上海牛津英语5B语法知识点复习.doc

5B语法知识点复习M1U1 What a mess1. What a mess! 多么混乱啊 = How mess it is! 感叹句 what引导的句型What + a/an 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！ e.g. What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！ How 引导的句型 How 形容词/ 副词主语谓语！ e.g. How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！2. 代词 形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词 e.g. my watch, his cousin, our school 名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词，故其后不能再加名词，可单独使用。 e.g. - Is that your bike? - No. Mine is blue. - 那是你的自行车么？ - 不。我的（自行车）是蓝的。名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 e.g. Thisisherscarf. = Thisscarfishers. 这是她的围巾。人称代词我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 词 性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs我自己你自己他自己她自己它自己我们自己你们自己他们自己反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves3. whose 提问谁的 e.g. - Whose school bag is this? - Its mine. - 这是谁的书包？ - 它是我的（书包）。4. 复数 this 这 - these 这些 that 那 those 那些5. tidy up the room 整理房间6. on the sofa 在沙发上7. 名词所有格 BenandKittysbedroom（两者共有的房间）BensandKittysbedroom（两者各自的房间）8. a lot of 许多（既可用在可数名词也可以用在不可数名词）= many（可数）= much（不可数）9. should 应该（情态动词） should + do（动词原形） e.g. We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。10. fall onto the floor 落在地上11. be careful 小心12. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物13. pick up 捡起M1U2 Watch it grow1. 一般过去时 定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。（关键）justnow，yesterday，lastweek，thismorning等。构成：主语动词的过去式其他动词过去式的变化规则：一般在动词原形末尾加ed e.g. play - played，listen - listened，want wanted，enjoy enjoyed结尾是e的动词，加d e.g. live - lived，like - liked，taste - tasted辅音字母y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed e.g. study - studied，cry - cried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed e.g. stop - stopped，plan - planned不规则变化am/is - was， are - were， have had， come came， become became， make made， eat ate， put put 2. aninterestinginsect 一种有趣的昆虫3. agreencaterpillar 一条绿色的毛毛虫4. likeeatingleaves 喜欢吃叶子 like doing sth. 喜欢（做）某事5. abrowncocoon 一个棕色的茧子6. makealotofsilk 产许多的蚕丝7. comeout 出来8. lay eggs 产蛋9. cryinmybed 在我的床上哭泣10. born 出生 be bornin,on等，表示“出生的时间，地点”e.g. Little Justine isborninariver 小贾斯汀出生在一条河里。IwasbornonMay5，inShanghai 我在5月5日出生于上海。11. catchflies/catchafly 抓苍蝇12. First Next Then Finally 首先 其次 然后 最后M1U3 How noisy1. 动词过去式不规则变化：do did， hear heard， sit sat， can could2. want to read a book 想要读一本书 want to do sth. 想要做某事3. sitonthesofa 坐在沙发上4. watch a cartoon 看动画片5. atCitySquare 在城市广场6. enjoytheloudmusic 喜欢喧闹的音乐7. haveagreatfun 玩得愉快8. play sth. for sb. = play sb. sth. 为某人表演（演奏）9. loud louder（比较级）- loudest （最高级）表示两者“比较”时用比较级，结构为：比较级than，表示“xx比xxx更”形容词比较级的构成规则：一般在词尾加er e.g.taller，longer，stronger，younger字母e结尾，只加r e.g.latelater，nicenicer以辅音字母y结尾，变y为i，再加er e.g.heavyheavier双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er e.g.fatfatter，thinthinner，bigbigger双音节和多音节词的比较级，在原级前加more e.g.morebeautiful，morecareful不规则变化 e.g.good-better，many/much-more，far-farther，bad/ill-worse三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较，用形容词最高级结构为：the+形容词最高级in/of等表示范围的短语，表示“最”。 e.g. He wants to hear the loudest noise in the world. 他想听到世界上最大的噪声。10. must 必须（情态动词） must + do（动词原形） 11. after that 从那以后12. become quiet 变得安静了M2U1 Food and drinks1. have for breakfast 为早餐准备了。