英语教学法之直接法.ppt

The Direct Method直 接 法Background A reaction against the Grammar-Translation Method.In the mid and late 19th century,European industry developed rapidly.The rapid development of linguistics,psychology and education.The language teaching innovation turned into the Reform Movement in language teaching.The foundation of the IPA and other organizations.Theoretical Basis Direct means takes the place of translation as the main technique in foreign language learning.Speech patterns should be the fundamental elements of language.Spoken language is a learnable system of sounds,and sounds are best described by phonetic transcription.Sentence is regarded as a more useful unit of language instruction than word,and a verb is no less important than a noun.Main features:1.The first language and translation exercises are completely avoided.2.Grammar is learned inductively through listening and speaking activities(an explicit grammar rule may never be given).3.Oral communication skills are basics and correct pronunciation is emphazised.Basic Principles Objectives:1.To foster the students ability to communicate in the target language.2.To help students exprss themselves without referring to their mother tongue.Techniques:1.Direct association2.Question and answer exercises3.Conversation practice4.Error correction5.Dictation Inductive teaching of grammar:1.Listening comprehension task2.Graded compositionExemplification:1.Presentation by direct association2.Oral practice in the target language3.Consolidation with written workAdvantages:1.Form the habit of thinking in the target language.2.Achieve automaticity of using the target language.Summary and Comments3.Pay special attention to pronunciation and intonation.4.Regarding lisening and speaking as the basis of reading and writing is strategic in fostering the four skills.5.Make foreign language learning more natural and efficient.Disadvantages:1.Overemphazing the similarities between naturalistic first language acquision and classroom foreign language learning results in the exclusive tone.2.Without explicit grammar explanantion,students lack a necessary knowledge of the target language.3.The Direct Method places a high demand on teachers.