一般过去时态讲解.doc

一般过去时态
1. 定义：
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如:last year, yesterday,等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。
注意：Ａ.规则动词的过去式
①一般是直接在动词的后面加ed；
如：work-worked 工作learn-learned 学习 clean-cleaned 清洁 visit-visited拜访，参观
②以e结尾的动词直接加d；
1.live-lived居住 2.dance-danced 跳舞 3.use-used 使用
③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed　（此类动词较少）
如：study–studied 学习carry – carried 搬动 worry – worried担心 而以元音字母加y结尾的动词的变化规则也是直接加ed
如：play-played 玩 stay-stayed 停留；依靠
④双写最后一个字母（此类动词非常少）
如：stop-stopped
不规则变化的类型：

1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打
let let let 让 put put put 放下read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑 lend lent lent借给lose lost lost 失去send sent sent 送spend spent spent 花费
（3）其他
pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站win won won 得胜
understand understood understood 明白
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
catch caught caught 抓住teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得fight fought fought 战斗
find found found 发现 get got got 得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂
have had had 有 hold held held 盛，握
leave left left 离开make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻
sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖
5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛，扔blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞draw drew drawn 拉，绘画
show showed shown 展示
（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken说话break broke broken破碎,折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择forget forgot forgotten 忘记
（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
begin began begun 开始ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳drink drank drunk 饮
（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is) was/ were been 是be(are) were been 是
do did done 做go went gone 去lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
2. 构成：
1） be动词的一般过去时的构成
肯定式
I was a student. He/She/Mary was a student.
It was Peter. We/You/They were workers.
疑问式
Was I a student? Was he/she/Mary a student?
Was it Peter? Were we/you/they workers?
否定式
I was not a student.He/She/Mary wasn't a student.
It wasn't Peter. We/You/They weren't workers.
疑问否定式
Was I not a student? Was he/she/Mary not a student?或Wasn't he/she/Mary a student?
Was it not Peter？Were we/you/they not workers?
2) 其他实义动词的一般过去时的构成：
肯定式
I worked. He/She/It worked. We/You/They worked.
疑问式
Did I work? Did he/she/it work? Did we/you/they work?
否定式
I didn't work. He/She/It didn't work. We/You/They didn't work.
疑问否定式
Did I not work?或Didn't I work? Did he/she/it not work? Did we/you/they not work?
3. 基本用法：
1） 带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用一般过去时。I began learning English at the age of five.
2） 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用一般过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died.
3） 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。常与always, never等连用。
Mrs. Black always carried an umbrella. 比较：Mrs. Black always carries an umbrella.
4） 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do.
I used to take a walk in the morning.
比较：I took a walk in the morning.
5） 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！常与一般过去时连用的时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night, ago, in 1980, this morning/afternoon, when引导的状语从句（过去），in the past.

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