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英语五大基本句型导学案.doc

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(完整版)英语五大基本句型导学案 英语五大基本句型导学案 学习目标 1。掌握五大基本句型的用法。. 2。培养学生运用语言能力。 自学指导(句子成分) (一)定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语. (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular。( ) We often speak English in class。( ) One—third of the students in this class are girls。( ) To swim in the river is a great pleasure。( ) Smoking does harm to the health.( ) The rich should help the poor。( ) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.( ) It is necessary to master a foreign language.( ) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成.如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成.如:We are students. (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: Our teacher of English is an American.( ) Is it yours?( ) The weather has turned cold.( ) The speech is exciting.( ) Three times seven is twenty one?( ) His job is to teach English。( ) His hobby(爱好)is playing football。( ) The machine must be out of order。( ) Time is up。 The class is over.( ) The truth is that he has never been abroad.( ) (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面.例如: They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.( ) The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time。( ) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.( ) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.( ) He pretended not to see me。( ) I enjoy listening to popular music。( ) I think(that)he is fit for his office.( ) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please。 (2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor. (六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如: His father named him Dongming.( ) They painted their boat white。( ) Let the fresh air in.( ) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you。( ) We saw her entering the room。( ) We found everything in the lab in good order。( ) We will soon make our city what your city is now。( ) (七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示: Guilin is a beautiful city.( ) China is a developing country; America is a developed country。( ) There are thirty women teachers is our school。( ) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.( ) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom。( ) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out。( ) He is reading an article about how to learn English.( ) (八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示: Light travels most quickly。( ) He has lived in the city for ten years.( ) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination。( ) He is in the room making a model plane。( ) Wait a minute.( ) Once you begin, you must continue.( ) 牛刀小试: 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分: 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper。 3。 I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers。 7。 He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing。 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9。 He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow。 10。 His wish is to become a scientist。 11。 He managed to finish the work in time. 12。 Tom came to ask me for advice。 13. He found it important to master English。 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16。 Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper。 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room。 20。 The apples tasted sweet. 展示点拨 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一: S +V (主+谓) 基本句型二: S +V +P (主+系+表) 基本句型三: S +V +O (主+谓+宾) 基本句型四: S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五: S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型 一 S +V(主+谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 这些动词常见的有:take place, happen, break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, fall, rise, hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等等. (2)有些动词如wash, sell, burn,write, clean, draw, cook, read等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。 1. Time flies。 2。 The moon rose。 3. The man cooked. 4. We all eat, and drink. 5。 Everybody laughed? 6。 I woke. 7。 They talked for half an hour. 8。 He walked yesterday 9.He is playing 10。They have gone 基本句型 二 S +V +P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn, go等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay, prove, remain, stand (3)形容词,名词,现在分词,过去分词,不定式,介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语。 S V(是系动词) P(表语) 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The dinner smells(闻) good. 3。 He fell happy。 4. Everything looks different。 5。 He is tall and strong. 6。 The book is interesting. 7。 The weather became warmer。 8. His face turned red. 基本句型 三 S +V +O(主+谓+宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词. S V(实义动词) O(宾语) Who knows the answers? She laugh at her He understands English He made cakes They ate some apples Danny likes donuts I want to have a cup of tea He said “ Good morning ” 3主语+ 谓语+宾语 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如: (1)我要一杯茶. (2)他喜欢每天练习口语。 (3)我昨天看了一部名叫Gone With The Wind的电影。 注意: 只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有: afford,agree,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine, fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,,wish,arrange,learn,etc。 动词之后只能跟动名词做宾语:acknowledge(承认),admit,appreciate(感激),avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,prevent,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,practice,quit(放弃),risk, stand,suggest,advise等; 动词短语有: go on,give up,put off,feel like 等。 练习: (1) 你能想象他通过这次考试了吗?(imagine) (2)你做完作业了吗?(finish) (3)我们必须避免再犯这样的错误.avoid (4)你介不介意我在这吸烟?mind 基本句型 四 S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。 