouble.”“Mydearfriend,itsnothingofthekind”.哪里话，没那回事第16页lest:andold-fashioned)conj.forfearthat唯恐、以免Hedoesntdaretoleavethehouselestheshouldberecognized.Note:Thesubjunctivemoodisusedintheclauselestintroduces.Becarefullestyoufallfromthattree.第17页Sometimesusedafterdanger,fear,afraid,worried,functioningas thatIwasafraid/worriedlesthemightcometoolate.Therewasdangerlesttheplanshouldbecomeknown.第18页farther and furtherfarther:physical distancefurther:degree,timeandallotherfigurativeusesThenextvillageturnedouttobemuchfartherthanwehadthought.Wewilldiscussitfurthertomorrow.Furtherdevelopmentofoureconomywillstrainourresourcestoo.第19页beinpositiontodosth:tobeabletodosth.becauseyouhaveability,powerormoneytodoitIamnotinapositiontolendyoumoney.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,manisnowinapositiontodestroythewholeworld.Unfortunate:不利Anunfortunateturnoftheevents事态不利改变第20页Utterly:completely,totallyTheyseemutterlyunawareofwhatmayhappen.第21页Symbolize:torepresent象征着，是。象征InEurope,thecolorwhitesymbolizespurity,butinAsiaitisoftenthesymbolofdeepmourning.第22页 go to 2I was not integrated,I was,if anything,disintegrated.(Para.4)Forming a part of a harmonious groupThe direct opposite of“integrated”,and therefore means some kind of trouble maker.This is not the the way the word is normally used.on the contraryMore examples To be continued on the next page.第23页integrate:1.（inthetext)使完整、使完善Ifmanistointegratehimself,hemustdiscoverhisspringsofaction.人欲善其身，必先省其心。2.(with,into):tojoinorcausetojoinasawholeThecountryisinvitedtointegrateintoNATO.Thedifferentideashavebeenintegratedintooneuniformplan.第24页11.integratev.a.to make into a whole by bringing all parts together;to unifyb.to join with something else;unite disintegrate:to become reduced to components,fragments,or particlesExamples:Many suggestions are needed to integrate the plan.The teachers are trying to integrate all the children into society.The case was so old it just disintegrated when a worker picked it up.Word Formationa.integrated综合,完整第25页 if anythinga.假如有什么（区分）话b.恰恰相反 I never had to clean up after him.If anything,he did most of the cleaning.Im not ashamed of her.If anything,Im proud.第26页Writhe:1.totwistthebody(asif)ingreatpain蠕动、扭动身体2.感到极度痛苦、难堪、厌恶等Writhewithshame惭愧难当Writheinapology深感内疚Writheunder(or:at)insults因受辱而极度痛苦第27页contemplate:tothinkforalongtimeinordertounderstandbetterinagloomymanner第28页 v.a.to look at attentively and thoughtfully （沉思地）注视，凝视 b.to consider carefully and at length 对。做周密思索 c.to have in mind as an intention or possibility 盘算、打算She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror.The young surgeon contemplated the difficult operation of kidney transplant.She is contemplating a trip to Europe,but she hasnt planned it yet.5.contemplate第29页The muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom.tothinkforalongtimeinordertounderstandbetterinagloomymannerTheauthorexpressedtheboysviewingoftheimageofThinkerinahumorouswaytoshowthatthethinkingdoesntmakeanysensetohim.第30页The teachers glasses caught the light and therefore the boy could not see the teachers eyes.He could not have any eye contact.He could not have any communication with him.The implied meaning of this sentence is that they could not communicate,not because of this but because of the teachers lack of understanding of the boy.go to 4His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them.There was no possibility of communication.To have the light shine on it brightly and suddenly第31页 v.(vi.)to feel or suffer anguish 感受痛苦 n.agonizing physical or mental pain;torment 痛苦 a.anguished Her husbands death anguished her deeply.She was in anguish over her missing child.anguished cries2.anguishSynonymssuffering,agony,distress,grief,heartache,heartbreak,misery,pain sorrow,torment,torture第32页go to 5On one occasion he headmaster leaped to his feet,reached up and put Rodins masterpiece on the desk before me.(Para.13)to jump upTo move a hand or arm upward in order to touch,hold,or pick up sth.Also:to reach sth.down;to reach out(for);to reach intoThree parallel verb phrases are used to describe the sequence of his actions.More examples to ones feetTo be continued on the next page.第33页go back to 4to leap to ones feetto rise to ones feetto struggle to ones feetto help sb.to ones feetto pull sb.to his feet一跃而起站起身来挣扎着站起来扶某人站起来把某人拉起来to ones feet 站起来第34页reachup:向上伸出手Ahandreachedoutandseizedmyarm.Hereachedacross(or:over)forthelastcake.Ireachedintomypocketforacigarette.Hereachedforastonewithhisfeet.第35页go to 6Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out.(Para.15)A keen intuitive(直觉)power.Here the author means the ability to think.To provide sb.with a natural quality or talentEverybody,except me,are born with the ability to think.第36页endow:Sheisoneofthoseluckywomenwhoareendowedwithbothasharpbrainandgreatbeauty.Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,Liberty,andthepursuitofHappiness.我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻：人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺权利，其中包含生命权、自由权和追求幸福权利-TheDeclarationofIndependence,ThomasJefferson第37页Leaveout:notincluding,exceptHeleftoutanimportantdetailinheraccount.Hefeltalittleout.他感到有点儿受冷落。第38页Bitterlydetermined:extremelydeterminedBitter:坚定不移Bitterdetermination第39页Modest:Thereisamodestincreaseincosts.费用略有增加。