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Unit5 Visiting the Moon
知识点归纳
重点单词: diary, space, spaceship, spacesuit, nervous, leave, gravity, able, float, tie, ourselves, without, weak, breathe, if, camera, work, garden, rock, postcard, machine, return.
重点短语more than, be able to, have to, so that, take photos, as…as…, that is, such as.
课文重点句子解析
Reading
1.How will Jerry travel?
How may Jerry feel about the trip?
travel, trip, journey的用法辨析: 三者区别如下
1). travel 泛指一般意义的旅行是不可数名词。 如 He is fond of travel (= travelling). 他喜欢旅行。 Travel is much cheaper than it used to be. 现在旅行比过去便宜多了。 注有时可用复数形式主要指时间较长的各处旅行此时通常有物主代词修饰但是尽管用了复数形式却不能与 many 或数词连用。 如 He’s gone off on his travels again. 他又外出旅行了。 另外travel 通常只是泛指旅行而不特指某次具体的旅行所以通常不说How was your travel?
2). journey 通常指远距离的陆地旅行并且不一定要返回到出发地(即通常指单程)。如 I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你一路顺风。
He made a journey to Beijing. 他去北京旅行了。 注journey 有时并不指真正意义的“旅行”而只是表示走过一段距离。 如How long is your journey to work? 你上班要走多远?
3). trip 通常指近距离的为了办事或消遣而进行旅行并且往往要回到出发点(即指双程)不过有时 trip 也可指远距离的长途旅行可与 journey 换用比 journey 更通俗。 如AWhere is John? 约翰在哪里? BHe’s on a trip to Shanghai. 他去上海旅行了。 He’ll make a round-the-world trip. 他将周游世界。
2.There can be more than one answer. more than= over 超过
3. Tomorrow I'll be one of the first students to travel into the space.
①one of the first students ...的其中之一 , 此机构中的中心名词要用可数名词的复数。 如He is one of the top students. 他是尖子生之一。
②space, place, room的用法区别 三者均可表示“空地”、“空间”区别如下：
1). 泛指一般意义的“空地”或“空间”space 和 room 均可以用但前者根据情况可用作可数或不可数名词而后者通常只用作不可数名词。 如The large table takes up too much space [room]. 这张大桌子太占地方了。 There isn’t enough space [room] for all our luggage. 没有足够的地方可以放我们的行李。 Here is an empty place, put the box here. 这里有个空地方把箱子放在这里吧。 注place 表示“太空”、“宇宙”是不可数名词而 room 表示“房间”是可数名词。 He was staring into space. 他极目远眺。 This is one of the largest rooms here. 这是这里最大的房间之一。
2). place 表示“空地”其含义通常比较具体且往往指座位有时与 seat 同义。如 We’ll try to get places (=seats) at the front of the hall. 我们要设法弄到大厅前面的座位。 There are only two places (=seats) left for tonight. 今晚只剩两个座位。 AIs there any room [space] in the boat? 船上有空处吗? BYes, that place in the corner is empty. 在那边角落里还有个空位。
4.The spaceship will leave the Earth at 9 a.m.
①“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。
例如 When did you leave Shanghai? --你什么时候离开上海的
②“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。
例如 Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
③“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。
例如 Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京
5.It will take us to the Moon. take... to... 带...去...
6.The Moon is around 380,000 kilometers from the Earth ,so it'll take us about four days to get there.
① around = about 大约
② it take sb. some time to do sth. =sb spend some time doing sth. / on sth. 某人花了多长时间做某事it 在此句型中作形式主语动词不定式为真正的主语如 It will take him an hour to finish all his homework. = He will spend an hour finishing/on all his homework. 完成所有的家庭作业将花费他一个小时。
③get to , arrive , reach 的用法 三者均可表示“到达”区别如下
■ arrive 和 get 都是不及物动词前者较正式后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可接宾语但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。如 What time does the train arrive? 火车什么时候到? We got [arrived] here last night. 我们昨晚到这儿。 要表示“到达某地”需借助适当介词
1. arrive 之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)。
如 We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站晚了 5 分钟。 They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。
1. get 之后通常接介词 to。
如When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时就开始下雨了。 在谈到火车、汽车等或乘客等到站时通常用 get in。如 The bus gets in at five thirty. 汽车五点半到站。
■ reach 通常是及物动词(较 get 更正式)其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。如 He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。 注reach 之后也可接 here, there, home 等词。
如 When did he reach home yesterday? 昨天他什么时候到家? 顺便说一句reach 除可表示到达某地外还用于其它意义的到达。如 Your letter reached me last week. 我是上周收到你的信的。 He has reached school age. 他已达到上学年龄。 You can guess it when you reach the end of the chapter. 当你读到这末尾时你就可以猜到了。
7.There is no gravity in space. There be 句型be动词的形式根据其后所跟名词的单复数遵循主谓一致的原则
如 There is → 可数名词单数或不可数名词 There is an apple on the table. There is some water in the bottle. There are → 可数名词的复数 There are two apples on the chair.