4。 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”.这类词常有pass, give, offer , bring, buy ,show, teach, ask等 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:1)动词+ 宾语 + for sb.( buy,); 2)动词 + 宾语+to sb。(give,offer,show)如: 测试题: (1)昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物。 _____________________________________________ (2)请把你的画给我。 _____________________________________________ (3)他问了我一个奇怪的问题。 _____________________________________________ 5。 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的。通常放在宾语的后面。如: The news made me excited。 这里excited 就是me 的宾语补足语。 1)、不定式作宾补 A . 不定式前带 to 常用的动词有: advise, cause, allow, drive, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, permit, tell, trust, urge, persuade, remind, teach, want, warn, get, ask, forbid, beg, require, tempt, enable, lead, 等,以及表示 "情感状态”的动词 love, like, prefer, hate 等后面跟带to的不定式作补语。 汉译英练习: 1。 他叫我跟他一起去逛街. 2。 村民们不允许他们做这.(allow) 3。 老师告诉他今晚六点钟过来这里。 4。 他说服了弟弟上床睡觉。 5. 玛丽提醒我要准时参加会议 6。 爸爸警告我不要吸烟。 B 。 不定式前不带 to 表示 "感觉"的动词see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel 等和三个表示 "致使”的动词make, have, let 后面跟不带to的不定式作补语。 小试身手: 1. 我听到了他在房间里唱歌。 2。 我让他打扫了教室。 3. 我注意到他走进了那家工厂。 C . 不定式为to be 在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be,如:believe, consider, declare, find, imagine, know, prove, suppose, feel, think, understand等等。 汉译英 1。 这个答案证明是错的。 2. 我认为他是一个好学生. 2)、分词作宾补 分词作宾语补足语时,如果分词与宾语构成”主谓关系",用现在分词;如果构成”动宾关系”,则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有:find, feel , get , have , hear , keep , notice , see , watch,make, leave等。 练习: 1. 我让机器整个晚上在运转。have ___________________________________ 2. 我听到我的名字被人叫。 hear ___________________________________ 3。 我注意到杯子碎了。notice ___________________________________ 4. 老师让学生一直在阅读课文。(keep) ______________________________________ 5。 我让门锁着。(keep) ______________________________________ 3)、形容词作宾补 常用形容词作宾补的动词有: keep, leave, find, make, feel, think, consider等 1。 学生要保持课室清洁。 2。 不要留着门开着。 3。 我发觉这本书很有趣。 4。 我觉得跟他聊天很有趣。 4)、名词作宾补 常用名词作宾补的动词有:find, name, call, elect, make, choose 等 例如:The couple named the child Tom We choose him monitor 5)、由 as 构成的短语作宾补 常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有:consider…as, treat…as, regard…as, look on…as, have…as, take…as, think of…as等 6.There be 句型 此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语构成,用以表达存在有,一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如, 现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were… 将来有 there will be…/there is /are going to be。.。 可能有 there might be。。. 肯定有 there must be …/there must have been.。。 过去一直有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …  此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等. 合作探究:(小组合作,快乐学习) 判断以下句子属于哪种类型 1.I heard the girl playing the piano in the next room。 2.There used to be a well in the village. 3。 He has lived in the cottage for over 15years。 3。. what he said made me angry. 4。 The soup tastes delicious. 5.The teacher saw two boys play football on the playground。 5.Mr Smith invited me to have dinner yesterday。 6。 The old man is telling the children a story. 7。In front of our teaching building stand some trees. 8。we should respect our tacher. 9.The sun rises in the east. 10。I had my bike repaired last week。 当堂检测 1。I am sorry to have kept you ____.         A。  wait     B. to wait      C. waiting     D。 waited 2.She found her dog ___over by a car on the road。      A。 run           B。 ran            C。 to run          D. running 3. Rose is going to have her hair _____.     A. do   B. done    C。 did    D。 doing 4. She felt somebody ___her。    A. touched     B。 touches   C. touch   D。 to touch 5。 She taught him _____speak English.      A。 how   B。 how could he    C。 how he could   D。 how to 6.He didn't enjoy the play because he ____.      A. was boring  B. bored    C. was bored   D. boring 7。I will make your dream ____.          A. comes true  B。 to come true    C。 coming truly     D. come true 8。He warned ____home .    A。 us to not go    B. us not to go    C。 we not go   D. us not go 9. Canned food does not go ____.    A。 bed easily       B。 badly easy    C。 bad easy  D. badly easily 10。The sad news kept her ___all the night。       A. awake   B. waken C。 wake    D. to wake 拓展提高 1.I think ____a bad habit to get up late .         A。 that    B. it    C. this D。 its 2.He found his money _____。         A。 steal    B. stealing  C. stolen    D. to steal 3.Roses in bloom smell ____.        A。 sweetly      B。 sweet    C. sweeten   D。 sweetness 4。We must have the machine ____。        A。 to repair   B。 repairing      C. repair   D. repaired 5.She was lying in the sofa ____a book.     A。 reading    B. read    C。 to read    D。 to reading 6.A television set will keep us ____of the news of the day。     A. inform          B. to inform            C。 informed         D. informing 7。The speaker found himself ____all alone。     A. left     B。 leave  C。 leaving D. to leave 8.The speaker found himself ____。   A. misunderstand    B。 misunderstanding      C。 misunderstood    D。 to misunderstand 9.—My watch is broken。    –Why don’t you ___.    A. take a repairer your watch           B. take your watch a repairer    C. take to a repairer it                D。 take it to a repairer 10.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldn't find ____the hotel.   A。 how to return to                    B。 how you could go for  C。 the way back for                   D. the way back to 11.Yesterday was my birthday。 My mother ____.    A. made a cake to me  B. made a cake me   C. made for me a cake D。 made me a cake 12.He was seen___________ by the river yesterday. A to play B played C to be play D play 8
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