状语从句的讲解最全的状语从句讲解.doc

状语从句的讲解就是用一句话作状语分为：时间，地点，方式，原因，结果，条件，让步，目的，比较一、时间状语从句第一次见到你 一见到你 我就喜欢上了你直到见到你五岁时见到你When, as, while, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as no soonerthan scarcelywhen hardlywhen the minute the second the instant the moment by the time 截止 immediately instantly directlyeach time every time next time the first time on doing sthwhenwhile 当时as1. when 1）当时/ 延续性动词短暂性动词都可用2）这时/3）届时、到时 I was watching TV when my cellphone suddenly rang这时 When I was five years old I could speak five languages The wet weather will continue tommorow when a cold front is expected to arrive届时到时 注意：时间状语从句中动作发生有前后时先发生的用过去完成时When my mother came back I had already gone to bed.2. while 1）从句动词延续性 2）同时发生 3）对比的意味“然而” 4）趁着He taught himself while he worked in a bank 延续性动词当他在银行上班时While we were working they were having a rest.对比While they were having a discussion , they got very confused.同时I want the girls to experience that while they are young趁着她们还年轻我想让姑娘们体验一下对比：I prefer black tea, while he likes coffee3.As 1)当时2）一边.一边3)随着As the children walked along the street, they sang happily.当孩子们He sang as he danced一边 一边You will grow wiser as you grow older随着4.before 1）在前 2）前加一段时间 直到才 3)还没来得及 4)要过时间才Ill be back before you leaveIt may be many years before we meet again 可能要过很多年我们才能见面The students rushed outside before I could finished my word 还没等我讲完It will be three weeks before he finished his workIt wont be long before he finished his work. 用不了多久5.afterAfter my friend got married, she went to live in America6.since 自从 主句一般为现在完成时Weve never met since we graduated from the collegeGreat changes have taken place since you left7.till/untill肯定句中可互换 直到为止 否定句中只用notuntil直到才 Not until 放句首句子部分倒装（倒装主句）Donald will remain in college until/till he finished his PhD courseDonald wont leave college until he finished his PhD courseI wont go with you until I finished my homeworkNot until my mother came back did I go to bed8.as soon as I gave the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke.一看见冒烟就发出警报He will be set free as soon as the fine is paid9.the minute The second The instant瞬间片刻 立即的立刻的 素食的 The momentThe minute we got home, the telephone rang 10. no soonerthan Scarcelywhen HardlywhenI had no sooner got home than it began to rain.The fans had hardly seen the movie star when they criedThe fans had scarcely seen the movie star when they cried注意：他们提前句子部分倒装No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rainScarcely had the fans seen the movie star when they cried11.名词引导的时间状语从句 The first time I saw you I mistook you for a film star Next time I see you I will tell you the truth Every time/each time I see this picture I think of my hometown.12. On+ doing 一就 On arriving home, he discovered they had gone 一到家发现他们已经走了13.immediately instantly directly Immediately she had gone, I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字14.by the time 1)从句是一般现在时 主句用将来完成时 2）从句是一般过去时 主句用过去完成时By the time you receive this letter, I will have left this cityI shall have finished it by the time you come back 你回来以前我就做完了By the time I got there, the bus had already left.注意：as soon as after before 常与过去完成时连用After I had finished my homework I went to sleepBefore I went to sleep I had finished my homeworkAs soon as I had finished my homework I went ot sleep.但是 如果不强调时间的先后都可以用一般过去时After I finished my homework I went to sleep/二、地点状语从句一、Where在地方 wherever无论哪里 anywhere任何地方 everywhere到处1.whereYou should put the book where you found it We must camp where we can find waterYou had better make a mark where you have any questions.2.whereverwherever there is smoke, there is fireplease put the cup wherever that is convinient3.anywhereYou can put it anywhere you like I cant stay anywhere there are a lot of people4.everywhere Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.去到的每一处都看到同样的情况I have searched everywhere there is a clue二、与定语从句的区别1.定语从句中where是关系副词在从句中充当状语前面有表示地点的名词 状语从句中where是从属连词引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词整个句子做状语前面无先行词Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.Go back where you came fromGo back to the place where you came2.where 引导的状从可放在句首与句末都可 而where 引导的定语从句只放在句末三、练习1.he advised me to live_ the air is fresherA. in where B.in which C. the place where D. where2. in peace too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human sufferingA. whoever B.however C. whatever D.wherever3. if you are travelling_the customs are really foreign to you own . please do as the Romans do A. in which B. what C. when D. where三、原因状语从句Because since for as now that in that because of 既然鉴于 in as much as 既然鉴于in so far