Confined-Space-Entry---Environmental-Health-.ppt

Confined Spaces“Non-Permit”“Permit-Required”ETSU Confined SpacesPhysical Plants Confined Physical Plants Confined Space PolicySpace PolicyApproved October 17,2019Approved October 17,2019The space is not designed for continuous The space is not designed for continuous employee occupancyemployee occupancyThe space is large enough to enter and The space is large enough to enter and perform workperform workThe space has limited The space has limited means of entry and exitmeans of entry and exitConfined Space DefinedConfined Space Examples TanksTanks ManholesManholes BoilersBoilers FurnacesFurnaces SewersSewers HoppersHoppers VaultsVaults PipesPipes TunnelsTunnels BinsBins PitsPits SilosSilosNot Designed for Continuous Worker OccupancyMost confined spaces are not designed to enter Most confined spaces are not designed to enter and work in on a regular basis.and work in on a regular basis.The space encloses materials or processes.The space encloses materials or processes.Occasional worker entry for inspection,repair,Occasional worker entry for inspection,repair,cleanup,maintenance,etc.cleanup,maintenance,etc.Permit-Required Confined SpaceA Permit-Required Confined Space is a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:Contains or has the potential to Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous contain a hazardous atmosphere;atmosphere;Contains a material that has the Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an potential for engulfing an entrant;entrant;Has an internal configuration Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could such that an entrant could become trapped or asphyxiated;become trapped or asphyxiated;oror Contains any other serious Contains any other serious safety or health hazard.safety or health hazard.Non-Permit Confined Space A non-permit confined space does not contain or,with respect to atmospheric hazards,have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death of serious physical harm.A permit-required confined space can be reclassified as a non-permit space.ENTRY by Entrant The act by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space.Occurs during work activities when the entrants body breaks the plane of an opening into the spaceCategorizing the Work SpaceSpace large enough to enter&;Limited or Restricted entry or exit&;Not designed for continuous worker occupancy.NONot a Confined SpaceYESHazardous Atmosphere Engulfment Hazard Configuration Hazard Any other recognizedserious hazardPermit-Required Confined SpaceNonPermit-Required SpaceYESNOOrOrOr Confined SpaceTo reclassify a permit-required confined space,a pre-entry checklist shall be completed and certified by an entry supervisor prior to entry.Confined Space EntryThe checklist shall contain the date,the location of the space,and the signature of the person providing the certification.Pre-Entry ChecklistPhysical Plant employees shall follow the pre-entry procedures that establish safe entry for our employees.Pre-Entry ProceduresUnfavorable Natural VentilationLack of air movement in and out of the space can create an atmosphere much different than the outside atmosphere.Deadly gases can be trapped inside.Organic materials can decompose.May not be enough oxygen due to presence of other gases or chemical reactions such as rusting.Confined Space Entry-HazardsManholes often remaincovered for long periodsof time.Poisonous gases,such as hydrogen sulfidecan accumulate inside ofmanholes.H2SManholes may alsoaccumulate highlyflammable gasessuch as methane.CH4Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres19.5%19.5%Minimum acceptable oxygen level.Minimum acceptable oxygen level.15-19%15-19%Decreased ability to work strenuously.Decreased ability to work strenuously.Impair coordination.Early symptoms.Impair coordination.Early symptoms.12-14%12-14%Respiration increases.Poor judgment.Respiration increases.Poor judgment.10-12%10-12%Respiration increases.Lips blue.Respiration increases.Lips blue.8-10%8-10%Mental failure.Fainting.NauseaMental failure.Fainting.NauseaUnconsciousness.Vomiting.Unconsciousness.Vomiting.6-8%6-8%8 minutes-fatal,6 minutes-50%fatal8 minutes-fatal,6 minutes-50%fatal4-5 minutes-possible recovery.4-5 minutes-possible recovery.4-6%4-6%Coma in 40 seconds.DeathComa in 40 seconds.DeathOxygen Enriched AtmospheresOxygen level above 21%.Causes flammable and combustible materials to burn violently when ignited.Never use pure oxygen to ventilate.Never store or place compressed tanks in a confined space.Flammable AtmospheresCritical Factors:n nOxygen content in the air.Oxygen content in the air.n nPresence of a flammable gas,or vaporPresence of a flammable gas,or vaporn nPresence of dust (visibility of 5 or less)Presence of dust (visibility of 5 or less)Ignition Sources:(Hot Work Permit)n nSparking or electric toolSparking or electric tooln nWelding/cutting operationsWelding/cutting operationsn nSmokingSmokingHydrogen SulfideDecomposition of materials.Human