分词做状语和独立主格结构.ppt

Grammar Revision分词做状语分词做状语和和独立主格结构独立主格结构分分词做状做状语V-ing作状语作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的相当于一个对应的状语从句状语从句所表达的意所表达的意思思.1._（walk）in the street,I came across an old friend.When.2._(be)ill,he didnt go to school.Because3._(use)your head,you will find a way.If Weweresittingbythewindow,_(talk)aboutwhathappenedyesterday.(伴随）伴随）Hisparentsdied,_(leave)himanorphan.Havingmethimformanytimes,shedecidedtohelphimout.Aftershehadmethimformanytimes,1.v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，需用生在主句谓语动作之前，需用having done,被动形式被动形式 having been done2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致；句主语保持一致；3.否定式直接在分词前加否定式直接在分词前加notNotknowingheraddress,wehadtogetintouchwithher._(finish)theclass,shewenthome._(catch)onthespot,thethiefhadtoadmithiscrime.Ved 作状语作状语 1.过去分词作状语，表示过去分词作状语，表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况伴随情况等。等。过去分词的过去分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语_(see)fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitis_(keep)inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.IftheyareDeeply_(move)bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.过去完成时1.定义：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。2.结构：结构：haddone被动：被动：hadbeendoneIhadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight。I thought I had seen him before.与分词作状语交叉与分词作状语交叉Aftershehadfinishedtheofficework,shecametothesittingroomandrelaxed.Havingfinishedtheofficework,shePractice 1._fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered2.Hesentmeane-mail,_togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope3.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,_.A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdiscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake4.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing5._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited6.If _ the same treatment again,hes sure to get well.A.giving B.give C.given D.being given7.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited 7._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding 独立主格结构独立主格结构1.由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。2.特点特点1）独立主格结构的）独立主格结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语与与句子的主语不句子的主语不同同，它独立存在。，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定不定式，介词等是式，介词等是主谓关系主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。3.结构结构名词/主格代词+现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词/不定式不定式/形容词形容词/副词副词/介词短语介词短语There being+名词/代词It being+名词/代词Thegirl_(stare)athim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidntknowwhattosay.Time_(permit)(=Iftimepermits),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.Theproblems_(solve)(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.独立主格与状语从句的转换独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的当状语从句的主语主语与与主句的主语不同主句的主语不同时时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但但不再保留连词不再保留连词。Afterclasswasover，thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.Classbeingover/ClassoverHeisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.Hismother（being）ill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.Themeeting（being）over,theyallwenthome.being（或（或havingbeen）不能省略的情形不能省略的情形(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。ItbeingSundayItbeingSunday,we went to church.(2)在There being名名词词/代代词词的的结构结构中中。There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.n/pron+介词短语结构中，介词短语结构中，n/pron前不可用前不可用冠词或形容词性物主代词（冠词或形容词性物主代词（his，her，our）Practice 1.Thecave_verydark,helitsomecandles_light.A.was;given B.was;togiveC.being;givenD.being;togive2.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand_agunandhisface_withsweat.Aheld;coveredB.holding;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;covering3.Thegirlinthesnapshot（快照）（快照）wassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_.A.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreezeC.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreeze4.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished5._,wewenthome.A.OurhomeworkhadbeenfinishedB.OurhomeworkhavingbeenfinishedC.OurhomeworkfinishingD.Ourhomeworkbeenfinished6.Themeeting_,hewentbacktohiscompany.A.OverB.hadoverC.wasoverD.havebeenover7._,he put on his coat.A.It being cold B.It coldC.Being cold D.It having been cold8.Time_,weshallvisitthezoo.A.beenpermittingB.permittingC.permittedD.havingbeenpermitted9._,wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightawayA.TherewasnotimeleftB.ThereisnotimeleftC.TherebeingnotimeleftD.Theretobenotimeleft10.Shestoodthere,_fromhercheeks.A.tearsrollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown11.Theboystoodbeforetheroastedduck,hiseyes_onitandhismouth_.A.werefixed,waswateredB.fixed,wateringC.fixed,wateredD.werefixing,waswatering12._Sunday,thelibraryisclosed.A.BeingB.ItbeingC.TherebeingD.ItisHomework Domoreexercisestoconsolidateabsolutestructureandparticiplesasadverbials.