as鉴于 考虑到considering that seeing that given that For the reason that 由于原因 due to the fact that 由于事实 owing to the fact that1.because 1）语气最强 常放句末 2）回答why 的问句 3)强调句I missed the train because I got up late.He is disappointed because he failed again Because he failed again so he is disappointed错 不能出现so注意;because 前可以加程度副词 simply because just merely mainlyIt is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation2.since 语气弱一些表示对方已知的已经存在的原因“既然”常常放句首Since you are not interested, I wont tell you about itSince no one is against it, we will pass it 通过了3.as “由于表示较为明显的原因 常放句首As it is snowing, youd better take a taxiAs you request it , I will come4.for 1)表示猜测的原因 放句末 用逗号隔开 2)多用于书面语 不表示直接原因对前面的句子附带说明It must have rained last night, for the ground is wetI went to see him, for I had something to tell him.I want to be an engineer,for its my dream5.now that 既然=since表示新出现的情况促成某事的发生 放句首居多已经有的情况 目前的状况Steven, I heard that the flight ticket to America is cheap recently . Now that you have time, why not we go there together.Now that we cant change the fact, lets accept it.6. in that仅因为 就因为有限制意味 多用于否定中Some old people only remember happy things in that they cant get used to this fast societyI dont like sports in that I am good at it7. in as much as in so far as既然鉴于In so far as it is not my fault, I dont care.In as much as the debtor has no property, I abandon my claim8.considering that 考虑到鉴于补充说明She knows quite a lot about it, considering (that) she is very young.Considering that she is just a child, I am not very strict with her9.seeing that由于 因为 鉴于已有情况Seeing that hes been sick all week, he is unlikely to come today.Seeing that you live next door to Mr Black, you should recognize her.10. for the reason that 很正式的书面表达 Due to the fact that Owing to the fact that I left that country due to the fact that I cant accept its culture For the reason that Owing to the fact that11. given that 由于 鉴于 Given that you are new here, I will show you around.四、条件状语从句一、If unless=if not if only as long as = so long as on condition (that) in case假如 以防万一provided (that) = providing (that) suppose (that) = supposing (that) once 1. if 如果 1）真实条件句 2）非真实条件句（虚拟语气）If it doesnt rain we will go climbingIf you have any question, you can voice them now. 可以提出来主将从先 主情从现If I were a bird, I would fly2.unless=if notYou will be late, unless you hurry= Youll be late, if you dont hurryIf you dont visit him tomorrow, he will be angry= Unless you visit him tomorrow hell be angryI wont forgive you unless you apologize= I wont forgive you, If you dont apologize3.if only 只要如果 要是就好了Ill let you use my car, if only you return it 省略主句用虚拟If only he knew English4.in caseTake a coat in case the weather turns cold 主祈使从现In case I forget, please remind me about it如果我忘了请提醒我Ill give you my phone number in case you want to contact me 主将从现注意：in case of+ 名词表条件 以防 in that case在那种情况下In case of rain they cant go to the park 万一下雨 他们就不能去公园了In that case, he would be punished情况如此他就会收到惩罚5.as long as= so long as只要 如果 主将从现 主情从现As long as it doesnt rain, we can go to playAs long as/so long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficultyYou can go to see the film as/so long as you arrive on time 只要你按时到你就能去看这场电影注意：as long as 还有之久的意思You can keep it as long as you can = You can keep it as long as possible你可以尽量久地保留它6.on conditiong that 条件是 只要Ill come on conditon that Amy is invited too我可以来条件是艾米也被邀请了7.provided (that)= providing (that)Providing there is no objection, we shall make a decisionHe wont be against us in the meeting provided (that) we ask for his advice只要我们征求他的意见8.suppose (that)=supposing (that) 假如 假设Supposing it rains, shall we visit the museum?Suppose that you are a famous writer, do you like to write such a book?9.onceIll make friends once Im settled in Paris.二、时态的一致1.时间状语从句和条件状语从句中遵从主将从现 主情从现 主祈使从现Hell be a doctor when he finishes studying here.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well start出发If you get the book, let me know.If you like, you can stay here for the weekend.在这里过周末If you drink, dont drive2.如果谓语是want hope 等动词，则条件状从一般用一般现在时What do you want to do if you have much money?I hope to see her if Im free3.有些句子中主从句都用一般现在时If you ring this number, no one answersIf you press the switch, the computer comes on如果你按这个开关 计算机就会启动4.