Thereisnosenseindoingsth.Thecleanlife:itnormallyreferstoalifewithoutvicesormoralsins.(decent lifeinthetext)Thevirtuesoffreshair:theadvantagesoffreshair第40页Hedidnotpracticewhathepreached.Hewasahopelessalcoholicwhichhadruinedhishealth,andheobviouslydidnotlikeoutdoorlife.Yethekepttalkingaboutacleanandthevirtuesoffreshair.第41页7.exaltv.a.to raise in rank,character,or status 提升 b.to glorify,praise,or honor颂扬c.to increase the effect or intensity of 加深、增强 exalted a.excited;noble;exaggeratedExamples:Complementary（相互补充）colors exalt each other.He was exalted to the position of president.The retiring professor is exalted by his colleagues.an exalted dedication to libertyHe has an exalted sense of his importance to the project.第42页 vt.a.to convey in a hurried or rough manner猛推 b.to cause or urge to proceed quickly 催促 c.to gain by energetic effort 赶快做 vi.to work or move energetically and rapidly 赶快、奔忙9.hustleExamples:The police hustled the prisoner into a van.Mother hustled the children off to school lest they should be late.We hustled to get dinner ready on time.第43页oratory:artofpublicspeakingSometimeshegotcarriedawayandwouldjumpfromhisdeskandhurryusoutsideintoacoldandunpleasantwind第44页10.impediment n.a.a fact or event which makes action difficult or impossible 妨碍、妨碍、障碍物 b.an organic defect preventing clear articulation 口吃Examples:The main impediment to development is the countrys huge foreign debt.He has an impediment in speech.他讲话口吃。To be continued on the next page.第45页impede:to get in the way or slow down by making action or movement difficult his departure was impeded by heavy rain.妨碍、阻止To be continued on the next page.第46页Reel:1.towalkunsteadily,movingfromsidetoside,asifdrunk踉跄2.tostepawaysuddenlyandunsteadilyasifafterbeinghit打趔趄3.tobeinastateofshock,confusion,oruncertainty（头脑）眩晕；（客体）似在摇摆Hismindreeledwhenheheardtheterriblenews.听到那骇人消息，他只以为一阵眩晕。Themountainsreeledbeforehereyes.第47页Note the humorous effect achieved through the use of the exaggeration and formal stylego to 7The fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest because he was unaccustomed to this.He would stagger or be thrown off balanceUnable to do anything for the rest of the morningV-ed and V-ing as object complementYou could hear the wind,trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments.His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there,useless for the rest of the morning.(Para.19)第48页Mr.Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life,sexless and full of duty.(Para.20)To be habitually inclined to do(sth.):有。倾向 The child is given to lying.She was given to hasty decision.a highly moral speechObviously in Mr.Houghtons clean life,there is no place for alcoholic drink,sex,and other worldly pleasures.This is,of course,ironical.第49页Spring:弹性、弹力、活力；弹簧Therewaslittlespringinhismuscles.他肌肉不太有弹性了。Theoldmanwalkswiththespringofayoungone.那位老人走起路来和年轻人一样轻快有力。第50页The author is ridiculing the contradiction between his high moral tone and the working of his genes which compels him to turn his head toward young girls.go to 9Yet in the middle of these monologues,if a girl passed the window,his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight.In this instance,he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck.(Para.20)To turn by itself;to turn on its ownParallel structure of two prepositional phrases to show the contrastMetaphor:his sexual impulse第51页not think much ofthink better of sb.think better of sth.think highly ofthink well ofthink little ofthink poorly ofthink nothing of看轻对某人印象好；看重某人改变念头；打消主意看重；器重重视看轻；看不起不放在眼里；轻视轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起11.think well of:to have a good opinion of sb.;to think favorably of sb.;to like sb.Try to make some sentences with the phrases第52页disinterest:1.n.absenceofinterestHerdisinterestinartwasduetoherignorance.2.n.公正、无私therefereewaschargedwithalackofdisinterest.3.v.使兴趣索然;使无私Disinterested:1.unbiasedbypersonalinterestoradvantageAdisinterestedobserver2.(nonstandard)uninterestedThehusbandandthewifebecomedisinterestedineachother.第53页metonymy转喻:e.g.TheworldiswatchingcloselywhattheWhiteHousewilldonext.(theAmericangovernment)第54页Technically,it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf,as honest as most politicians intentions,or as coherent as most books that get written.(Para.23)orderly,logical,and consistent relation of parts从技术上而言，其宣讲娴熟程度如商人玩高尔夫球，其宣讲意图如政客意图普通老实，其宣讲条理性如大多数写出来书普通连贯。这就是以后被我称作第三等级思索，即使实际上称它为感觉更为恰当。This ironical sentence shows that the author not only considers those people incompetent,dishonest and incoherent,but also despises most businessmen,distrust most politicians and dislikes most publications.第55页Lightly:1.withoutcarefulthoughtandconsideration轻率地，轻蔑，满不在意Thinklightlysb.sachievements轻视某人成就Itisamatternottobetakenlightly不可掉以轻心事behavelightly行为轻浮2.轻轻地、轻松地、轻巧地Stepasidelightly轻捷地闪到一旁Dontworryaboutitatall.hesaidlightly.轻松地说3.ToaslightorlittledegreeSeasonfoodlightly给食物少许加些作料第56页Dismiss:1.torefusetoconsiderseriously2.toputasidefromconsideration第57页I no longer consider the way grade-three thinkers think unimportant because they account for nine-tenths of the people and therefore have great power.Now I know that ignorance,prejudice and hypocrisy are very powerful enemies.我不敢再轻视思索过程了,十分之九人士为三级思索者，而三级搜考已是他们能到达最高境界。Mental process:grade-three thinking I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process wh