8. So we will all be able to float around in the spaceship. 比较: be able to与 can
1can表示能力可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。 be able to可以用于各种时态。 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2只用be able to a. 位于助动词后, b. 情态动词后, c. 表示过去某时刻动作时, d. 用于句首表示条件,
e. 表示成功地做了某事时只能用was/were able to 不能用could。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 9.---We'll have to tie ourselves to our beds so that we won't float away in our sleep!
must和have to用法比较讲解:
1must表示“必须”“应该”。否定式must not(mustn't)表示“不应该”“禁止”等。在回答带有must的问句时否定式常用need not(needn't)或don't have to 表示“不必”而不用must not (mustn't)。 The work must be finished as soon as possible.这件工作必须尽快完成。 You mustn't speak like that.你不能那样说话。 —Must I be home before eight o'clock? 8点之前我必须回家吗 —Yes, you must./No, you needn't./No, you don't have to. 是的必须回家。/不不必了。
2must表推测
① 一般只用于肯定句中译成汉语“一定”“必定”。 There must be some mistakes.肯定有一些错误。 You must be very tired.你一定很累了。
② 如果表示对过去事情的推测就用"must+完成时"。 You must have left your umbrella in the theatre.你一定把雨伞丢在剧院里了。 His car is still here. He must have gone by bus.他的车还在这里他一定乘公共汽车走了。
③ 当must表推测之意时其否定形式常用can not而不用must not。 He can't have been to your home. He doesn't know your address.他不可能到过你家因为他不知道你的住址。 What can he be doing at this time of night?夜晚都到这个时候了他究竟在干什么呢?
3must表必然性 You must catch cold if you don't put on more clothes.如果你不多穿些衣服必然感冒。 All men must die.人固有一死。 Truth must be out.真相总会大白。
4have to表示“必须”“不得不”在这个意义上与must很接近但must表示的是说话人的主观看法而have to 表示的却是客观需要。 I have to go now.我得走了。客观需要 I must go now.我必须走。主观看法 You have to work hard to make a living.为了谋生你就得努力工作。客观需要 You must do what I tell you.你必须按照我告诉你的去做。主观要求
5have to 有更多的时态形式现在时过去时将来时等而must只有现在时形式。 We had to be there at 8.我们得8点到那里。 I shall have to go to school tomorrow.明天我得去上学了。
so that 以便引导目的状语从句 I get up early today so that I can catch the first bus to work. 我今天早起以便能赶上去上班的头班车。
10.Without gravity, our bodies may get weak,so we'll have to do exercises every day.
Without gravity=If there is no gravity, our bodies may get weak. 如果没有万有引力我们的身体将变得很虚弱。
11.I'll have to wear a spacesuit to help me breathe because there's no air on the Moon.
①wear, dress, dress up, in, put on的用法小结: 都含有“穿、戴”之意但用法不同。 wear “穿着戴着”表示状态宾语可以是衣帽也可以是饰物、奖章等。
例如：You’d better wear blue or black pants with blown shoes. 穿棕色鞋子的时候, 最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。
Why does he often wear dark sunglasses? 他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜
dress的宾语通常是人意思是“给……穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己 穿衣服。
例如： My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。
It’s time to wake up and get dressed! 该起床穿衣服了。
dress up的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。
例如：I’d like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight. 今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。
Young kids often dress up and have fun at Halloween. 万圣节前夜，小孩子通常都乔装打扮玩得很开心。
in是介词后接表示衣服或颜色的词着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能 作表语或定语。
例如：This is a picture of a young man in a black coat. 这是一张穿着黑色外套的年轻人的照片。这里in a black coat是young man的定语。
He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。
In a black nylon jacket在这个句子里作表语。
put on “穿上、戴上”强调“穿”“戴”的动作后接衣服、鞋帽等。
例如：I want you to put on this coat and this hat. 我要你穿这件外套戴这顶帽子。 Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去穿上你的厚冬衣。
② help sb. (to) do =help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
③ breath (n.) 呼吸 相关短语deep breath深呼吸 take a deep breath深呼吸 out of breath喘不过气来上气不接下气 。用法：His breath was steadied in his sleep. 睡着之后他的呼吸变得均匀平缓了。 breathe (v.) 相关短语 breathe in吸入 breathe out呼出breathe freely透气安心 breathe deeply深呼吸
12.I'm going to take as many photos as I can, that is , if my camera still works up there...
as many photos as I can = as many photos as possible 尽可能多的照片
that is= that's to say=It means...也就是说..
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