条件状从中也可用的will表示意愿If you wont go, you neednt go/wont go 如果你不愿意去，那就不去If youll just wait a moment, Ill find someone to help you 如果你愿意等一会我会找人帮你五、目的状语从句So that in order that lest以免 for fear that 唯恐 so that in case 以免1.so that为了I spoke slowly so that you could understand me.2.in order that 为了She raised her voice in order that she might be heard= she raised her voice so that she might be heard注意：in order that 与so that 可以改为不定式做目的状语= in order to do so as to do to doShe raised her voice so as to be heard 因为so as to do 不可以放句首In order to be heard she raised her voice = she raised her voice in order to be heardTo be heard she raised her voice = she raised her voice to be heard3.lest 以防 常用于虚拟语气 lest sb (should) doI wrote down the date of his birthday lest I should forget itI was afraid to open the door lest he should follow me4.for fear (that)常与虚拟连用 for fear that sb should/may/might do Shut the window for fear that it may rainHe took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain5.in caseHe took a gun in case he met any wild animals 他带上枪以防遇到野兽6. so 这样 为了Come to my house so I could tell you all about it He wrote the Bible in Enlish so all could read it 7.thatLets take the front seats that we may see more clearly.六、结果状语从句一、Sothat suchthat so that that so1. sothat 如此以至于 中间加形容词和副词He worked so hard that he passed the exam副词They were so excited that they cried out 如此激动以至于大喊大叫 形容词注意：1)So 位于句首句子倒装He was injured so badly that he had to be sent to the hospital.So badly was he injured that he had to be sent to the hospitalThe novel was so boring that he gave up reading it So boring was the novel that he gave up reading it2)如果结果状从是 否定可以替换成tooto.句型David was so careless that he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper.David was too careless to find the mistakes in his test paper.2.suchthat 加名词He was such a fool that he made a terrible mistakeThis book is written in such easy English that even little children can understand it.注意：such 位于句首倒装Such a good boy is he that we all love him注意：当有形容词的时候1） 中间加单数可数名词it gave him such a shock that his face turned white 使他如此震惊以至于他的脸都白了This is such a useful dictionary that Im thinking of buying itThis is so useful a dictionary that Im thinking of buying itHe is such a clever boy that all the teachers like himHe is so clever a boy that all the teachers like him2) 中间加不可数名词只用such对He showed such concern that people took him to be a friend他展示出如此的关心人们都把他当朋友了错He showed so concern that people took him to be a friend对It is such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park错It is so nice weather that all of us want to go to the park3).中间是负数可数名词They are such difficult problems that I dont know how to settle them.He made such a lot of mistakes that he had to give upThey are such fine teachers that we all respect them4）中间是much little many few 时 Such a little boy has so little difficulty in working out this difficult problem that I admire him very much 这样小的孩子解这道题遇到如此少的困难我很羡慕他He had so much work to do that he had to work late into the nightThere are so few notebooks the I cant give you any 笔记本太少 以至于我一本也不能给你There are many kinds of bikes that I dont know which to buy5) such= so + adjHis voice is such that we cant bear it3.so thatHe worked hard so that he passed the examI stayed up late last night so that I feel sleepy now4.that 以至于The weather is terribly hot that I want to have a shower three times a day5.so 以至于 结果He played computer games every day so he failed the final exam二、so that 即引导目的状语从句也引导结果状语从句目的 为了 结果 以至于 结果目的状从中常和 can could may might will would 等情态动词连用The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present能够买The little boy saved every coin so that he bought his mother a present，每一枚硬币结果买了He always studied hard so that he may make great progress这样他才可以取得（目的）He always studied hard so that he made great progress结果他取得了很大进步七、让步状语从句Though Although Even if Even though as while However+adj/adv= no matter howWhatever= no matter what whoever= no matter who whomever=no matter whomWhichever=no matter which wherever=no matter where whenever=no matter whenDespite in spite of 1.although=though 尽管 虽然它们不可以与but 连用但是可以与yet still连用Although/though he is tired, he (still) keeps on working hard2. as Though 用倒装表示让步 尽管虽然 1).倒装名词Although/though he is a child, he can speak five languagesChild though/as he is, he can speak five languages2)倒装副词Although/though he works hard, he makes little progressHard though/as he works, he makes little progress3)倒装动词Although/though you may object, Ill carry out the experiment.Object though/as you may, Ill carry out the experiment.4)倒装形容词Tired though/as he is, he (still) keeps on working hardAmazing as it may seem Wednesday night was a quiet night.3.while尽管虽然While I understand your point of view, I do not share it尽管我理解你的观点但是我不苟同4.even if even though 即使 尽管语气比although though 强烈Well make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好我们也要做一次旅行You should try to be ni