英语句子成分ppt解析.ppt

句子成分句子成分主语主语Ex.1.名词作主语名词作主语 Mr.Chen is a well-known scientist.陈先生是个著名的科学家。陈先生是个著名的科学家。2.代词作主语代词作主语 They are good teachers.3.数词数词数词词组作主语数词词组作主语1）Two will be enough.两个就够了。两个就够了。2）Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school.在我们学校，三分之二的学生是男生。在我们学校，三分之二的学生是男生。4.不定式短语作主语不定式短语作主语 To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.在昆明湖游泳是件非常快乐的事。在昆明湖游泳是件非常快乐的事。To do作主语时可以放在后面，用 it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。It is not an easy thing to learn a language.It is not an easy thing for us to learn a language.此句式中不定式的逻辑主语由for引出时.Its very nice of you to help me.It 做形式主语时存在的两种结构：Its for sb.和和 Its of sb1）for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：Its very hard for him to study two languages.2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Its very nice of you to help me.for 与of 的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard.(不通，因此应用for。)5.动名词作主语动名词作主语Singing is one of my interests.唱歌是我的兴趣之一。唱歌是我的兴趣之一。6.名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。富人应该帮助穷人。7.从句作主语从句作主语 What we shall do next is not decided.接下来要做什么还没有决定。接下来要做什么还没有决定。8.it 作形式主语作形式主语 It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。她是否来这无关紧要。9.there be 结构结构 there be 结构是一种特殊的句子，结构是一种特殊的句子，there 占占据着主语的位置，而真正的主语放在动词据着主语的位置，而真正的主语放在动词之后，表示之后，表示“有有”的含义。在这里的的含义。在这里的there 不同于副词不同于副词there，在构成疑问句时，在构成疑问句时，there 起着主语的作用。起着主语的作用。Therere lots of gardens in Suzhou,arent there?苏州有很多园林，对吧？苏州有很多园林，对吧？1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.介介词词不能作主不能作主语语There is an apple on the table.An apple is there on the table.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测主语小测 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?翻译下翻译下列句子列句子.1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。单选：单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaiforExplo 2010 nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They谓语谓语（谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。担任，放在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearestudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!复合谓语：情态动词复合谓语：情态动词助动词助动词+v Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Dontlaughatothers!Dontcomebacklatetonight.祈使句：祈使句：1.省略主语省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形找出下列句子的谓语找出下列句子的谓语1.Idontlikethepictureonthewall.2.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?3.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?按要求找出下列句子的主谓：按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）（谓）3.Dontgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike（主谓）（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）（主谓）主谓小测主谓小测祈使句祈使句,省略主语省略主语you1.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：单选：Itsadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是的的形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语tofinish3._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语动名词做主语感官动词感官动词+adj.宾语宾语：宾语：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。动词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Heisafraidofher-hisheadteacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介词后面的宾语：介词后面的宾语：介宾介宾注意：人称代词要用注意：人称代词要用宾格宾格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.sheHegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间间接接宾语宾语(sb)+直接直接宾语宾语(sth)：双双宾宾IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?找出下列句子的宾语找出下列句子的宾语5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime.系动词1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一一词词Heisateacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。系动词系动词3）表像系动词，用来表示）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词，主要有）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet.5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHe became mad after that.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn outThe rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。表语表语表语 表语：说明主语的身份、职业、状态、表语：说明主语的身份、职业、状态、性质和特征的句子成分，一般由名词、形性质和特征的句子成分，一般由名词、形容词，相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或容词，相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，常位于系动词之后，与之构成句子充当，常位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。系表结构。1.名词作表语名词作表语 I am a teacher.我是一名教师。我是一名教师。2.代词作表语代词作表语 That is something we have to keep in mind.那是我们得记在心里的事。那是我们得记在心里的事。3.形容词作表语形容词作表语 The children mustnt go hungry.孩子们不能挨饿。孩子们不能挨饿。4.数词作表语数词作表语 Three times seven is twenty one.三乘以七等于二十一。三乘以七等于二十一。5.分词作表语分词作表语 This years sales figures are quite encouraging.今年的销售量很鼓舞人心。今年的销售量很鼓舞人心。6.动名词作表语动名词作表语 His first job was selling computers.他的第一份工作是卖电脑。他的第一份工作是卖电脑。7.不定式作表语不定式作表语 All you have to do is to listen.你只需要听。你只需要听。8.介词短语作表语介词短语作表语 They are on the playground now.他们现在在操场上。他们现在在操场上。9.词组作表语词组作表语 That would be a great weight off my mind.这将了却我的一件心事。这将了却我的一件心事。10.从句作表语从句作表语 This is where our basic interest lies.这是我们的根本利益所在。这是我们的根本利益所在。表语可以用下面这些东西表示：表语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.She was the first to arrive.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()He is out of danger.()1.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()2.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词定语定语定语定语用来修饰名词或代词定语用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词代词(如如something)时时,或者是短语或定语或者是短语或定语从句作定语从句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。