材料力学中英对照词汇.doc

材料力学中英对照词汇A 安全因数 safety factor B 半桥接法 half bridge 闭口薄壁杆 thin-walled tubes比例极限 proportional limit 边界条件 boundary conditions变截面梁 beam of variable cross section 变形 deformation 变形协调方程 compatibility equation标距 gage length 泊松比 Poissons ratio 补偿块 compensating block C材料力学 mechanics of materials 冲击荷载 impact load 初应力，预应力 initial stress 纯剪切 pure shear纯弯曲 pure bending脆性材料 brittle materials D 大柔度杆 long columns 单位荷载 unit load单位力偶 unit couple单位荷载法 unit-load method单向应力，单向受力 uniaxial stress等强度梁 beam of constant strength 低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue 电桥平衡 bridge balancing 电阻应变计 resistance strain gage 电阻应变仪 resistance strain indicator叠加法 superposition method叠加原理 superposition principle 动荷载 dynamic load断面收缩率 percentage reduction in area 多余约束 redundant restraint E 二向应力状态 state of biaxial stress F 分布力 distributed force复杂应力状态 state of triaxial stress 复合材料 composite material G 杆，杆件 bar 刚度 stiffness 刚架，构架 frame刚结点 rigid joint 高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue 各向同性材料 isotropical material 功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计 active strain gage工作应力 working stress 构件 structural member 惯性半径 radius of gyration of an area惯性积 product of inertia 惯性矩，截面二次轴距 moment of inertia广义胡克定律 generalized Hooks law H 横向变形 lateral deformation胡克定律 Hooks law滑移线 slip-lines J 基本系统 primary system畸变能理论 distortion energy theory畸变能密度 distortional strain energy density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩 polar moment of inertia极限应力 ultimate stress 极限荷载 limit load挤压应力 bearing stress剪力 shear force 剪力方程 equation of shear force 剪力图 shear force diagram 剪流 shear flow剪切胡克定律 Hooks law for shear剪切 shear 交变应力，循环应力 cyclic stress 截面法 method of sections 截面几何性质 geometrical properties of an area截面核心 core of section 静不定次，超静定次数 degree of a statically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题 statically indeterminate problem静定问题 statically determinate problem静荷载 static load 静矩，一次矩 static moment颈缩 necking K 开口薄壁杆 bar of thin-walled open cross section抗拉强度 ultimate stress in tension 抗扭截面系数 section modulus in torsion抗扭强度 ultimate stress in torsion 抗弯截面系数 section modulus in bending L拉压刚度 axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆 axially loaded bar 理想弹塑性假设 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption力法 force method 力学性能 mechanical properties 连续梁 continuous beam连续条件 continuity condition梁 beams 临界应力 critical stress 临界荷载 critical load M 迈因纳定律 Miners law名义屈服强度 offset yielding stress 莫尔强度理论 Mohr theory of failure 敏感栅 sensitive grid N 挠度 deflection挠曲轴 deflection curve 挠曲轴方程 equation of deflection curve 挠曲轴近似微分方程 approximately differential equation of the deflection curve 内力 internal forces 扭力矩 twisting moment 扭矩 torsional moment 扭矩图 torque diagram扭转 torsion 扭转极限应力 ultimate stress in torsion 扭转角 angel of twist扭转屈服强度 yielding stress in torsion 扭转刚度 torsional rigidity O 欧拉公式 Eulers formula P 疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限 endurance limit 疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳寿命 fatigue life偏心拉伸 eccentric tension 偏心压缩 eccentric compression 平均应力 average stress平面弯曲 plane bending 平面应力状态 state of plane stress 平行移轴定理 parallel axis theorem平面假设 plane cross-section assumption Q 强度 strength强度理论 theory of strength 强度条件 strength condition切变模量 shear modulus切应变 shear strain 切应力 shear stress 切应力互等定理 theorem of conjugate shearing stress 屈服 yield 屈服强度 yield strength全桥接线法 full bridge R 热应力 thermal stress S 三向应力状态 state of triaxial stress 三轴直角应变花 three-element rectangular rosette三轴等角应变花 three-element delta rosette 失稳 buckling伸长率 elongation 圣维南原理 Saint-Venants principle 实验应力分析 experimental stress analysis塑性变形，残余变形 plastic deformationductile materials塑性材料，延性材料塑性铰 plastic hinge T 弹簧常量 spring constant 弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性模量 modulus of elasticity体积力 body force 体积改变能密度 density of energy of volume change 体应变 volume strain W 弯矩 bending moment 弯矩方程 equation of bending moment 弯矩图 bending moment diagram弯曲 bending 弯曲刚度 flexural rigidity弯曲正应力 normal stress in bending 弯曲切应力 shear stress in bending 弯曲中心 shear center 位移法 displacement method 位移互等定理 reciprocal-displacement theorem稳定条件 stability condition稳定性 stability稳定安全因数 safety factor for stability X细长比，柔度 slenderness ratio 线性弹性体 linear elastic body 约束扭转 constraint torsion 相当长度，有效长度 equivalent length 相当应力 equivalent stress小柔度杆 short columns 形心轴 centroidal axis形状系数 shape factor 许用应力 allowable stress 许用应力法 allowable stress method 许用荷载 allowable load许用荷载法 allowable load method Y 应变花 strain rosette 应变计 strain gage应变能 strain energy应变能密度 strain energy density应力 stress应力速率 stress ratio 应力比 stress ratio 应力幅 stress amplitude应力状态 state of stress 应力集中 stress concentration 应力集中因数 stress concentration factor 应力寿命曲线，S-N曲线 stress-cycle curve 应力应变图 stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆 Mohrs circle for stresses Z 正应变 normal strain正应力 normal stress 中面 middle plane 中柔度杆 intermediate columns 中性层 neutral surface 中性轴 neutral axis 轴 shaft轴力 axial force 轴力图 axial force diagram轴向变形 axial deformation轴向拉伸 axial tension轴向压缩 axial compression主平面 principal planes主应力 principal stress 主应力迹线 principal stress trajectory主轴 principal axis主惯性矩 principal moment of inertia 主形心惯性矩 principal centroidal moments of inertia 主形心轴 principal centroidal axis 转角 angel of rotation转轴公式 transformation equation自由扭转 free torsion 组合变形 combined deformation组合截面 composite area最大切应力理论 maximum shear stress theory最大拉应变理论 maximum tensile strain theory 最大拉应力理论 maximum tensile stress theory 最大应力 maximum stress最小应力 minimum stress