08行为主义1.ppt

BehaviorismThe BeginningsThe Rise of BehaviorismnBehaviorism:John B.Watson(1878-1958)Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,1913 “Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science.Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior.”Pioneers in the History of BehaviorismnIvan Pavlov(1927)Conditioned Reflexes nJohn B.Watson(1913)Psychology as the Behaviorist Views ItnE.L.Thorndike(1927)The Law of EffectnB.F.Skinner(1938)The Behavior of OrganismsnAlbert Bandura(1977):Social learning theoryJohn B.Watson(1878-1958)nWatsons lifenThe Methods of BehaviorismnThe Subject Matterof BehaviorismnSpecific Views and ConceptsnCriticism ofWatsons BehaviorismnContributions ofWatsons BehaviorismJohn B.Watson(1878-1958)John B.Watson(1878-1958)nWatsons life na juvenile delinquent(少年罪犯少年罪犯)John B.Watsonn1900:U.of Chicago n1903:youngest Ph.D.from ChicagonDissertation nneurological and psychological maturation of the white rat John B.Watsonn1920:forced to resign from Johns Hopkins nsecond career:applied psychology in advertisingThe Methods of BehaviorismnAdoption of the methods of the natural sciences nobservation,with and without instruments ntesting methods nverbal report method nconditioned reflex method The Subject Matterof BehaviorismnItems or elements of behavior:muscular movements or glandular secretionsnGoal:understand overall behavior of the total organism Specific Views and Conceptsn1925:eliminated the concept of instinctSpecific Views and Conceptsnpsychology is useful only if behavior can be modifiedSpecific Views and ConceptsnEmotions ndefined as bodily responses to specific stimuli Specific Views and ConceptsnThought processes noccur in the absence of muscle movements nis silent talking to ones self nCriticism of Watsons BehaviorismnContributions of Watsons Behaviorism