2. sound healthy 听起来健康3. either 表示也，通常只用于否定句，且要放在句末 e.g. I dont know, either. 我也不知道。too 表示也，一般用在肯定句中，放在句末 e.g. I am going to see the film, too. 我也正打算去看电影。 4. sth. is important = Itsimportanttodosth.e.g. Breakfastisimportant.（早餐是重要的。）= Itsimportanttohavebreakfast.（吃早餐很重要。） 5. favourite. = like best e.g. Applesaremyfavouritefood. (苹果是我最喜欢的食物) = Ilikeapplesbest.（我最喜欢苹果。）6. keep away 远离,离远一点 e.g. An apple a day keeps the doctor away! 一天一苹果，医生远离我! sb. keep sth./sb. away 某人离某物/某人远一点e.g. We must keep the matches away from the fire. 我们必须使这些火柴远离火烛。keep sb./sth. (away) from sth./sb. 让远离e.g. Keep the child away from the barking dog. 让这小孩离那只狂叫的狗远一些。7. 名词复数 tomato tomatoes ; potato potatoes ; mango mangoes (芒果) ; hero heroes (英雄)8. 反义词 healthy unhealthy 健康 不健康; happy unhappy 高兴 不高兴 9. in the fridge 在冰箱里10. a hole in the wall 墙上一个洞11. do some exercise做一些锻炼 exercise 不可数名词.（身体或脑部的）活动,锻炼,运动 e.g. take exercise 锻炼身体 可数名词.（保持健康或培养技能的）一套动作,训练活动,练习 e.g. do morning exercises 做早操12. sth. happen to sb. 表示某人出了某事 (常指不好的事发生在某人身上)e.g. Whathappenedtoyou? = Whatwaswrong/thematterwithyou? 你怎么啦？ sb. happen todosth. 表示某人碰巧做某事13. in the end 最后M2U2 Films1. shall作为助动词，一般用于第一人称和We，表示一个将来的动作,构成将来时。Shall后面接动词原形。e.g. We shall have a good time in the park. 我们在公园里会玩得很高兴的. Shall 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。 e.g. What shall we do this evening? 今晚我们能做什么？2. There are three films on at City Cinema. 在城市影院有三部电影在上映。句意有两个部分，第一部分要断在on，即：there are three films on - 有三部电影在上映（be on - 上映）；第二部分 at city cinema - 在城市影院3. which 提问哪一个,哪一些 e.g. Which one do you want to see? 你想看哪一个？4. next time 下一次5. leave home 离开家6. ticketoffice售票处7. start in five minutes在五分钟内开场8. have a look看一看9. a magic mirror一面魔法镜子10. takeinto a forest 带进入一个森林11. fair fairest公平的 最公平的12. fallasleep入睡13. wake up醒过来14. find out找到15. 反义词 fallasleep - wake up 入睡 - 醒过来; entrance exit 入口 出口M2U3 School subjects1. what about (doing) sth. = how about (doing) sth.2. Its time to do sth = its time for +名词 e.g. Its time for class. = Its time to have class.3. have a short break稍作休息 = have a rest 4. from to 表示从至；从到 e.g. Lunch is from eleven to two. 从十一点到两点开午饭。5. because 表示原因，语气较强，可用来回答why提出的问题e.g. - Why do you like English ? 你为什么喜欢英语？ - Because it is interesting. 因为它很有趣。6. learn things every day每天学东西7. countfromonetoten从一数到十8. on the paper 在纸上9. lookathispapercarefully仔细看他的纸10. colourhispicture给他的图画上色11. at first起初，当初12. at last 终于；结果M3U1 Signs1. No smoking! = Dont smoke! 禁止吸烟！2. No swimming! = Dont swim! 禁止游泳！3. Dont litter! = Dont leave rubbish! = No littering! 不要乱扔垃圾！4. Dont walk on the grass! 不要践踏草坪！5. Dont ride your bicycle. = No bicycles! 不要骑自行车！6. Dont play football. = No footballs! 不要踢足球！7. Dont walk your dog here. = No dogs! 不要把你的狗带到这！8. - What does the sign mean? = Whats the meaning of the sign? 这个标志是什么意思？ - It means 它的意思是。9. have a picnic 举行野餐10. want to do sth. 想要做某事11. must 必须（情态动词） mustnt 禁止/不允许 must / mustnt + do（动词原形）12. get out of here 从这出去13. on the bench 在长椅上14. throw rubbish 扔垃圾15. on the way to 在去。的路上16. leave them in the forest 把他们留在森林里17. say to herself 对她自己说18. take the children into the forest 带孩子们进入森林19. in the middle of 在。中间20. stay here 待在这里21. come back later 一会回来22. be lost 迷路23. follow them back home 跟着他们回家24. find their way back home 找到他们回家的路25. be happy to do sth. 