边。练习：练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句从句)1.Thebeautifulsightattractsmanytouristseveryyear.(_)beautiful,形容词形容词;many,数词。数词。2.Thewalletonthedeskismine.(_)3.Thedemandingbosswasntsatisfiedwithmywork.(_)demanding,现在分词现在分词;my,形容词性代词形容词性代词。onthedesk,介词短语介词短语。4.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.(_)5.Heisoneofthestudentsthathavebeenlate.(_)beingrepaired,现在分词短语现在分词短语;our,形形容词性代词容词性代词。one,数词数词;thathavebeenlate,定语从句定语从句6.Theexcitedboysburstintocheers.(_)7.Awomanpoliceofficerwaspraisedforhergoodwork.(_)woman,名词名词;good,形容词。形容词。excited,过去分词。过去分词。状语状语状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词词,或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,作作状语的典型词类是副词状语的典型词类是副词,也可以是介词也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。练习：练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句式、分词、状语从句)。1.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.(_)carefully,副词副词;athome,介词词组。介词词组。todosomeshopping不定式作目的状不定式作目的状语语;onSunday介词短语表时间。介词短语表时间。2.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(_)3.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(_)4.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.(_)Feelingtired,现在分词短语表原因现在分词短语表原因;withoutsupper,介词短语表方式。介词短语表方式。WhenIgrowup,时间状语从句。时间状语从句。5.Helosthisjobbecauseofhislackofpatience.(_)6.Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.(_)Broughtupinthecountry,过去分词短过去分词短语表原因语表原因。Becauseofhislackofpatience介词短语表介词短语表原因。原因。补足语补足语补足语补充说明主语的称为主语补足语补充说明主语的称为主语补足语;补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词足语的典型词类是形容词,也可以是名也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。和过去分词等。练习：练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当的它是由什么充当的(名词、形容词、介词短语、名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词)。1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.(_)2.Hetreatedhismistakeasajoke.(_)asajoke,介词词组。介词词组。monitor名词名词3.Weheardhersingingasong.(_)4.Hetoldmetomakemyowndecision.(_)tomakemyowndecision,动词不定式动词不定式singingasong,现在分词短语。现在分词短语。5.Ithinkitwrongofhimtodoso.(_)6.Hewatchedawormcaughtbyabird.(_)caughtbyabird,过去分词短语。过去分词短语。wrong,形容词。形容词。同位语同位同位语语：当当当当两两两两个个个个指指指指同同同同一一一一事事事事物物物物的的的的句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分放放放放在在在在同同同同等等等等位位位位置置置置时时时时，一一一一个个个个句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分用用用用来来来来说说说说明明明明和和和和解解解解释释释释另另另另一一一一个个个个句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分，这这这这个句子成分就叫做它的同位个句子成分就叫做它的同位个句子成分就叫做它的同位个句子成分就叫做它的同位语语语语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是是we的同位的同位语语，都是指同一批，都是指同一批学生学生”）Weallarestudents.(all是是we的同位的同位语语，都指同，都指同样样的的我我们们）简单句的简单句的五种基本句型五种基本句型英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：（主谓间宾（主谓间宾直宾）直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：（主谓宾宾（主谓宾宾补）补）基本句型一 主谓（S+V）S+VShe cooks.He is working.What he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.基本句型一 主谓SVShecooksHeisworkingWhathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型二 主系表SVPHeishappy.Everything looksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型三 主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyareplayingenjoyssaidEnglisheveryday.football.reading.“Goodmorning.”基本句型四 SV（及物）（及物）O（多指人多指人）O（多指物）多指物）Igivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.基本句型四SV（及物）（及物）OOIgivehimabook.Mymother boughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.基本句型五S+V（及物）（及物）+O(宾语宾语)+C（宾补）（宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.基本句型五SV（及物）（及物）O(宾语宾语)C（宾补宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.【句子操练句子操练分析句子练习分析句子练习1.Theyworkhard.2.Theflowerisdead.3.Plantsneedwater.4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.Theapplestastedsweet.7.ShallIcallyouataxi?8.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.9.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.10.Allofusconsiderhimhonest.11.Theyhavesetthethieffree.12.Heaskedustojoininthegame.13.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.14.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.15.Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.16.Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.17.Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman.18.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.19.Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.【】1.It was yesterday _ Xiao Ming finished all his homework.A.that B.when C.where D.at【】2.You are not in Grade Two,_you?A.arent B.are C.do D.dont【】3.She has never read the book before,_?A.has she B.hasnt she C.is she D.isnt she【】4.-I want to go shopping this afternoon.What about you?_.A.So did I B.So I did C.So I do D.So do I ABAD【】5.Its time for supper now.Lets _ it.A.stop to have it B.stop having C.to stop to have D.stopping to have【】6._ lovely she smiles!A.How B.How a C.What D.What a【】7.Thank you for _ me with my English.A.help B.helped C.helping D.helps【】8.-Would you please _ the shoes on the floor?-Im sorry.I wont do it again.A.not throw B.dont throw C.not to throw D.didnt throw AACA【】9.Lily has not visited many places of great interests in China._.A.So has her twin sister B.Neither is her twin sister C.So her twin sister D.Neither has her twin sister【】10.Dont _ books again!You must be careful _ now on.A.lost,from B.lose,from C.lost,since D.lose,since DB