1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs非谓语动词动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式1.谓语动词:谓语动词:概述:概述:2.非谓语动词:非谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子一个句子一个句子一个句子当中,当中,当中,当中,已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句主句主句(谓语动词)(谓语动词)(谓语动词)(谓语动词),又没有又没有又没有又没有连词连词连词连词的情况下的情况下的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出
2、现时还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but leftherhandbagonherseat.1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主非谓语动词大都可在句
3、中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等定语、状语等.4.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.Imgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou(作主语)(作主语)(作宾语)作宾语)(作宾补)(作宾补)(作表语)作表语)(作定语)(作定语)(作原因状语)(作原因状语)(作目的状语)(作目的状语)(作结果状语)(作结果
4、状语)12.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语)作主语)(作宾语)作宾语)(作宾补)作宾补)(作表语)作表语)(作状语)作状语)(作定语)作定语)动词不定式(动词不定式(TheInfinitive)一一.动词不定式的基本构成:动词不定式的基本构成:由不定式符号t
5、o加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式:肯定式:todosth否定式:否定式:nottodosth.被动式:被动式:tobedone完成式:完成式:tohavedone二二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词,形容词和动词不定式有副词,形容词和名词的特征,因此在句中可作名词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。语定语、状语等成份。动动词词不不定定式式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinis
6、hitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾宾补补(1)作主语作主语 不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注:注:常用常用it做形式主语,将做形式主语,将todo放在位于放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。之后,使句子保持平衡。句型句型1:I
7、t+谓语谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_gettherebybus.句型句型2:Its+n.+todoItsourduty_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_spendourholidayinthemountains句型句型3:Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth(是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的)(是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的)Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforust
8、obepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.常见动词有:常见动词有:口诀:想要决定同意,希望许诺选择口诀:想要决定同意,希望许诺选择want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作宾语作宾语 Iwanttoknowthismat
9、ter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等等Idontexpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted_(get)onthebus,didntthey?1.Theywanted_(get)onthebus,didntthey?2.Hesaidhewished_(be)aprofessor
10、.2.Hesaidhewished_(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)when4.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.shewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised_(give)meahand.5.Hehadpromised_(give)meahand.B.常跟疑问词常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词不定式作宾语的动词:tel
11、l,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explainknow,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihopeyoulladvisemewhattodo.Idontknowhowtogetthere.Ihaventdecidedwhethertogoorstay.+1.Boys,dontforget_thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.c
12、losedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Remember_thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(3)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock.2.Illg
13、etsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim_changehismind?4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme_dotheworkwithhimadviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest+2).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwou
14、ldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime.Lookatthehorsejump.注意:注意:当这类动词转为被动语态时,当这类动词转为被动语态时,其后的不定式则要加上其后的不定式则要加上“to”如:如:Heisoftenheard_thesongHewasseen_theroom.tosingtoenter4.it作形式宾语作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminterestingIfind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim注意:注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往
15、往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought_better_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat.4.Wethink_important_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_impossible_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使句子完整、正确用括号内所给
16、动词的适当形式填空,使句子完整、正确。1.Letme_(help)you_(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy_outofthewindow.A.nottolookB.tonotlookC.dontlookD.notl
17、ookhelp(to)watertotakecrytocry 5.I have something to tell you.(不定式作不定式作定语定语)1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?Do you have anything to be washed today?(区别主被动)区别主被动)2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the las
18、t to leave the room.4)不定式为不及物动词时,须加介词不定式为不及物动词时,须加介词 He is looking for a room to live in.1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosa
19、y.pleasefindapieceofpaper(写上)写上)4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?Ihavenopen(写)写)towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语动词不定式做定语注意:注意:如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。如:如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。如:HeislookingforaroomtoliveinPleasegivemeaknifetocutwith(5)作状语作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcit
20、edtohearthenewsHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim(目的目的)(原因原因)(结果结果)(条件条件)动名词动名词(gerund)一一.动名词的基本构成动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二二.动名词的性质动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点,具体表现为:动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点,具体表现为:1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudo
21、ntmindmysayingit.2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三三.动名词的功用动名词的功用1.可作主语可作主语SeeingisbelievingReading newspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.no use no good no fun Its+a shame +doing a waste of time/money useless dangerousThereisno+doing.Itisnousecryi
22、ng.ItisnogoodobjectingLookingafterthepatientsisanursesjob.Itsdangerousplayingwithfire.Itsawasteoftimecopyingothershomework.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.2.可作宾语可作宾语S.+vt.+doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,常见的在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,常见的
23、这类动词有:这类动词有:避免错过避免错过(少)延期延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成建议完成(多)练习练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象喜欢想象禁不住禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/canthelp承认承认否定否定(与)嫉妒嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱逃脱冒险冒险(莫)原谅原谅escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受忍受保持保持(不)在意在意standkeep/keeponmind注:在动词注:在动词advise,allow,advise,allow,forbid(fo
24、rbid(禁止禁止),permitpermit(允许)(允许)等后,如果没有人称宾语,后跟等后,如果没有人称宾语,后跟动名词;如果有人称宾语则后跟动名词;如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如不定式。例如 Wedontallowpeopletofish here.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。People arenot allowedtofish here.人们不准在这儿钓鱼。人们不准在这儿钓鱼。prefer.to.lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincanthelpfeellikebebusybewor
25、thhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)作介词作介词/短语动词的宾语短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doinge.g.Shesattherewithout(speak)Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.Areyouusedto(live)therealone?Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldnthelp(laugh).Idontfeellike(go)toseethefilm.Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.主动表被动主动表被动:want(需要)need(需要)require
26、(需要)Sth.+doingbeworth(值得)使用动名词作宾使用动名词作宾语时,用主动形语时,用主动形式表达被动含义式表达被动含义tobedone使用不定式作使用不定式作宾语时,依然宾语时,依然用被动形式表用被动形式表达被动含义达被动含义Theroomwants(clean).Themethodneeds(improve).Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).Theproblemneeds(workout).Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)d)动词)动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示后接动名词表示“习惯性动作
