高中英语常见熟词生义整理.doc

英语《考试说明》附录中部分熟词生义词学习一览表
单 词
学 习 要 点
add
I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.我还要补充一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。
address
an address of welcome欢迎词
address a meeting向大会发表演说
address the whole nation 向全国发表演说
How shall I address you? 我应当怎样称呼您呢? Don't address me as ‘boss’. 不要叫我“老板”。
address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址
admit
This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。
be admitted to /into Beijing University
被北京大学录取
The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation. 这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。
afford
He can't afford an hour for lunch.他抽不出一小时吃午饭。
against
against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照;
against the cold 防冷against a rainy day 防备雨天We are all taking medicine against the flu.我们都在服药预防流感。
air
air one's views发表意见
She aired the room by opening the window. 她打开窗子使房间通风。
allow
allowed him ￡1000 for expenses
给他每年1000 英镑的开销
allow of no excuse不容辩解
We must allow for his youth.我们应当体谅他年轻。
attend
Attend to the very sick patients 照应重病人
attend to the problem 处理问题
beat
beat sb at the table tennis match.
to beat a drum 击鼓The heart beats. 心脏跳动。
The bird beat its wings. 鸟扑打翅膀。
beyond
asked for nothing beyond peace and quiet.除平安和平静外一无所求.
Don't stay there beyond midnight.
不要过了午夜还留在那儿。
The road is beyond that hill.路在山的那一边
block
The police have blocked the road.
警察已经封锁了道路
a block in the pipes 管道阻塞
to put up a road block 设置路障
book
You'll have to book up early. 你要早一点订座。
build
We’re of the same build.我们体型相同
a man of strong build体格健壮的人
business
in business; on business
It's a teacher's business to make children learn.
使学生学习是老师的责任。
capital
The Smith Company has a capital of ＄ 30.000.史密斯公司有3万美元的资本。
capital letters 大写字母
Write your name in capitals.
用大写字母写你的名字。
charge
He was charged with stealing a car. 他被指控偷了一辆汽车。（charge sb. with sth ; 类似 accuse sb. of sth）a charge of stealing 偷窃罪的指控
The boy charged into the room. 男孩冲进屋里。Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。
coin
The government has decided to coin more one-Yuan pieces. 政府决定再铸造一些一元的硬币。coin gold.铸造金币
Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody. 不要生造谁也不懂的词语。
a coin washing machine. 投币洗衣机
collect
collect the electricity fee收取电费。
collect taxes.收税
Today it is his turn to collect the children from school in the community.
今天该轮到他把孩子们从社区学校接回去。
The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited."老太太力图镇定下来,但是太激动了。"
company
He kept me company. 他陪伴我。in the company of在...陪同下I had no company on the journey. 我在旅行中没有同伴。
content
Nothing contents her, she is always complaining. 没有什么能使她满意，她总是抱怨。contented himself with one piece of cake.（他）吃了一块蛋糕非常地满足
the content of silver in a ton of ore
一吨矿砂中银的含量
corner
The dog cornered the rat. 狗把老鼠逼到一个角落。
count
You can count on my help.你可以依赖我的帮助
count it an honor (to do sth.) （把做某事）引以为荣
Every second counts. 每一秒钟都很重要。
cover
The town covers 5 square miles. 小镇占地5平方英里。
I want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里
cover a fire for a newspaper 为报纸采访失火的新闻
These expenses are covered by the state. 这些费用都由国家负担。cover the loss弥补损失
The review covered everything we learned last term. 这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。
date
She is my date.她跟我有约会
develop
develop films /photos冲洗胶卷
draw
draw a curtain across a window 把窗帘拉上
draw a sword拔出刀draw water from the well从井中把水抽出来draw a lesson吸取教训
draw 20dollars from the bank从银行提取20美元draw a conclusion引出、得出结论
draw one's attention（to …）引起某人注意…
The street accident drew a big crowd.
马路上的事故吸引了一大群人。
The game was drawn.比赛打成了平局。。
The game ended in a draw. 比赛不分胜负 (平局；不分胜负)
due
Their plane is due in 15 minutes. 他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达.
Your report is due tomorrow. 你的报告应于明天交。
a bill due today 今天应付款的帐单
When is the rent due? 房租应于何时支付。
give due consideration to 给于应有的考虑
A great deal of money is due to you.
这一大笔款是你应得的。
employ
employ force 使用武力
Why didn't you employ the new method?