waste.Rotten egg odor at low concentrations.Possibly no warning at high concentrations.PPMEffectTime10 ppm10 ppmPermissible Exposure LevelPermissible Exposure Level8 Hours8 Hours50-10050-100Mild Irritation-eyes,throatMild Irritation-eyes,throat1 Hour1 Hour 200-300 200-300Significant IrritationSignificant Irritation1 Hour1 Hour 500-700 500-700Unconsciousness,DeathUnconsciousness,Death1/2-1 Hour1/2-1 Hour 1000 1000Unconsciousness,DeathUnconsciousness,DeathMinutesMinutesCarbon MonoxideOdorless,Colorless Gas.Combustion By-Product.Quickly collapse at high concentrations.PPMEffectTime 50 50Permissible Exposure LevelPermissible Exposure Level8 Hours8 Hours 200 200Slight headache,discomfortSlight headache,discomfort3 Hours3 Hours 600 600Headache,discomfortHeadache,discomfort1 Hour1 Hour 1000-2000 1000-2000Confusion,nausea,headacheConfusion,nausea,headache2 Hours2 Hours 1000-2000 1000-2000Tendency to staggerTendency to stagger1 1/2 Hours1 1/2 Hours 1000-2000 1000-2000Slight heart palpitationSlight heart palpitation30 Min.30 Min.2000-2500 2000-2500UnconsciousnessUnconsciousness30 Min.30 Min.?Fresh outsideair is blown intothe space to diluteand removecontaminants,andsupply oxygen.O2If concentrations ofgases and vapors are found to be at harmful levels,the confined space must be ventilated beforeentry.Confined Space Entry-HazardsO2O2O2Fresh AirTesting The AtmosphereVerify presence of safe work atmosphere.Test at various depths of a confined space.n nTop,Middle,BottomAlwaysAlways test thetest theair at various levels air at various levels to be sure that theto be sure that theentire space is safe.entire space is safe.Good air near the Good air near the opening does NOT opening does NOT mean there is good mean there is good air at the bottom!air at the bottom!Methane is lighter than air.Methane is lighter than air.Carbon Monoxide is the Carbon Monoxide is the same as air.same as air.Hydrogen Sulfide is Hydrogen Sulfide is heavier than air.heavier than air.Emergency ProceduresCall911It It is is very very important important to to communicate communicate to to the the dispatcher dispatcher that that a a confined confined space rescue is necessary.space rescue is necessary.Should conditions develop which require extrication,and the entrant cannot get out of the confined space on their own,the attendant must call for emergency assistance at once!BARRIERS and BARRIERS and SIGNS must be SIGNS must be placed around any placed around any openings to protect openings to protect the entrants and the entrants and passers-by.passers-by.CAUTIONOpening in GroundKeep Out!Contractor Confined Space Entry Contractors must follow their own established Contractors must follow their own established confined space entry procedure.confined space entry procedure.A joint entry by ETSU employees and contractors A joint entry by ETSU employees and contractors will be coordinated by an ETSU entry supervisor.will be coordinated by an ETSU entry supervisor.Contractors must supply their own air monitors.Contractors must supply their own air monitors.Contractors are required to contact a Physical Contractors are required to contact a Physical Plant representative at the completion of an entry Plant representative at the completion of an entry to discuss any hazards confronted during the entry.to discuss any hazards confronted during the entry.VentilationFirst option to correct problems.First option to correct problems.Must be aware of hazards you are trying to Must be aware of hazards you are trying to correct in the confined space.correct in the confined space.Air intake in a safe location to draw fresh air only.Air intake in a safe location to draw fresh air only.Continuous ventilation whenever possible.Continuous ventilation whenever possible.Retest the confined space before entry.Retest the confined space before entry.IsolationLocking and tagging out electrical sources.Locking and tagging out electrical sources.Blanking and bleeding pneumatic and Blanking and bleeding pneumatic and hydraulic lines.hydraulic lines.Disconnecting mechanical drives and shafts.Disconnecting mechanical drives and shafts.Securing mechanical parts.Securing mechanical parts.Blanking sewer and water flow.Blanking sewer and water flow.Locking and tagging out shutoff valves.Locking and tagging out shutoff valves.RespiratorsAir-Purifying Respiratorsn nFilter dangerous substances from the air.Filter dangerous substances from the air.n nMust know the type and amount of Must know the type and amount of hazardous substance present in the hazardous substance present in the confined space.confined space.n nNEVER use with oxygen deficiency!NEVER use with oxygen deficiency!Air-Supplying Respiratorsn nDeliver a safe supply of breathing air from Deliver a safe supply of breathing air from a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby.a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby.Entrant ResponsibilitiesKnow the hazards of the space.Proper use of equipment in space.Communicate with the