初中主谓一致-讲解+练习.doc

主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred17以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三肯定与否定一致 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。 Weve had some(money). We havent had any(money). I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us. He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet. Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either. Both of us are going. Neither of us are going. He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。 My wife like classic music very much and so do I. She doesnt like jazz and neither do I. 主谓一致专项练习题1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. aret D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asle 9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holiday in winter, .A.neither he will B. neither wont he C. neither will he D. he wont neither22. I havent finished my homeworked yet. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasnt either23. “Im going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ .” A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go24. You as well as he to blame(责备) for the accident（交通事故）.A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am主谓一致练习题 1. The old _well looked after by the government in China. A. is B. are C. has been D. was 2. The secretary and manager _very busy now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. was 4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party. A. was B. were C. have been D. had been 5. Either you or I _going to the teachers office after class. A. am B. is C. are D. will 6. Most of his spare time _spent in reading. A. are B. were C. was D. have been 7. This is one of the best novels that _appeared this year. A.have been B. has C. had been D. have 8. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum. A.are B. is C. were D. have 9. About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. Mr Smith， together with his children， _arrived. A.are B. has C. is D. have 11. It _I who _leaving for London. A.isis B. amis C. isam D. amam 12. Not only Tom but also his wife _fond of watching television. A. are B. were C. be D. is 13. When and where to build the new factory _yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest _. A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult 15. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all. A. is B. was C. are D. were 16. Half of his goods _ stolen the other day. A. are B. were C. is D. was 17. Mathematics _the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 18. Each of the students _ a Chinese-English dictionary. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 19. They each _ a beautiful handkerchief. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 20. Between the two rows of trees _the teaching building. A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are 21. This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing. A.is B. are C. have been D. had been 22. No one except my parents _anything about it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known 23. A number of students _from the south. A. are B. is C. have D. has 24. The number of students from the north _small. A.are B. is C. have D. has 25. Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most， A.is B. are C. was D. were 26. His “Selected Poems” _first published in 1965. A.were B. was C. has been D. are 27. Miss Smith is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 28. A good deal of money _spent on books. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 29. On the wall _ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 30. _turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves 31. Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 32. All but one _here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 33. The number of people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons. A. were； was B. was； was C. was； were D. were； were 34. The air in big cities _very dirty by factories. A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made 35. Nobody _to smoke in the cinema. A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed 36. The Chinese people _hard-working and brave. A. are B. is C. has been D. are being 37. _can be done _been done. A. All； have B. All that； have C. All； has D. All that； has 38. John has two brothers， but either _out of work now. A. are B. is C. has D. have 39. The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching 40. Apples of this kind _. A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well 41. Your trousers _dirty， you must have _washed. A. is； it B. are； it C. are； them D. is； them 42. Where _rubbish， there are flies. A. there are B. there is C. is D. there has 43. The Olympic Games _held every _years. A. is； four B. are； four C. is； five D. are； five 44. Many a man _ come to help us. A. have B. has C. is D. are 45. He is the only one of the students who _elected. A. are B. have C. has D. is 46. Three-fourths of the homework _today. A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished 47. Those who _ in _compositions， please hand them in this afternoon. A. hasnt handed； his B. havent handed； their C.has handed； their D. have handed； his 48. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _by their teacher. A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising 49. The whole class _the teacher attentively. A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening 50. The United States of America _one of the most developed countries in the world. A. is B. are C. was D. were 主谓一致专项练习一 单项选择：1. Eating vegetables_ good for our health.A. is B. are C. were D. was2. More than one person _ made the suggestion.A. was B. has C. were D. have3. I think _ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam _ easy.A. two thirds; is B. second three; are C. two thirds; are D. two third; are4. Neither you nor Lin Hua _ to the Great Wall before.A. had been B. has gone C. has been D. have been5. The writer and teacher _ coming now.A. is B. are C. has D. have6. Something _