你们为什么不采用那个新方法呢?
enter
enter (oneself[sb.]) for(替...)报名参加
We entered our names in the guest book; 我们在来客名薄上写下姓名；enter the data into the computer.把数据输入电脑
exercise
exercise one’s right 运用自己的权利
exercise one’s intelligence to solve the problem。运用智慧解决问题
exploit
exploit a mine开矿to exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油
exploit every opportunity
利用每一个机会
express
an express train 快车
to sent the parcel express 包裹寄快件
fair
fair skin.白皙的皮肤fair hair.金发
fair skies.晴朗的天空
village fair农村集市trade fair商品交易会
industrial fair工业博览会
You must play fair.
你必须公正处事。你必须公平地比赛。
figure
the great figures of history 历史上的伟大人物
We must figure out how to solve the problem.
我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。
I figure he'll be back soon.
我估计他很快会回来。
game
Lions and elephants are called big game when they are hunted.被追捕的狮和象称为大猎物。
grade
to grade the cotton 给棉花分等
These apples have been graded according to size and quality.这些苹果已经按照大小和质量分了等级。
hold
Hold yourself still. 身体不要动。
to hold one's breath 屏住气
to hold a position 坚守阵地
hold an important position at the bank. 在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。
My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter."对于这件事,我和丈夫的意见相左。
"Hold the line, please."请不要挂断电话机!
Do you think the good weather can hold?你认为好天气能持续下去吗?
I hold it for certain.我以为那是确实的。
We hold that no country should interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.我们认为一国不应干涉他国的内政。

land
land a big catfish.
钓上一条大鲇鱼
land a well-paid job; 找到一份收入很高的工作land a contract with a Japanese firm
揽到一份与一家日本公司的合同
late
the late doctor已故的医生
the late president前任总统
the late government 上届政府
his late wife 他已亡故的妻子
the late news最近的新闻
the late earthquake最近的地震
I saw Mr. Wang as late as yesterday.
就在昨天我还看见过王先生。
last
The festival lasted two days.节日持续了两天。
This cloth lasts well.这种布很耐穿。
The food will last us another week.
食品够我们再吃一星期。
the last person we would have suspected.
我们最不可能怀疑的人 the last man for the job.对这项工作最不合适的人

lead
After the first half of the race I was leading. 跑了一半赛程后我领先了She was in the lead during the race. 她在赛跑中领先。
He led a hard life.他的日子过得很苦。
leave
leave the work undone丢下工作不干
leave him an orphan 使他成为孤儿
leave him sad 使他伤心
leave sb. in the dark 不让某人知道
ask for leave请假
ask for two days’ leave(take two days off)请两天假
lift
He gave me a lift to the station in his car. 他让我搭他的汽车去火车站。
Many of his ideas were lifted from other authors.他的许多见解都是从其他作家那里剽窃来的。
line
an airline航空公司
a shipping line 海运公司
spend the weekend learning her lines.
利用熟记她的台词
I'll drop you a line.我会留个便条给你
manner
态度, 举止(manners)
方法; 方式; 样子；(艺术、文学的)风格, 手法
mass
the masses群众, 民众
mass education大众教育；
mass production.大规模生产
补充：a mass of = masses of）许多/大量…
match
The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配。 I'm ready to match my strength with [against] yours.我准备和你较量较量。
strike a match 划一根火柴
matter
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种状态存在: 固态、液态和气态。
I have no idea what is the matter.
There is nothing the matter with it.
(the matter = wrong)
What matters most is that you should have confidence in yourself. 最重要的是你要对自己有信心。
mean
be mean with money花钱小a mean motive.卑鄙的动机
I believe he is meant to be a soldier.
我相信他天生是要当军人的。
He means ill /well to me.他对我怀有好意/ 恶意.
Every means has been tried,
All means have been tried.
by means of ….； by this / these means
1 by all means当然；当然可以
2. by no means并没有；绝不：
By no means should this remark be taken lightly.这次讲话绝不能等闲视之
measure
They took strong measures against dangerous drivers. 他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。
She works hard and doesn't measure the cost to her health.她工作勤恳并不考虑身体代价。
The room measures five metres across.
这房间有五米宽。
monitor
air monitor空气监测器
monitor an examination监考monitor the enemy's radio broadcasts监听敌方的电台广播
narrow
a narrow victory 险胜
a narrow escape 死里逃生/侥幸逃脱
note
The pupil noted what the teacher said.