attendant.Places his/her lockout/tagout device on isolation point(s)before entryAlert the attendant whenever they recognize a dangerous situation.they recognize a dangerous situation.Detect a prohibited conditionDetect a prohibited conditionEntrant ResponsibilitiesExit from the space as quickly as possible whenever:An order to evacuate is given by the An order to evacuate is given by the attendant or entry supervisorattendant or entry supervisorThe entrant recognizes any warning signs of The entrant recognizes any warning signs of exposure or a dangerous situationexposure or a dangerous situationThe entrant detects a prohibited condition.The entrant detects a prohibited condition.The multi-gas detector alarmsThe multi-gas detector alarmsAttendant ResponsibilitiesKnows the hazards that might be faced during entryAware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure to the entrantMaintains a count of entrants in the spaceRemains outside the permit space during entry operationsAttendant ResponsibilitiesCommunicates with the entrants and alerts if evacuation is needed.Monitors activities inside and outside the space determining if it is safe.Performs non-entry rescue(tripod,non-entry retrieval device)Summon rescue services if person needs assistance to escape space(911)Entry Supervisor ResponsibilitiesKnows the hazards that may be faced during Knows the hazards that may be faced during entry,including mode,signs or symptoms,and entry,including mode,signs or symptoms,and consequences of exposure.consequences of exposure.Verifies that the appropriate entries have been Verifies that the appropriate entries have been made on the permit.made on the permit.Verifies that all tests specified by the permit Verifies that all tests specified by the permit have been conducted have been conducted Verifies that all procedures and equipment Verifies that all procedures and equipment specified by the permit are in place before specified by the permit are in place before approving the permit and allowing entryapproving the permit and allowing entryEntry Supervisor ResponsibilitiesTerminates the entry and cancels the permit as required when:The entry operations have been completedThe entry operations have been completedA condition that is not allowed under the A condition that is not allowed under the entry permit arises in or near the spaceentry permit arises in or near the space(Note:The employer shall retain the permit for(Note:The employer shall retain the permit for at least 1 year.Entry supervisor turn in at least 1 year.Entry supervisor turn in permits to Health&Safety at the Physical permits to Health&Safety at the Physical Plant.)Plant.)Entry Supervisor ResponsibilitiesVerifies that rescue services are available Removes unauthorized individuals who attempt to enter the permit spaceVerifies that acceptable entry conditions are maintained during entry and that all requirements of the permit are met.SummaryConfined spaces are generally classified into two categoriesPermit Required Have the potential Have the potential to contain serious to contain serious safety and health safety and health hazardshazardsNon Permit RequiredSummarySome common confined Some common confined space hazards include:space hazards include:Atmospheric hazardsAtmospheric hazardsMoving partsMoving partsTight spacesTight spacesEngulfment hazardsEngulfment hazardsSummaryThe Companys“entry permit system”is The Companys“entry permit system”is designed to ensure that confined space designed to ensure that confined space hazards are controlled during the entry hazards are controlled during the entry processprocessSummaryThe entry supervisor The entry supervisor makes sure all entry makes sure all entry procedures are procedures are followed as outlined followed as outlined on the entry permiton the entry permitSummaryThe standby attendant The standby attendant acts as the eyes and acts as the eyes and ears of the entry ears of the entry process,monitoring process,monitoring conditions both inside conditions both inside and outside the spaceand outside the spaceThe standby attendant The standby attendant may notmay not enter the enter the confined space during confined space during a rescue a rescue SummaryThe confined space The confined space entrants are the only ones entrants are the only ones authorized to enter a authorized to enter a confined spaceconfined spaceEntrants must know all Entrants must know all potential hazards,maintain potential hazards,maintain communications with the communications with the attendant and immediately attendant and immediately exit the space when exit the space when instructed to evacuateinstructed to evacuateSummaryEach member of the entry Each member of the entry team has a specific role to team has a specific role to play in the entry process play in the entry process By following the By following the requirements of the entry requirements of the entry permit system,the entry permit system,the entry team is able to work team is able to w