27、习惯性动作”,后接不定式表示,后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作心理或一次具体动作”。当用在当用在should,would之后时,只跟不定式之后时,只跟不定式。例如:。例如:Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketo swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳,但今天我不愿去游泳。我喜欢游泳,但今天我不愿去游泳。Whatwouldyouliketo eat tonight?你今晚上想吃什么?你今晚上想吃什么?Stop;forget;try;Mean;goon;OthersExamples五.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语
28、,构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).物主代词物主代词/名词所有格名词所有格+动名词动名词在句中作主语在句中作主语:Maryscominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rosesgoingwontbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格人称代词宾格/名词名词+动名词动名词在句中作宾语在句中作宾语:Imsureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanb
29、eingapilot.IdontmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.分词:分词:Participles一一分词的概述分词的概述1.分词是分词是“非谓语动词非谓语动词”的另一种形式,它有两种形式:的另一种形式,它有两种形式:现现在分词(在分词(PresentParticiple)和过去分词()和过去分词(PastParticiple)。)。2.现在分词:现在分词:doing过去分词:规则动词过去分词:规则动词V+ed不规则动词不规则动词3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、定语状
30、语和宾语补足语。作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词的区别:现在分词与过去分词的区别:1.语态上:语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.2.时态上:时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater二、分词的作用二、分词的作用1、作定语、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的
31、名词分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后,之前,称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。称为后置定语。(1)前置定语)前置定语Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.Theresasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。我们只卖用过的书。(2)后置定语)后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词,放在被修饰的名词现在
32、分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词,放在被修饰的名词前;如果是短语,放就放在被修饰的名词之后。前;如果是短语,放就放在被修饰的名词之后。Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。(3)分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后,)分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。如:相当于一个定语从句。如:Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。想加入本俱乐部
33、的人在这里签名。Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被严重困扰,这个人几乎失去了记忆。由于被严重困扰,这个人几乎失去了记忆。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.(4)过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:表示被动和)过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:表示被动和完成,只表完成。如:完成,只表完成。如:thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题昨天讨论的问题(既表示被动也表示完成)(既表示被动也表示完成)thefallen
34、leaves落下的树叶落下的树叶(只表示完成,不表示被动只表示完成,不表示被动)2、作表语、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如:分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如:Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街
35、上走。我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。我们发现小孩睡着了。A)Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB)Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语四、作状语现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopof
36、thetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhav
37、egrownbetter.Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.Theycameintotheclassroom,singing and laughing.andtheyweresinginglaughingTo servethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.Inordertoservethepeoplewell判断下列句子正误:判断下列句子正误:1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterw
38、illboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.判断句子正误并改正:判断句子正误并改正:1,Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.2.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.3,BrokenbyJim,Icantusethecup.将下列状语从句改为非谓语将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语:短语作状语:1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewentho
39、me.Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1.Notknowingheraddress,Icantwritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.5.Hearingherfriendwasbad-lyhurt,sheburstintotears.6.Kn
40、owinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.不定式时态、语态的用法不定式时态、语态的用法1.1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用一般时态不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用一般时态不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用一般时态不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用一般时态 HewantedtoseeyouHewantedtoseeyou2.2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用进行时态强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用进行时态强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用进行时态强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereading
41、abookWhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovelHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.3.强调强调强调强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.Imsogladtohaveseenyou.Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.Imsogladtohaveseeny
42、ou.Thegroundissowet,ItmusthaverainedlastnightThegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight 不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法.A,A,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时,用被动语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时,用被动语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时,用被动语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时,用被动语态SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(宾语宾语宾语宾语)Th
43、ebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合或叫合或叫合或叫合 Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主主主主 语语语语)B.B.句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,尽管不定式与被修饰词是被句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,尽管不定式与被修饰词是被句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,尽管不定式与被修饰词是被句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,尽管不定式与被修饰词是被C.C
44、.动关系,也还要用主动语态动关系,也还要用主动语态动关系,也还要用主动语态动关系,也还要用主动语态1,GivehimsomebooktoreadDoyouhaveanyclothestowash?1,GivehimsomebooktoreadDoyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easydifficulthardpleasantinterestingexciting2,S+be+easydif
45、ficulthardpleasantinterestingexcitingcomfortable+todocomfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteachThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,ThehouseistoletThemanageristoblame.Thereasonis3,ThehouseistoletThemanageristoblame.Thereasonisnotfartoseek.notfartoseek.4Therebe4
46、Therebe句型中,主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同句型中,主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同句型中,主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同句型中,主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)现在没事干现在没事干现在没事干现在没事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)现在没什现在没什现在没
47、什现在没什么办法么办法么办法么办法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)没有东西值得看没有东西值得看没有东西值得看没有东西值得看ThereisnothingtobeseenThereisnothingtobeseen看不见有什么东西看不见有什么东西看不见有什么东西看不见有什么东西分词时态、语态的用法分词时态、语态的用法如果强调分词表示的动作如果强调分词表示的动作如果强调分词表示的动作如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成形式。发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成形
48、式。发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成形式。发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.Havingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhapp
49、y.分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的,要用被动语态系时被动的,要用被动语态系时被动的,要用被动语态系时被动的,要用被动语态1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksm
50、orebeautiful.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_manystudents.(follow)3.Theteachercamein,_manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_bymanystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowingfollowedfollowed 如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时,要用分词的进行时态。如果