学生记下了老师的话。
Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 请注意这张账单必须在10天之内付清。
a man of note有名望的人, 名人
补充：noted adj.著名的
object
strongly object to developing private cars.强烈反对发展私人小汽车。
order
order sth by mailorder books by telephone
You'd better order a taxi.
你最好还是去预定一辆出租汽车。
What drinks shall we order?
我们叫什么饮料？
The telephone's out of order. 电话机坏了。
in (good) order
owe
We owe our parents a lot. 我们十分感激父母。I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。
She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功归功于幸运。
The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1. 食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。
I owe you an apology.我该向你道歉。

park
Please park your car in the parking lot and hike in.请把车停在外面停车场,步行进去。
industrial park工业区(一般在郊区)
passage
The wooden bridge is not strong enough to allow the passage of lorries.
"这座木桥不够坚固,载重货车不能通行。
wait in the passage 在走廊等候
air passage气路, 空气道
picture
I can’t picture myself as a mother.我无法想象自己做母亲。
picture one’s suffering during the war
生动描述了战争中的苦难。
plain
the plain field 平野
the plain food/meal/living/clothes
清淡的食物/便饭/朴素的生活/便服
in plain English讲简单的英语
practice
a common practice 通常做法
an international practice 国际惯例
Hard work often produces good results.
努力工作经常会有好结果。
promise
Early mist promises fair weather. 晨雾预示好天气。
a young player of great promise.一个很有前途的年轻演员a research item that promises well大有前途的研究项目
补充: promising 有前途的
raise
raise funds筹集资金
raise a question提出问题
raise corn and soybeans.种玉米和大豆
raise chickens and corn 养鸡和种植玉蜀黍
raise children.抚养孩子
raise a laugh引起一阵大笑
raise doubts引起怀疑
reach
within reach of the shops 买东西很方便的地方The ball was out of reach. 我够不着这个球。
reach an agreement达成协议
reach no conclusion 没有得出结论
The garden reaches down to the lake.
花园一直延伸到湖边。
the upper/lower reaches of a river
河的上游/ 下游
ready
He was ready to believe her.他愿意相信她
He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助他人。
ready money /cash现金sleep with his sword ready睡觉时把剑放在身边
read
It’s hard to read the expression on his face. 难以理解他脸上的表情。 Read the clock 看钟Read a map 看地图 Read music 识乐谱
The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.温度计显示华氏80度。
reduce
be reduced to a shadow骨瘦如柴be reduced to despair陷入绝望The poor woman is reduced to begging.那个可怜的女人已沦为乞丐。
refer
refer a question to an expert把问题提交给专家(处理)The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers. 商店把投诉转交给制造商。
refer to sb. for information
向某人打听消息
regard
regard sb. highly尊重某人
with best regards谨致问候
Please give my regards to your mother.
请向你妈妈问候。
注意: 考纲中要求掌握：remember me to sb. 代向某人问好
regular
Do you want king size cigarettes or regular size?
你要长枝的还是一般(长短)的香烟?
keep regular hours过有规律的生活
a regular air service定期航班
a regular customer老主顾
a regular meeting例会
remain
remain in one's mind留在记忆中How many weeks will you remain [stay] here?你将在此停留几个星期?
Only a few trees remain.只留下了一些树
He remains a teacher / weak. These matters remain in doubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑。
A cure remains to be found.尚待发现的疗法
It remains to be seen还要看情况 该词只有不及物用法，没有被动； remaining( adj.剩下的)
respect
give one's respects to向...致候
I think you are wrong in every respect .我觉得你各方面都错了。in all respects (=in every respect)无论在哪方面[哪一点]
rush
Don't rush me. 别催我。
An ambulance rushed her to the hospital.
救护车把它急匆匆地送到医院
a rush to the goldfields.淘金热
gold rush淘金热
save
save me much trouble 免去我很多麻烦
saved the tourist from being cheated
使旅游者免于受骗
save one's face保全面子
save (one's) breath别白费劲儿。
seat
The big table can seat 20 guests.
seat the members of the bride's family.引座员会引导新娘的家人就座seat me in the back row. 给我在后排提供一个座位。
seat oneself ; be seated ; 就座
seek
I will seek my doctor's advice. 我将请教医生的意见。seek directions from a police officer.向警官询问方向
seeking information; 查询信息He sought to make peace. 他企图讲和
注意seek 的过去式和过去分词 sought;
serve
serve breakfast供应早餐
This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.这个平台将用作港口和火车站。serve as an interpreter担任译员
serve coffee hot把咖啡趁热端上来
serve tea.上茶
It serves him right.他活该。serve the people heart and soul全心全意地为人民服务
The bird settled on the wire.鸟停在电线上。
sharp
at seven o'clock sharp 七点整
a sharp turn to the left 向左急转a sharp decline急剧下降 a sharp turn急转弯 a sharp pain.剧痛 a sharp picture 清晰图像
补充：be sharp in thought思维敏捷。"
sign
He made a sign for me to follow him.