高兴做某事M3U2 Weather 1. Whats the weather like today? = How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样？2. help my pants grow 帮助我的植物生长help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 e.g. Peter helps his brother do his homework. Peter帮助弟弟做回家作业。3. blow my plants down 吹倒我的植物4. make my plant strong 让我的植物茁壮成长5. - What was the temperature？ 温度是多少？ - It was twenty degrees. 二十度。6. weather report 天气预报7. thirty-two degrees 三十二度8. the East China Sea 中国东海9. heavy rain and a strong wind 狂风暴雨10. notat all 一点也不11. a long time ago 很久以前12. build a new house 建了一座新房子13 enjoy oneself 过得快乐M3U3 Changes1. give sb. sth. 给某人某物 e.g. give him a surprise 给他一个惊喜2. move the furniture 移动家具3. next to the wall 挨着墙4. look different 看起来不同5. What else？ 还有什么？6. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事7. many years ago 许多年以前8. a big city 一个大城市9. a lot of tall buildings 许多高楼10. other countries 其他国家11. the story of Shanghai 上海的故事12. The Shanghai History Museum 上海历史博物馆13. many other things 许多其他东西14. a lot of photos of old Shanghai 许多老上海的照片M4U1 Museums1. play the piano very well 弹钢琴很好2. perform Beijing Opera 表演京剧3. help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 e.g. help firefighters put out fires 帮助消防员灭火4. be useful 有用的5. science museum 科技馆6. art museum美术馆7. history museum 历史博物馆8. insect museum 昆虫博物馆9. car museum 汽车博物馆10. railway museum 铁路博物馆11. why 为什么，提问原因 回答要用because 因为 e.g. - Why do you want to visit car museum? 你为什么想去参观汽车博物馆？ - Because I want to see different cars. 因为我想看不同的汽车。12. learn about 学到关于。13. The Louvre Museum 卢浮宫博物馆14. human history 人类历史15. many different cultures 许多不同的文化16. thousands of 成千上万17. the Mona Lisa 蒙娜丽莎18. the worlds most famous painting 世界上最著名的画19. on one trip 在一次旅行中20. again and again 一次又一次M4U2 Western holidays1. talk to sb. 和某人交谈2. in the UK 在英国3. on the Internet 在网上4. the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节5. give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 6. each other 互相7. go on Easter egg hunts 进行复活节彩蛋活动8. hide a lot of eggs 藏许多蛋9. make jack-o-lanterns 做南瓜灯10. go trick-or-treating 玩不给糖果就捣乱的游戏11. eat pumpkin pies and pumpkin bread 吃南瓜派和南瓜面包12. have a family dinner 举行家庭聚餐13. decorate a Christmas tree 装饰圣诞树14. cut a face 剪一张脸15. cut out a circle 剪出一个圆圈16. throw it away 扔掉它17. have fancy-dress parties 举行化妆舞会18. dress like 像。一样打扮19. knock on the door 敲门20. play a trick on sb. 对某人恶作剧M4U3 Story time1. in the castle 在城堡里2. run away 逃跑3. around the garden 在花园四周4. put up a sign 放了一个标志5. at last 最后6. look out of the window 看向窗外7. come into the garden through a hole in the wall 通过墙上的洞进入花园8. break down the wall 推倒墙壁9. forever and ever 永远10. from then on 从那时起补充：不规则动词过去式 1. is / am was 是(be动词)2. are were 是(be动词)3. do did 干、做4. have / has - had 有5. eat ate 吃6. drink drank喝7. make made 做、制作8. go went 去9. get got 到达、获得10. see saw 看见11. hear heard 听见12. say said 说13. run ran 跑14. come came 来15. become became 成为16. swim swam 游泳17. sit sat 坐18. cut cut 切19. let let 让20. put put 放21. read read 读22. fall fell 下降、落下23. meet met 遇见24. take - took 拿、取25. can could能够26. lay laid 下蛋27. keep kept 保持28. leave left 离开29. sleep - slept 睡觉30. feel felt 感觉、觉得31. catch caught 抓住32. bring - brought 带来33. buy bought 买34. think thought 思考、认为35. win-won 赢、获胜