现在完成时整理归纳.doc

现在完成时——讲解部分
现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词
1．表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：
I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）
现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处） never (“从不” 用于中间处) ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）just (“刚刚” 用于中间处) yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.

1. 现在完成时的"完成用法"
A、定义 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束但该动作对现在产生了影响与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。
( 动作结束于过去但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
B、特点 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续因此该时态只能与表示不定的
过去时间状语(如already yet beforer ecently等)、频度时间状语(如never ever once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如this morning/ month /year...today等)连用。
例如 Have you found your pen yet? 你已找到你的钢笔了吗？

2. 现在完成时的"未完成用法"
A、定义 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去。
例如He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来他一直住在这儿。 (动作起始于1978年一直住到现在可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。 (动作开始于5年前一直延续至今有可能还要继续下去。)
B、特点 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如up to now=so far到目前为止)等。
例如I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如comegoarriveleavejoin become等。

现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）
I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）

1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情不强调对"现在"产生的影响。 如 He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)

2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。
如 Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)

3. 两种时态的区分
(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。如The film started at 7 o’clock. He has been a teacher for many years.
(2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。

have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法区别
一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad(国外)
二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。
例如： I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
三、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。

现在完成时——练习部分
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I_____ already _____ (see) the film. I ______(see) it last week.
2. ----- ______ he _______(finish) his work today ? ------Not yet .
3. -----_______you _________(be) to Hong Kong ?
----Yes, I ___________ (be) there twice .
4. -----___ you ever ____(eat ) chocolate ?
----No, never.
5. My father _______ just _______ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
6. Where’ Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
7. Shanghai ______ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it ______(become) a large city.
8. So far I ________(make) quite a few friends here.
9. --- I ___________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.
--- Where and when _______ you ______ (see) it? --- Last week.
10. Mary _________ already __________ (have) her supper.
11. I _________ (not want) to see the film. I ________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday.
12. ---______ Uncle Wang ______ (mend) the TV yet?
---Yes, he______.
---When _____ he _____ it? --- Yesterday.
13. ______ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet?
14 They _____ already______(do) their homework. But they don’t know what_______ (do) next.
15. ---______ you ________ (see) the film last night?
---No, I ___________ (see) it for several times.

请尝试着做以下的练习
1. I __________ (work) here since I _______ (move) here in 1999.
2. ---How long ____ the Smiths _____(stay)here?
---- For two weeks.
3. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.
4. She____________ (not read) this book before.
5. ____ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before?
6. --- ____ Wei Hua ________ (come) yet?
---Yes. She_______ (come) already. She ______ (come) just now.
7. --How long _____you __________(learn) English? ---For more than two years.
8. They _______________ (live) in China since they ________ (move) to China.
11. My father ____ just ___ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

现在完成时态练习
一． 写出下列动词的的过去式和过去分词
repair be begin
pay run send
cut catch move
feel get eat
hold hurt learn
leave lose win
understand throw swim
sleep study sing
take wear lay
二． 用所给动词的适当形式填空
5. --- I ___________ (see) the film “Chicken Run” last week.
--- Where ________ you _______ (see) it?
6. We __________ (hold) a sports meeting next week.
11. What ______he ______ (do) at 8:00 last night?
12. Mum______ (cook) when I got home yesterday.
13. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I ___________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday.
14. The teacher told us that the earth______ (travel) around the sun.
15. ______you ______ (read) today’s newspaper yet?
16. They ______already______ (do) their homework.
17.--- Where is Jim?--- He ______ (water) the flowers in the garden.
19. A squirrel(松鼠)______ (hide) itself if it______ (feel) dangerous.
20.---What______Tom______ (do) now?
---He ______ (work) on a maths problem.
--- ______ He ______ (work) it out?
---No, not yet. I ______ (think) he ______ (work) it out soon.
21. --- I______ (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently.
--- Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.
22. Mary _____ already _______ (have) her supper.
23. If hunters catch a giant panda, they______ (kill) it for its fur.
24. My father______ (walk) to school from time to time.
25. ---Why are you late again?
--- Sorry, I______ (not be) late next time.
26. --- A man named Wang Hao______ (call) you twice just now.
--- He is one of my old friends. I______ (not meet) him since I left for Hong Kong.
27. My parents ______ (return) today. Don’t forget to meet them at the airport.
28. ---______Uncle Wang ______ (repair) the TV yet?
---Yes, he______.
---When _____ he _____(repair) it?
--- Yesterday.
29. ---I’m hungry Mum.
---Hungry? You ______just ______ (eat) four hamburgers.
30. -----_____you _______(be) to Beijing?
----Yes, I ______already _________(be) there twice.
三．翻译句子
1. 他自从去了美国以后就没给我写过信。
He_______________________since__________________
2. 我们足够幸运，可以看见国家的变化。
We are _________________to see________________with our eyes.
3. 我原来居住的地方已变成了一个购物中心。
The place I used to live in________________________
4. 我不能像以前那样经常看到他们。
I can’t see them ______________________________
5. 这家工厂过去常常把废弃物倒进河里。
This factory ________________________ into the river.