他向我示意跟着他（走）。
He signed to /for me to be quiet.
He signed me to be quiet.他做手势要我安静。
There are no signs of life about the house. 这房子没有有人住的迹象。sign in签到 sign out签名登记外出sign up for military service 报名从军sign up for a pottery course.报名参加陶器制作课程
solid
two solid hours足足两个小时
a solid friend可靠的朋友
solid arguments理由充分的论点
sort
"Sort out these papers and fasten them together with a clip, please." "请把这些文件整理一下,用夹子夹在一起。"
补充：有几分；有点；相当(Somewhat; rather)
I sort of expected it. 我料到几分了。
sound
sound a horn吹号角 sound the alarm发警报
A sound mind in a sound body.健全的精神寓于健全的身体。get home safe and sound平安到家
sound advice 正确的忠告
sound basis 稳固的基础
sound friends 忠实的朋友
A sound sleep 酣睡
be sound asleep
spare
spare no efforts [pains]不遗余力
spare no expense不惜工本
spare sb.'s life 饶了某人的命
He did the work to spare you the trouble.
他做了那件事使你免去麻烦。
Can you spare me this book for a while? 这本书能让我看一会儿吗?Can you spare me a few litres of petrol? 你能匀给我几公升汽油吗?
spring
a hot spring温泉
The spring has run down.钟表发条走完了。
She sprang out of her chair to greet her father.
她从椅子上跳起来迎接她父亲。
a spring mattress.弹簧垫子
stand
I cannot stand waiting [to wait] any longer.再等下去我可受不了啦
He stands six feet in his socks.
他穿袜（脱鞋）时身高六英尺。
take a firm stand on sth .对…采取坚定立场
a fruit stand水果摊a music stand乐谱架
stand by在场；靠近 ;袖手旁观
stand out明显；醒目
stand up for维护；拥护
state
"Please state your name, age and occupation on the form."请在表上填写你的姓名、年龄和职业。
only to be used on the stated date
只能在指定日期使用
Everything was in a state of disorder. （状态）
一切都处于紊乱状态。
In China, the railways are owned by the state. 在中国，铁路是国有的。（国家）
stick
Stick no bills. 请勿张贴
Stick out your tongue.伸出舌头
stick out of the water 伸出水面
He was stuck by the question.他被这个问题难住了
stick to粘住，坚持，忠于Stick to basic principles.坚持基本
Strike
strike a match.划燃火柴
An idea suddenly struck me.
我心中忽然产生一个念头。
The clock struck nine.钟敲了九下。
补充：He struck me with a stick.
他用棍子打我。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁；趁机行事。
subject
the subject of an experiment实验对象
be subject to cold 易患感冒
be subject to damage 易受损伤
succeed
succeed sb. as secretary继某人任书记Day succeeds day.日复一日。He had no son to succeed him.他没有儿子继承他。
tense
He tensed his muscles for the leap.他拉紧了他的肌肉准备跳跃
term
a term of office 任期to get a term of seven years in prison 被判7年徒邢
technical terms 专门名词，术语
come to terms with 与…达成协议If you agree to my terms -- free meals and good wages — I will work for you. 如果你同意我的条件，免费用餐并给高薪，我就为你工作。
in the long term从长远的观点看
in the short term从眼前的观点看
in terms of以…的观点；就…而说
on good terms好的关系
on bad terms坏的关系
thirsty
He is thirsty for power.他渴望掌权。
track
track game through the forest. 追踪猎物穿过森林 The hunter followed the animal's tracks. 猎人追踪动物的足迹。
trade
trade seats with sb和某人对换座位
Trade space for time以空间换取时间
treat
treat sb. to an ice-cream请某人吃一杯冰淇淋
I'll treat myself to a sunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴；This is my treat.这次由我请客
voice
have a voice in this matter.对这件事有发言权
voice different opinions about it发表不同的看法
weather
weather the storm 战胜暴风雨We have weathered another war. 我们又度过了一场战争。
weigh
weigh the matter seriously认真考虑这件事
wei