一、动词填空。
1. She __________ (be) away from home for almost four years.
2. The sun __________ (rise ) in the east.
3. You look tired. Stop _______(work) and ______(have) a rest.
4. I __________ ( not hear) from you for a long time.
5. My brother __________(be ) to England twice.
6. Mr Green __________(not come) back to China yet.
7. Who __________(teach ) you math last term?
8. They __________(go) to the shopping center already.
9. Listen, Xiao Li __________ (sing) in the next room.
10. They __________(play) football when I walked past.

二、句型转换(每空一词)。
1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)
I _______ ________ been to Macau before.

2.He hasn’t come to school because he’s ill. (就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he come to school?
3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问)
______ ______ _______ _______ learned English ?
4.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改写)
I ______ just ______ a new bike.
5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
We ______ ______English _______three years
6. He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ _____ he_______ here?
7. They have already finished the work.变否定
They ______ ______ the work ______.
8. My father got there two days ago.同义句
My father ______ ______ there for two days.
9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.同义句
Mr. Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999.
10.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ ____ ______ they ______ the room this week?
11. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. 同义句
My father _____ ______ _____ England _____.

选择题
1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.
A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in
2. We have been friends since ______.
A. children B. five years
C. five years ago D. five years before
3. Mike ___________ the story book for a month.
A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed
4. You ______ that question three times.
A. already asked B. have already asked
C. already have asked D. asked already
5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.
A. since last week B. a week ago
C. for a week D. since a week ago
6. I _____ at this school for two years.
A. am studying B. study
C. studied D. have studied
7. They _________ in the city since last summer.
A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. live
8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992.
A. since B. from C. after D. in
9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.
A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to
10. His father _______ for years.
A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies
11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.
A. won’t go, saw B. won’t go, will see
C. won’t go, has seen D. didn’t go, sees
12.---- Would you like some more food?
----Thank you. I _______ enough.
A. will have B. have had C. have D. had
13. ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.
A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is
C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is
14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing?
----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.
A. Have, been, haven’t, am going
B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going
C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going
D. Did, go, didn’t, was going
15. Your sister ___ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she ___ there for two months.
A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone
C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been
16. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago.
A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought
17. —Where is Li Lei? —He ___ Shanghai.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to
18. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music.
A.. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing
19. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months.
A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to
20. --- Is your father a Party member?
--- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years.
A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been
C. was joined; is D. joined; was
21. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it?
----Just five weeks.
A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had
22. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
23. ----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time?
- ---Yes. She joined it five years ago.
A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined
24. ---How long have you ____ from the USA? ----For three months.
A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back
25. I _____ this book for half a year.
A. have bought B. have had C. bought D . had
26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _____for a year.
A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away
27. --- ______ you______ your homework yet?
---Yes, I _____ it just now.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished
C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish
28. The sand storm weather ______ in Beijing several times this year.
A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened
29. ---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month.
A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since
30. He ____ a cold for three days.
A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught
31. Jim Green ____ in China for two years.
A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came
32. The film ____ for half an hour.
A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn’t begun D. began
33.—Where have you _______ these days?
—I have to Beijing with my friends.
A. beengone B. beenbeen
C. gonebeen D. gonegone
34How long have you _______ this book
A. bought B.borrowed C. had D.lent
35. We have lived here _______ five years ago
A. when B.since C.before D.after
36—I have watched the game.
—When _____you _______ it ?
A.havewatched B.dowatch
C.didwatch D.willwatch
37—How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black?
—OhI _______ such a beautiful city.
Adon’t visit Bdidn’t visit
Chaven’t visited Dhadn’t visited
38Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice.
Ahave been Bhas been
Chave gone Dhas gone
39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to YunnanAafter Bbefore Csince Dfor
40.His grandpa _______ for two years.
A.was died B.has been dead
C.was dead D.has died

练习：
I．翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？

2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。

3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。

4. 他已经吃过午饭了。

5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？

6. 我哥哥还没回来。

7. 我上星期看过这部电影。

8. 在1992年他住在这里。

II． 用过去时或现在完成时填空：
1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”
“When ________ you __________ (have) it?” “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”
2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”
“Yes, I ___________. I ______________ (write) one last week.”
3. “_________ he ___